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腹膜透析治疗急性肾功能衰竭200例临床分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨ARF的治疗经验,对200例采用综合治疗和腹膜透析治疗,并进行随访。结果发现200例ARF117例(58.5%)治愈,好转脱离透析4例(2%),改血透2例(1%),正在腹透6例(3.0%),自动出院9例(4.5%),死亡62例(31%)。显示腹膜透析是治疗ARF有效方法之一。 相似文献
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目的:观察腹膜透析治疗急性肾功能衰竭(aeute renal failure ARF)的临床效果。方法:将92例病人按入院的先后分为治疗组(n1=50)和对照组(n2=42),两组病人在内科综合治疗的同时治疗组行腹膜透析。结果:治疗组在提高治愈率、降低死亡率诸方面优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腹膜透析治疗ARF临床效果显著,早期行腹膜透析能改善预后。 相似文献
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1 病历摘要例1,患者男,38岁,入院前10天因不慎被车挤压腰部及腹部,诊断为“骨盆骨折,肾挫伤”,收住骨科治疗,一周后出现腹胀、腹膨隆、呼吸困难、全身浮肿,尿量逐渐减少至无尿,住院第10天诊断为“急性呼衰、急性肾衰、腹膜后血肿”,在应用呼吸机、呼吸 相似文献
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腹膜透析在肾功能衰竭伴大量腹水患者中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨腹膜透析在肾功能衰竭(肾衰)伴大量腹水患者中的应用价值。方法 选择伴大量腹水及低蛋白血症的慢性肾衰患者,在给予内科综合治疗同时,先给予间歇性腹膜透析(IPD),2周后转为持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)。观察患者自觉症状及浮肿等体征的改善情况,测定CAPD治疗前、治疗1个月后血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、白蛋白(Alb)、总蛋白(TP)、血红蛋白(Hb)等指标的变化情况。结果 患者经腹膜透析后自觉症状均明显好转,食欲改善,浮肿逐渐消退,并发渗漏1例,改血液透析1例。患者透析后Cr、BUN明显下降(P〈0.05),Hb明显上升(P〈0.05),β2-MG、PTH、Alb、TP的差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论 腹膜透析是治疗慢性肾衰伴大量腹水、低蛋白血症的一种有效手段。 相似文献
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目的:探讨肝硬化并发多脏器功能衰竭(MOF)的原因及预防措施。方法:对近10年来收治的67例肝硬化合并多脏器功能衰竭的临床资料进行分析。结果:老年组MOF的发生率、衰竭器官数目及死亡率高于非老年组,病死率与衰竭组器官数目呈正相关。结论:早期诊断,严密监护,积极有效地改善肝细胞功能,加强首衰器官的治疗,是除低MOF病死率、提高治愈率的关键。 相似文献
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我院自1990年1月2002年1月收治重症鱼胆中毒致急性肾功能衰竭伴严重肝损或/和心脏损害符合多脏器功能衰竭病人10例,均以腹膜透析(腹透)方法抢救治疗,取得良好疗效,现报道如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料本文10例,男6例,女4例,年龄28岁~63岁,平均42岁。10例均以生食鱼胆后出现消化道症状。次日 相似文献
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多系统器官衰竭 (MSOF) ,又称多器官衰竭 ,是指病人因严重感染、创伤、失血、大手术等应激状态下机体出现的两个以上的脏器同时或先后发生的功能衰竭 ,涉及心、肝、脑、肺、肾以及胃肠、代谢、凝血、免疫等各系统功能。据文献报道 ,2个器官受累死亡率为 4 4%~ 6 0 % ,4个以上器官受累死亡率为10 0 % [1] 。我院 2 0 0 0年 12月成功抢救了 1例MSOF ,即 4个脏器受累的病人 ,就此例MSOF病人抢救成功的护理体会作以下介绍。患者女性 ,4 5岁。入院诊断为慢性肾功能不全 ,尿毒症。于 2 0 0 0年 11月 11日行肾移植手术 ,术后第 6天出… 相似文献
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目的:探讨腹膜透析治疗急性肾功能衰竭并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的疗效。方法:对46例急性肾功能衰竭并MODS女性患者在病因治疗的基础上,采用间断性不卧床腹膜透析。结果:治疗后血肌酐、血尿素氮明显降低,血碳酸氢根离子、血钾离子及血钠离子全部得到纠正。2个器官功能障碍36例,存活32例,存活率为88.89%;3个器官功能障碍9例,存活率为66.67%;3个器官以上器官功能障碍2例,均未存活。总存活率为82.61%。结论:腹膜透析能有效地清除急性肾功能衰竭并MODS患者体内毒素,纠正酸碱平衡失调及电解质平衡紊乱,提高存活率,是抢救急性肾功能衰竭并MODS的有效方法。 相似文献
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我院自 1979年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 3月采用腹膜透析(PD)治疗小儿急性肾功衰竭 (ARF) 38例 ,慢性肾功衰竭 (CRF) 7例 ,共 4 5例 ,现报告如下 ,并对小儿PD有关问题进行讨论。1 资料与方法1·1 临床资料 本组 4 5例 ,男 32例 ,女 13例 ,平均年龄 (8 8± 3 1)岁 (4月~ 13岁 ) ,原发病 :急进性肾炎8例 (6例肾活检新月体 80 %以上 ) ,先天心直视手术后ARF 4例 ,庆大霉素中毒 3例 ,肾综、狼疮性肾炎、蘑菇中毒、败血症、急性肾炎、紫癜性肾炎 (其中 1例为新月体性肾炎 )各 2例。Ⅲ度烧灼休克、蜂蛰、汞中毒、脑炎疫苗注射后、挤压综… 相似文献
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腹膜透析在肾功能衰竭伴大量腹水患者中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨腹膜透析在肾功能衰竭(肾衰)伴大量腹水患者中的应用价值。方法选择伴大量腹水及低蛋白血症的慢性肾衰患者,在给予内科综合治疗同时,先给予间歇性腹膜透析(IPD),2周后转为持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)。观察患者自觉症状及浮肿等体征的改善情况,测定CAPD治疗前、治疗1个月后血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、白蛋白(Alb)、总蛋白(TP)、血红蛋白(Hb)等指标的变化情况。结果患者经腹膜透析后自觉症状均明显好转,食欲改善,浮肿逐渐消退,并发渗漏1例,改血液透析1例。患者透析后Cr、BUN明显下降(P<0.05),Hb明显上升(P<0.05),β2-MG、PTH、Alb、TP的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹膜透析是治疗慢性肾衰伴大量腹水、低蛋白血症的一种有效手段。 相似文献
