香茅草研究概述

概述香茅草的提取方法、化学成分和药理作用的研究现状,为进一步开发利用香茅草提供依据。     

积雪草的研究进展

积雪草具有悠久的应用历史,且在多国范围内应用普遍,主要含有三萜及其苷类、多炔类、挥发油、黄酮类、生物碱、氨基酸等主要有效成分。其药理作用包括抑制瘢痕增生及修复皮肤损伤、免疫调节与神经保护、抗溃疡及抗菌、消炎、镇痛、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤等。积雪草茶具有广泛的功效,可加大推广力度。     

石崖茶的研究进展

石崖茶是自然植物中黄酮类含量高的植物,具有消炎、解毒、止血和降压、镇静、安神等功效,民间常用以治疗腮腺炎和痢疾、高血压。本文就石崖茶化学成分、药理活性和开发现状作一综述,为进一步开发石崖茶提供参考。     

肾茶的研究进展

肾茶为唇形科肾茶属clerodendranthus植物,又名猫须草,全世界约5种,我国仅有一种即肾茶[C.Spicatus (Thunb).C.Y.Wu],主产广西、广东、云南、福建、台湾等地.民间认为全草有利尿、抗菌、消炎、溶石、排石作用,常用于急、慢性肾炎、膀胱炎、尿路结石、咽炎及风湿性关节炎.下面就近年来肾茶研究进展包括化学成分、泌尿系统疾病的临床应用及药理作用进展作一简述.     

普洱茶活性成分药理作用研究进展

普洱茶含有多种化学成分,其中大部分具有明显的药理活性。本文从普洱茶的概念、化学成分、加工特点、药理作用、临床应用等多方面作了阐述。临床应用结果已证实普洱茶是对人类有益的制品,科学选料、加工、贮放是提高普洱茶品质的重要方法和手段。     

山茱萸化学及药理研究进展

山茱萸为山茱萸科落叶小乔木植物山茱萸(Cornus officinalis sieb.et zuce.)的干燥成熟果肉,其味酸、涩,性温,归肝、肾经。功能补益肝肾、涩精缩尿、敛汗固脱。临床上既可治疗肾虚之遗精滑泄、腰膝酸软、头晕耳鸣等症,又可用于大汗欲脱或久病虚脱之急证,是中医常用的滋补良药。现就有关山茱萸近10年的化学及药理研究的进展总结如下。 1 化学成分 据报道,山茱萸果肉中的主要成分为多糖、有机酸、酚类、环烯醚萜类、皂苷、鞣质、氨基酸、挥发油和维生素A、B1、C及微量元素等。①有机酸及酯类:没食子酸、苹果酸、酒石酸[1]、原儿茶酸和3…     

不同产地香茅草的质量评价

目的：对不同产地的香茅草质量进行综合评价,为香茅草的质量监控提供理论依据。方法：收集不同产地的香茅草样品14份,建立气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS）测定香茅草中香茅醛、香茅醇及香叶醇3种成分的含量,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定香茅草中33种农药残留,参照2020版《中华人民共和国药典》方法测定水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分,并参照食品安全国家标准对总汞、总砷、铅及镉进行检测。结果：14份香茅草样品的香茅醛含量为14.3～494.0 mg/kg,香茅醇含量为15.8～204.9 mg/kg,香叶醇含量为63.5～838.7 mg/kg,水分含量为8.21%～10.74%,总灰分含量为6.56%～7.72%,酸不溶性灰分含量为0.89%～1.26%,总汞未检出,总砷为0.0386～0.179 mg/kg,铅为0.0685～1.04 mg/kg,镉为0.0460～0.331 mg/kg, 3批样品检出农药残留,其中1个样品检出咪鲜胺（3.12 mg/kg）、多菌灵（0.0518 mg/kg）、吡虫啉（0.0351 mg/kg）、烯酰吗啉（17.6 mg/kg）和甲...     

艾烟的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

艾叶是我国劳动人民认识和应用较早的药物 ,是中医临床常用药之一。现代有关艾叶的研究较为深入 ,发现艾叶除了含有主要成分挥发油外 ,还含有鞣质、黄酮、甾醇、多糖、微量元素及其他有机成分等。在药理研究方面发现艾叶有抗菌、抗病毒、平喘、镇咳、祛痰、抗过敏、止血和抗凝血、增强免疫功能、护肝利胆、解热镇静、抑制心脏收缩及降压等作用。临床广泛应用于治疗妇科疾病如崩漏、痛经、宫外孕、胎动不安等 ;呼吸系统疾病如支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺结核、感冒、鼻炎等 ;消化系统疾病如肝炎、痢疾、泄泻、胃痛、消化道出血等 ;风湿痹痛类疾…     

薤白的研究进展及开发前景

从本草考证、化学成分、药理研究、临床应用等方面综述了薤白的研究进展，并对其开发前景提出了设想及展望。     

青皮的化学及药理作用研究进展

综述了青皮的化学成分及其对心血管、消化、呼吸系统等多方面药理作用的研究进展。     

Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., commonly known as lemon grass and used, over many years, for medicinal purposes in West Africa, produces a volatile oil on steam extraction of its leaves. The antibacterial properties of the essential oil have been studied. These activities are shown in two of the three main components of the oil identified through chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. While the alpha-citral (geranial) and beta-citral (neral) components individually elicit antibacterial action on gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, the third component, myrcene, did not show observable antibacterial activity on its own. However, myrcene provided enhanced activities when mixed with either of the other two main components identified.     

