婴儿肝炎综合征的临床与病理观察

报道我院１４年来诊断为婴儿肝炎综合征（婴肝）住院并死亡的５１例病儿。为探讨婴肝患者的肝脏病理改变与死亡的关系，我们对全部病儿进行尸检，并根据肝脏病理变化分以下几型：①重症肝炎：（急性及亚急性）２８例（５４．９０％）；②急性肝炎：９例（１７．６５％）；③巨细胞病毒肝炎（ＣＭＶ）：３例（５．８８％）；④慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）：２例（３．９２％）；⑤胆道闭锁及胆汁性肝硬变：９例（１７．６５％）。     

我国肝病患者HCV感染的血清流行病学研究

应用第二代抗ＨＣＶ试剂对我国不同地区肝病患者血清抗ＨＣＶ进行了检测，同时调查了ＨＢＶ和ＨＡＶ感染状况。２０１６例肝病患者血清中抗ＨＣＶ检出率为１２．２５％，ＨＢＶｍ检出率为７４．５５％，抗ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ检出率为２９．３１％。各型肝病患者抗ＨＣＶ检出情况分别是：急性肝炎６２／７５２（８．２４％）；慢性迁延性肝炎４８／５４１（８．８７％）；慢性活动性肝炎９３／５２３（１７．７８％；慢性重症肝炎５／３２     

肝细胞癌和其它慢性肝病HCV HBV感染比较分析

对１２８例有病理诊断依据的肝细胞场（ＨＣＣ）、４７例慢迁肝（ＣＰＨ）、１０５例慢活肝（ＣＡＨ）、４６例肝硬化（ＬＣ）．采用嵌套式ＰＣＲ技术检测其血标本中的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣｖ）ＲＮＡ和乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＤＩＩＡ，对这两种病毒的血清学标志也进行了研究。结果：在ＨＣＣ组。ＨＣＶＲＮＡ１４．１％阳性，ＨＢＶＤＮＡ７ｉ．３％阳性。ＣＰＨ，ＣＡＨ，ＬＣ和ＨＣＣ的ＨＢＶ感染率均在９０％左右，而ＨＣＶ感染率则分别为８．５％、９．５％、１７．４％和１９．５％，显示ＨＣＶ感染率随肝病严重程度的增加而有增加的趋势；晚期肝病组的ＨＣＶ感染率（１９．０％）显著高于慢性肝炎组（９．２％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＨＣＶ感染后经过慢性肝炎、肝硬化发展为ＨＣＣ可能是一个逐渐演进的病理过程。ＨＣＶ，ＨＢＶ重叠感染率。ＨＣＣ组高于ＣＰＨ，ＣＡＨ，而与ＬＣ相近，显示ＨＣＶ重叠感染在原有ＨＢＶ感染的基础上促进病变向着迁延化、慢性化，进而向着肝硬化、ＨＣＣ方向发展。     

慢性HBV感染血清HBV DNA五项指标及肝病理之间的相关性分析

用ＰＣＲ检测了ＨＢＶ标志不同状态１０２例，均经肝活检诊断，其中慢性迁延性肝炎（ＣＰＨ）７４例，慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）２１例，肝组织正常７例。结果：ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率ＣＡＨ为８５．７％，显著高于ＣＰＨ４７．３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率ＣＰＨ为１８．９％，明显高于ＣＡＨ４．７％。ＰＣＲ血清ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ总阳性率分别为ＣＰＨ８３．８％、ＣＡＨ８５．７％。在抗－ＨＢｅ阳性的血清ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ检出     

重型病毒性肝炎的血清病原学研究

为了解重病毒性肝炎（重肝）的病的分型及其与预后的关系，应用酶联免疫法对１２０例重肝患者进行了甲型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＡＶ）ＩｇＭ、ＨＢＶ标志（ＨＢＶＭ）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）的检测。结果显示，抗ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性１９例（１５．８％）；ＨＢＶＭＢ阳性９０例（７５．０％）；抗－ＨＣＶ阳性２９例（２４．２％）其中１９例登工ＨＢＶ感染，单纯抗－ＨＣＶ阳性６例；三型病毒标志阴性者１６例（１３．３％     