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多器官功能衰竭(MOFF)是指在脏器功能低下或多种慢性疾病的基础上,由某种诱因所致的两个或两个以上器官在短时间内同时或相继不能维持其正常的功能,它可以并发于多种疾病。急性脑血管病(ACVD)伴有MOFF会加重病情,形成恶性循环,大大增加死亡率,而其发生是由多种因素所致,一旦发生则很难挽救患者生命,因此在ACVD早期的预防和护理致关重要。 相似文献
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杨晓熹 《中国慢性病预防与控制》2003,11(3):128-128
多脏器功能衰竭 (MOF)是现代医学中出现的一个新的概念和综合征〔1〕。它可以并发于多种疾病 ,而急性脑血管病(ACVD)并发 MOF报道较少 ,现将我科在 1998年 1月~ 2 0 0 0年 6月收治的 5 6例 ACVD合并 MOF患者的回顾性分析报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组 5 6例 ,男性 30例 ,女性 2 6例 ,年龄 6 0~ 89岁 ,平均 70 .4岁。病程 2~ 90天。脑出血 2 4例 ;脑梗死 2 8例 ,多为大面积梗死及多发性梗死 ,蛛网膜下腔出血 4例 ,均由脑 CT确诊。1.2 既往病史 高血压病 4 6例 ,冠心病2 1例 ,脑梗死 2 4例 ,脑出血 4例 ,糖尿病12例 … 相似文献
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目的 研究持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效分析.方法 将16例确诊为慢性肾功能衰竭的患者,采用Tenckhoff氏导管手术切开腹壁插管法.结果 本组16例共透析1571个透析日,经透析后能迅速纠正高血钾、高血压及急性左心衰、尿毒症症状明显好转,血液生化检查尿素氮(BUN)由透析前平均42.52 mmol/L降至15.5 mmol/L,血肌酐(Cr)由透析前平均1 485 μmol/L降至798 μmol/L.结论 CAPD对于急慢性肾衰等的治疗具有肯定的使用价值,且较经济,值得临床推广. 相似文献
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作者曾对 2例 60岁老年多囊肾终末期肾衰患者行不卧床持续性腹膜透析 (CAPD)治疗 ,疗效较满意 ,现报告如下。1 病例报告例 1,男 ,67岁 ,因反复乏务、头昏、伴血尿 4年加重半月于 1998年 10月 3日入院。有多囊肾家族史。体检 :神清 ,体温 37 3℃ ,脉搏 92次 /min ,呼吸 2 3次 /min ,血压 2 4 / 14kPa ,中度贫血外貌 ,心浊音界向左下扩大 ,HR92次 /min ,律不齐 ,早搏 1~ 3次 /min ,心前区SMⅡ级 ,双肾肿大可扪及 ,双下肢有凹陷性水肿。化验 :Hb71g/L ,尿蛋白 ( +) ,红细胞 ( ) ,Scr 10 2 3μmol/L ,BU… 相似文献
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M.Adolph 《中华临床营养杂志》2001,9(2):95-96
The problems of inflammation and infection leading to organ dysfunction and failure continue to be the major concerns after injury and operations and with the intensive care for many diseases and problems.When systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) goes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and multiple organ failure (MOF),the mortality ecomes high,ranging from 30-80% depending on the number of failed organs.In MOF or MODS respiratory failure develops with the need for ventilaroty support,accompanied by circulatory instability with depression of cardiac output and a decrease in peripheral resistance,depression of the immune system,coagulation defects,gastrointestinal problems,a rising bilirubin denoting hepatic dysfunction and central nervous depression.The elevation in whole body protein turnover after sepsis and trauma usually is accompanied by an increase in metabolic rate Hepatic output of acute phase proteins rises,lean tissue is catabolized to provide energy substrates for wound and inflammatory tissue.Plasma proteins drop due to inhibition of hepathic synthesis,an increase in capillary permeability,and the dilutional effect of extracellular fluid expansion can be observed.Muscle protein synthesis seems to be decreased.These changes are driven by a combination of the counterregulatory hormones (catecholamines,glucagon,cortisol,growth hormone) and the direct and indirect actions fo the various inflammatory mediators (IL-1,IL-6,and TNF),prostaglandins and kallikreins.The changes in whole body protein turnover seen in MOF are similar to those described in overt sepsis and severe trauma:both synthesis and degradation are elevated,with a higher rate of degradation.This situation result in a loss of body mass, predominantly lean tissue.Although it is not oftern possible to identify the orgin of the “sepsis”,it must be reasonable to regard patients with MOF metabolically as “severely septic”.In recent years,the gastrointestinal tract was thought to be the ongoing inflammatory stimulus and the cause of MOF.In the presence of sepsis and shock and lack of nutrient intake,endotoxin and bacteria translocate