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fresh leaf aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. in rats

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the single, daily oral dosing of 125-500 mg/kg of fresh leaf aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (CCi) in normal, male Wistar rats for 42 days. The average weights of rats per group were taken at 2 weeks interval for 42 days. On day 43, blood samples from the rats were collected for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) assays through cardiac puncture under halothane anesthesia. Acute oral dose toxicity study of CCi was also conducted using limit dose test of the Up and Down Procedure statistical program (AOT425StatPgm, Version 1.0) at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight/oral route. Our results showed CCi to lower FPG and lipid parameters dose dependently (p<0.05) while raising the plasma HDL-c level (p<0.05) in same dose-related fashion but with no effect on plasma triglycerides level (p>0.05). Results of acute oral toxicity showed CCi to be of low toxicity and as such could be considered relatively safe on acute exposure. Thus, confirming its folkloric use and safety in suspected Type 2 diabetic patients.     

Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans

A herbal tea (called an abafado in Brazil) prepared from the dried leaves of lemongrass was administered to healthy volunteers. Following a single dose or 2 weeks of daily oral administration, the abafado produced no changes in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, LDH and CPK. Urine analysis (proteins, glucose, ketones, bilirubins, occult blood and urobilinogen) as well as EEG and EKG showed no abnormalities. There were slight elevations of direct bilirubin and of amylase in some of the volunteers, but without any clinical manifestation. These results taken together indicate that lemongrass as used in Brazilian folk medicine is not toxic for humans. The eventual hypnotic effect of lemongrass was investigated in 50 volunteers who ingested samples of lemongrass and a placebo under double-blind conditions. The parameters (i.e. sleep induction, sleep quality, dream recall and rewakening) did not show any effect of lemongrass as compared to the placebo. Eighteen subjects with high scores of trait-anxiety were submitted to an anxiety-inducing test following taking lemongrass or placebo under double-blind conditions. Their anxiety levels were similar, indicating that the abafado of the plant does not have anxiolytic properties. It is concluded that lemongrass, one of the most popular Brazilian herbal medicines, used for its alleged CNS-depressant effects, is atoxic but lacks hypnotic or anxiolytic properties.     

Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals

Cymbopogon citratus is one of the most used plants in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of nervous and gastrointestinal disturbances. It is also used in many other places to treat feverish conditions. The usual way to use it is by ingesting an infusion made by pouring boiling water on fresh or dried leaves (which is called "abafado" in Portuguese). Abafados obtained from lemongrass harvested in three different areas of Brazil (Ceará, Minas Gerais and S?o Paulo States) were tested on rats and mice in an attempt to add experimental confirmation to its popular medicinal use. Citral, the main constituent of the essential oil in Brazilian lemongrass, was also studied for comparison. Oral doses of abafados up to 40 times (C40) larger than the corresponding dosage taken by humans, or of 200 mg/kg of citral, were unable to decrease body temperature of normal rats and/or rats made hyperthermic by previous administration of pyrogen. However, both compounds acted when injected by intraperitoneal route. Oral administration of doses C20 -C100 of abafados and 200 mg/kg of citral did not change the intestinal transit of a charcoal meal in mice, nor did it decrease the defecation scores of rats in an open-field arena. Again, by intraperitoneal route both compounds were active. The possible central nervous system depressant effect of the abafados was investigated by using batteries of 12 tests designed to detect general depressant, hypnotic, neuroleptic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects. In all the tests employed, oral doses of abafados up to C208 or of citral up to 200 mg/kg were without effect. Only in a few instances did intraperitoneal doses demonstrate effects. These data do no lend support to the popular oral therapeutic use of lemongrass to treat nervous and intestinal ailments and feverish conditions.     

滇桂艾纳香研究进展

全面概述了滇桂艾纳香生药学、化学成分、药理与临床应用方面的研究。为滇桂艾纳香的进一步开发与研究提供了科学依据。     

香茅抗炎药理作用研究进展

香茅在我国用药历史悠久,临床应用广泛;对现代医学炎症相关疾病和症状,内服外用均疗效显著。梳理香茅的古代本草文献及近现代科研临床文献,总结了香茅的化学成分,综述国内外香茅抗菌、抗炎的药理作用及其机制的研究进展。发现了香茅对于炎症起效的成分在不同提取方法的提取物中有所不同。香茅抗真菌的药理机制与其影响细胞壁、细胞膜和生物膜的结构和功能,并抑制蛋白酶从而发挥切断真菌-皮肤联系的作用有关。香茅抗细菌的药理作用机制与其破坏细菌的细胞膜和抑制代谢有关的酶和蛋白质有关。香茅抗炎的药理作用机制与其影响诱生型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS） 的表达,影响蛋白激酶的磷酸化,抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α） 相关信号通路和具有抗氧化作用相关。     

铁包金的研究进展

综述了民族药——铁包金的化学成分、药理作用和繁殖等方面的研究进展。     

Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). II. Effects of daily two month administration in male and female rats and in offspring exposed "in utero"

An infusion (abafado) prepared from leaves of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) administered orally to adult rats for 2 months, in doses up to 20 times larger than the estimated corresponding human dosage, did not induce any effect which could be taken as evidence of toxicity. An absence of effects was also noted in male and female rats and in their offspring when the abafado was administered prior to mating or during pregnancy. These data strongly suggest that lemongrass, as used in Brazilian folk medicine, has no toxic properties.     

Antinociceptive effect of the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus in mice

The essential oil (EO) from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus increased the reaction time to thermal stimuli both after oral (25 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal (25–100 mg/kg) administration. EO (50–200 mg/kg, p.o. or i.p.) strongly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhings in mice. In the formalin test, EO (50 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited preferentially the second phase of the response, causing inhibitions of 100 and 48% at 200 mg/kg, i.p. and 100 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. On the other hand, the opioid antagonist naloxone blocked the central antinociceptive effect of EO, suggesting that EO acts both at peripheral and central levels.