急性黄疸型肝炎284例血清学分析

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对２８４例急性黄疸型肝炎（急黄肝）患者的血清标本回顾性地检测了甲型肝炎病毒（ＨＡＶ）、乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）、丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）、丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）及戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）感染标志。结果，各种肝炎病毒单一感染占７９．６％，重叠感染占１８．７％（其中二重感染１７％，三重感染０．７％，四重感染１．０％）；各种肝炎病毒的检出率依次为：ＨＡＶ５８．８％＞ＨＢＶ３６．６％＞ＨＥＶ１１．３％＞ＨＣＶ１０．９％＞ＨＤＶ２．１％。提示，在我国ＨＡＶ和ＨＢＶ感染可能是急黄肝的最主要病因，单纯甲肝、单纯乙肝及甲乙混合感染可能是急黄肝的主要类型。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染成年树的实验研究

目的：探讨成年树（Ｔｕｐａｉａ）感染ＨＣＶ的可能性。方法：用ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性人血清接种１０只健康成年Ｔｕｐａｉａ。观察临床表现；定期检测血清ＡＬＴ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ正、负链；检测肝组织中ＨＣＶ３种抗原和负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ；行肝组织病理检查。结果：Ｔｕｐａｉａ接种阳性血清后，１０例均出现不同程度的肝炎症状；１０例血清ＡＬＴ升高，其中３例在２８周时仍高于正常；６例肝组织中ＨＣＶ抗原持续阳性，持续时间大于２８周；１０例出现急性肝炎的肝组织病理学变化，其中４例有慢性肝炎病变。检测４只动物血清的系列标本，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均呈间歇性阳性；检测３只动物肝组织负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均为阳性；检测１例动物肝外组织，其中心肌细胞、胰岛细胞和肾小管上皮细胞中有ＨＣＶ３种抗原染色阳性信号。结论：ＨＣＶ能够感染成年Ｔｕｐａｉａ，并可形成慢性病变，感染率约为６０％，慢性病变发生率约为４０％。Ｔｕｐａｉａ可作为研究丙型肝炎的实验动物     

重型病毒性肝炎肝组织内丙型肝炎病毒抗原表达的研究

目的：研究重型肝炎肝组织内丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）抗原表达及特点，探讨ＨＣＶ感染在重型肝炎发生中的地位和作用。方法：用免疫组化法检测２０例重型肝炎组织内ＨＣＶ抗原。结果：肝组织内ＨＣＶ抗原表达阳性率４５％（９／２０），其中慢性重型肝炎６０％（６／１０），亚急性４２．９％（３／７），急性０％（０／３），ＨＣＶ抗原仅在肝细胞内表达，可呈胞浆均质型、包涵体型和膜下型，９例肝组织ＨＣＶ抗原表达阳性患者均混合     

少年儿童肝炎72例血清抗—HCV检测及HCV、HBV重叠感染的临床意义

对７２例少年儿童各型肝炎进行丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗—ＨＣＶ）和乙型肝炎病毒标志（ＨＢＶＭ）检测，发现抗—ＨＣＶ阳性率为４０．３％，ＨＢＶＭ阳性率为６１．１％，输血后肝炎抗—ＨＣＶ阳性率（６６．６％）高于非输血后肝炎者（３７．８％）。ＨＣＶ、ＨＢＶ重叠感染率分别为：ＡＨ５．８％，ＣＰＨ２７．２％、ＣＡＨ６８．７％，各组差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示本地少年儿童肝炎仍以乙型肝炎为主，但ＨＣＶ感染不容忽视；输血是ＨＣＶ感染的主要途径；ＨＣＶ、ＨＢＶ重叠感染易使病情慢性化和重症化。     

成人无症状HBsAg携带者65例三年随访观察

对６５例成人无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者进行连续３年随访观察。结果：ＨＢｓＡｇ阴转率７７％（５／６５），ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性率３７％（２４／６５），ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转率３３３％（８／２４），抗ＨＢｅ阳性率２１５％（１４／６５），临床转归ＡＬＴ异常１５４％（１０／６５），ＴＴＴ或ＣＣＦＴ（＋＋）以上１２３％（８／／６５），肝大（０５～１５ｃｍ）４例，其中有急性肝炎经过３例，慢性迁延性肝炎８例，慢性活动性肝炎８例，发现肝硬化２例，肝癌１例。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.