from the lumen of the gut into the portal and systemic circulations and set up a systemic inflammatory reaction with release of inflammatory mediators.The evidence for the gastrointestinal tract as the “motor”for MOF,however,is derived largely from animal work,and the direct evidence duppotyinh gut permeability as a cause of MOF in man is less convincing,although early and aggressive enteral feeding afger major abdominal injury has been shown to diminish the incidence of major septic complications.On the other hand,there are problems associated with enteral feeding in MOF.This is due sometimes to local damage from peritoneal sepsis but often from deleterious effects of high levels of sympathetic activation on the gastrointestinal tract,combined with some fo the sedative and cardiovascular drugs used to facilitate artificial ventilation or to support the cardiovascular system that also adversely affect gastrointestinal motility.The use of parnteral nutrition in combination with the so-called minimal enteral nutritional support in critically ill patients is mandatory in order to preserve organ function and to avoid deleterious side effects.This strategy of combining the two ways of artificial nutrition is based on the idea to use the gut,if it works,and to complete the full range of essential nutrient supply by the parenteral route.As energy donors,lipid emulsions are an integral element of parenteral nutrition regiments for critically ill patients.Moreover lipids are not only structural building blocks of cells and tissues but at the same time suppliers of C atoms for a number of biosynthetic pathways as well as carriers of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.In addition,faty acids are precursors of prostaglandins other eicosanoids and therefore have important metabolic functions.Over the years,for the supply of lipids in the filed of parenteral nutrition,different concepts have been developed.Lipid emulsions derived from soybean or safflower oil contain excessive quantities of PUFA and insufficient amounts of α-tocopherol.Their parenteral use can rapidly lead to an unbalanced pattern of eicosanoids and is associated with an increased production of peroxidative catabolites.In order to avoid negative effects from these metabolic procucts,it is recommended to use preparations with a reduced content of PUFA in combination with an enrichment in α-tocopherol.Indeed the physical mixture of MCT and LCT is a well-proven concept in the parenteral nutrition of critically ill patients.Having a demonstrably higher utilization rate,MCT-containing lipid emulsions do not impair liver function,produce less immune and no RES function compromise,and do not interfere with pulmonary hemodynmics or gas exchange.Newer preparations based on structured triglycenrides or lilve oil appear to achieve the same goal,I.e.reducing the n- PUFA intake.These new lipid emulsions are safe and wel tolerated.Further studies are necessary to investigate potential benefits compared to the physical mixture of MCT/LCT in a clinical environment.A promising substrato in the evolution of parenteral lipid emulsions can be seen in fish oils (n-3 fatty acids).Their fixed combination in a physical mixture of MCT/LCT displays a great number of fascinating aspects.With regard to current literature,n-3 fatty acids have a beneficial influence on the pathophysiological response to dndotoxins and exert important modulations on eicosanoid and cytokine biology.Furthermore their intravenous use may improve organ perfusion in different critical situations. 相似文献