镜像疗法同步气动式手康复装置对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者的疗效研究

目的:探讨镜像疗法同步气动式手康复装置对脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)患者的手肿胀程度、疼痛程度、手功能及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法:将48例脑卒中后肩手综合征患者随机分为对照组、观察组各24例。2组均进行常规康复治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上加入气动手治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上进行镜像疗法及气动手同步治疗,2组均进行4周的干预治疗,在干预前后,采用手肿胀程度评估(掌指关节、8字缠绕法围度)、视觉模拟评估法(VAS)、上田敏手功能分级(MFT)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评估患者手肿胀程度、疼痛程度、运动功能及日常生活活动能力。结果:治疗4周后,与组内治疗前比较,2组患者上田敏手功能分级评分、MBI、VAS评分均明显提高,手肿胀程度减轻(P<0.05),且观察组上田敏手功能分级、MBI、手肿胀程度改善效果优于对照组(P<0.05),在VAS评分方面,治疗后2组差异无统计学意义。结论:采用镜像疗法及气动式手康复装置同步治疗有利于提升患者日常生活活动能力及手功能,降低手肿胀程度。     

中医针灸结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效分析

目的 探究中医针灸结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征（SHS）的临床疗效,为临床提供参考。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年4月淄川区医院收治的78例脑卒中后SHS患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各39例。对照组患者给予常规康复训练治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上给予中医针灸治疗。比较两组患者疼痛程度、上肢功能状况及上臂周径。结果 治疗后,两组患者在屈曲、外展、外旋及内旋的疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组患者简化上肢运动评价量表（Fugl-Meyer）评分高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组患者上臂周径均小于治疗前,且观察组小于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 对脑卒中后SHS患者给予中药针灸和康复训练,可有效改善上肢的活动能力,降低疼痛程度,减轻患肢水肿。     

中药内服外熏蒸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征37例临床观察

目的:观察中药内服外熏蒸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)37例临床疗效。方法:将74例纳入观察的SHS患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均接受常规治疗和康复护理,观察组在此基础上口服中药通络化痰方,并予以中药熏蒸,4周后对比疗效。结果:两组患者经治疗后视角疼痛评分(VAS)明显下降,而Fugl-Meyer评定(FMA)评分明显上升,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组组间对比,观察组的VAS评分低于对照组,而FMA评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者经治疗后全血高切还原黏度、血浆黏度及血小板聚集率均明显下降,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组的三项指标均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中药内服外熏蒸治疗SHS能进一步提高疗效,改善患者的疼痛和运动功能障碍。     

综合康复措施联合ɑ-硫辛酸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察综合康复措施联合ɑ-硫辛酸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)的临床疗效。方法:选择脑卒中后肩手综合征患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,2组均给予常规综合康复治疗,观察组在此基础上增加ɑ-硫辛酸治疗。比较2组治疗前、后上肢运动功能(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、水肿程度、改良Barthel指数(MBI)和临床疗效。结果:治疗4周后,2组FMA、MBI评分较治疗前均显著提高(P0.05),观察组高于对照组(P0.05);2组VAS评分及肿胀程均较治疗显著降低(P0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:综合康复措施联合ɑ-硫辛酸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征具有协同作用,能提高康复疗效,促进肢体功能恢复。     

平衡针刺及功能训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征

目的:探讨平衡针刺结合功能训练对脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)的作用。方法:脑卒中偏瘫并发SHS患者64例,随机分为3组,A组21例采用常规康复训练治疗;B组21例取偏瘫、肩痛及升提穴平衡针刺治疗;C组22例按A、B组方案综合治疗。结果:治疗2周后,采用简化Fugl-Meyer(FMA)及简易上肢功能检查量表(STEF)评定上肢及手的功能,3组患者均较治疗前明显提高,C组明显优于A、B组(均P0.05),A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义;疼痛状况(PPI)评分,3组比治疗前均明显下降,C组低于A、B组(均P0.05);A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:平衡针刺结合功能训练可提高脑卒中后SHS的治疗效果,加快患者上肢功能的恢复。     

综合康复训练联合肌内效贴布对脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期的疗效观察

目的:观察综合康复训练联合肌内效贴布对脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期的疗效。方法:60例脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组进行综合康复训练,包括良肢位的摆放、主被动运动、神经发育疗法、向心性压迫缠绕、运动想象疗法等,观察组在此基础上给予肌内效贴布治疗。治疗前及治疗4周后分别采用视觉模拟评分、排水法、Fugl-Meyer量表和Barthel指数评定上肢疼痛、肿胀、运动功能和日常生活活动能力。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者的疼痛、肿胀评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);2组患者的Fugl-Meyer评分、Barthel指数评分均较治疗前明显提高(均P0.05),且观察组高于对照组(均P0.05);2组临床疗效比较,观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:综合康复训练联合肌内效贴布能改善患者疼痛,缓解肿胀,是改善肩手综合征的有效方法。     

蜡疗结合气压治疗肩手综合征的观察

目的观察蜡疗结合气压治疗肩手综合征的效果。方法选取60例脑卒中后肩手综合征患者,采用STATA程序随机分配为观察组和对照组,对照组30例实施常规康复方法和气压治疗,观察组30例在对照组治疗基础上结合蜡疗。结果治疗前两组疼痛数字评分和手部肿胀程度比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组和对照组相对治疗前疼痛和手部肿胀有明显改善,但观察组的治疗效果明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论蜡疗结合气压治疗可以更有效的改善脑卒中后肩手综合征。     

中药薰蒸结合电针对预防脑卒中患者肩手综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨中药薰蒸结合电针对预防脑卒中肩手综合征的临床效果。方法选取2015年7月-2017年1月在我院治疗的脑卒中肩手综合征患者80例,按入院先后顺序将患者分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练基础上实施中药熏蒸结合电针治疗,每周5次,两组治疗均以2周为1个疗程,采用视觉模拟量表、改良的Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表和改良Barthel指数评定量表对患者上肢疼痛程度、运动功能评定以及日常生活能力进行评价,并比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗前两组疼痛评分、上肢Fugl-Meyer记分以及ADL评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组疼痛评分、上肢Fugl-Meyer记分以及ADL评分均较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组评分优于对照组(P0.05)。结论中药薰蒸结合电针明显减少脑卒中肩手综合征患者的肩痛程度,提高患者的上肢运动功能、日常生活能力和生活质量。     

雷火灸结合TENS对脑卒中后肩手综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察雷火灸结合经皮神经电刺激(TENS)治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效.方法:选取符合标准的40例肩-手综合征患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各20例,对照组在常规康复治疗的基础上予以TENS,观察组在对照组的基础上予以雷火灸治疗.共治疗4周,分别在治疗前、治疗2周后、治疗4周后进行VAS评分(患肢被动活动时最大疼痛评分)、手部肿胀分级评定、上肢FMA.结果:治疗2周后,对照组患者的VAS评分明显改善(P＜0.05),手部肿胀分级、上肢FMA评分有所改善,但不明显(P＞0.05),治疗4周后,2组患者的VAS评分、手部肿胀分级、上肢FMA评分较治疗前改善明显且观察组较对照组改善明显(P＜0.05).结论:雷火灸结合TENS能改善脑卒中后肩手综合征患者的疼痛和肿胀程度,在改善疼痛和肿胀的同时,促进了患者上肢运动功能的恢复.     

康复训练联合新型蜡疗对脑卒中后肩—手综合征的临床价值

目的探讨在康复训练的基础上联合新型蜡疗手段对脑卒中后肩-手综合征患者的临床应用价值。方法选取该院2015年3月至2016年10月收治的60例脑卒中后肩-手综合征患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,对照组患者(30例)采用常规康复训练干预,研究组患者(30例)在对照组的基础上联合新型蜡疗手段干预,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,采取视觉模拟评分法(VAS)检测患者干预前和干预后2、4周手腕部及肩部疼痛程度,Fugl-Meyer(FMA)评分评价患侧上肢及手功能,表面肌电(sEMG)检测患侧旋前圆肌和三角肌肌力,并对两组患者干预前后日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分情况和干预满意度进行比较。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率为100.00%,高于对照组的86.67%(P0.05);干预前两组患者VAS、FMA、ADL评分及sEMG结果差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),干预后2、4周两组患者各项评价较干预前改善,且研究组改善优于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者干预满意度为96.67%,高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论康复训练联合新型蜡疗对脑卒中后肩-手综合征患者的临床应用价值较高,疼痛降低,上肢功能恢复更好,肌力改善,生活能力提高,满意度较高,可在临床推广及应用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.