不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱研究及2种黄酮成分含量测定

目的 建立不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱,并测定其中2种黄酮成分的含量。方法 采用HPLC-DAD技术,以Dikma Spursil C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-0.2%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,建立锁阳药材的指纹图谱并进行含量测定;采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）对12批样品进行共有峰确认及相似度评价;通过SPSS 21.0统计软件采用聚类分析（CA）和主成分分析（PCA）对HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别研究。结果 建立了锁阳药材指纹图谱,12批锁阳药材的相似度均>0.90;确定共有峰22个,并对其中儿茶素、根皮苷含量进行测定,其含量均值分别为0.320,0.057 mg·g^-1。CA将不同批次锁阳药材分为4类,反映了12个不同产区锁阳药材的质量特征;通过PCA筛选出累计贡献率达到89.349%的5个主成分,得到决定锁阳药材质量的4个化学成分。结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合含量测定、CA、PCA方法可以客观、全面、有效地用于锁阳药材的质量评价。     

注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱研究

目的 采用高效液相色谱法建立注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱,并对2015—2016年制备的40批注射用五味子提取物进行指纹图谱相似度分析。方法 试验考察了不同流动相组成和浓度、不同检测波长、不同洗脱方法、不同品牌C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）、不同流速、不同柱温等条件下供试品溶液的色谱行为,利用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对试验所得色谱图进行相似度分析。结果 确定了高效液相色谱检测条件,建立了20批注射用五味子提取物的对照指纹图谱（相似度不低于0.991）,确定了12个共有峰,并对5个共有峰进行了指认,其余20批供试品与对照图谱的相似度均值为0.994。结论 本试验建立的注射用五味子提取物指纹图谱可以为其质量控制提供科学的依据,为完善注射用益气复脉（冻干）质量标准提供数据支持。     

黄芩药材指纹图谱研究

摘 要 目的: 建立院内制剂生产采购黄芩药材的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为制剂内在质量评价积累数据。方法: 采用HPLC方法,以SHIMADZU VP-ODS C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相甲醇-0.2%磷酸水(47∶53)等度洗脱;检测波长为280 nm;柱温为30℃;流量为1.0 ml·min^-1,进样量:5 μl。结果:建立黄芩药材指纹图谱,以5号色谱峰黄芩苷为参照峰,确定10个共有峰,测定了11批样品,样品指纹图谱相似度均大于0.8。结论:从整体上显示了购进的不同批次黄芩药材成分特征变化趋势,建立的HPLC指纹图谱方法为含黄芩的院内制剂质量控制提供有效手段。     

牛黄清感胶囊HPLC特征指纹图谱研究及多成分含量测定

目的 建立牛黄清感胶囊HPLC指纹图谱，并测定其中7种有效成分的含量。方法 采用HPLC，色谱柱为Agilent SB-C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），以乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱；检测波长210 nm；柱温30℃。采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004 A版）"进行相似度分析，并对指认的7个指标成分进行定量测定研究。结果 在特征图谱研究中，共确定牛黄清感胶囊HPLC指纹图谱22个共有峰，通过与对照品比较指认其中7个共有峰分别为绿原酸、咖啡酸、木犀草苷、黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷和汉黄芩素，利用相似度软件对12批样品指纹图谱进行分析，各批样品相似度均>0.90。定量分析条件通过方法学验证，平均加样回收率为99.1%~104.8%，RSD为1.30%~1.88%。结论 所建立的HPLC指纹图谱和含量测定分析方法可用于牛黄清感胶囊质量控制。     

不同产地乳香指纹图谱的研究

摘 要 目的：建立乳香药材的HPLC特征图谱。方法: 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SBC18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：乙腈 0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长：270 nm;柱温：30℃;进样量：10 μl。对不同产地的乳香进行特征指纹图谱考察,并采用“中药色谱特征图谱相似度评价系统”（2012版）对其进行相似度分析。结果:建立了乳香高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究方法,并确定了指纹图谱中10个共有峰,14批乳香药材中12批药材相似度大于0.95。结论:该方法简单、快速、重复性好,为质量控制和评价标准提供了充分的依据。     

ASE-HPLC测定仙茅中仙茅苷的含量及其指纹图谱研究

目的 获得仙茅药材的HPLC指纹图谱,同时研究快速萃取仙茅中仙茅苷及其含量测定的方法,为其质量控制提供依据。方法 采用正交试验优选ASE 350快速溶剂萃取系统的最佳提取方法,采用HPLC测定仙茅苷的量,色谱柱为Thermo Syncronis C₁₈（100 mm×3 mm,3 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.5 mL·min^-1,检测波长为285 nm,柱温为40℃。指纹图谱共有模式采用国家药典委员会中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2.0版）进行处理分析。结果 采用萃取温度100℃、静态萃取时间5 min、循环提取2次的快速提取方法最优。在指纹图谱研究中,标定了15个共有峰,建立了对照指纹图谱,20批药材与共有模式之间相似性良好,相似度均>0.9。结论 本方法快速、准确,可用于仙茅药材的综合质量评价。     

温经汤高效液相色谱指纹图谱的建立

目的 建立古代经典名方温经汤HPLC-DAD指纹图谱检测方法。方法 采用RP-HPLC-DAD法,利用Waters Xselect HSS T₃色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温25℃,流速0.8 ml/min,波长254 nm,选取甘草酸铵为参照峰,分析10批次温经汤水煎液的HPLC指纹图谱,并使用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对指纹图谱相似度进行评价。结果 在温经汤水煎液指纹图谱中标定了39个共有峰,指认了6个共有峰,10批样品指纹图谱相似度均>0.98,不同批次间差异较小。结论 该方法灵敏度高、稳定性强,数据准确可靠,基本体现了温经汤的整体化学成分特征,可用于温经汤开发的质量控制。     

杨树花高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立杨树花HPLC指纹图谱以控制杨树花质量。方法 采用HPLC对10批不同产地的杨树花进行指纹图谱构建和方法学考察,运用指纹图谱参数共有峰和相似度进行分析,并对图谱进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 建立了杨树花HPLC指纹图谱评价方法,确定了Unitary C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5µm）色谱柱和乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相洗脱系统,在290 nm检测波长下优化了梯度洗脱程序,得到了峰形、分离度较理想的色谱图。通过杨树花HPLC指纹图谱的构建,得到了12个色谱峰,10批杨树花的相似度均在0.9~1.0之间,聚成2类。结论 经方法学考察和统计分析,建立的杨树花HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定、可行。     

不同产地土贝母中皂苷类成分的HPLC特征图谱及3种主要皂苷的含量测定

目的 建立不同产地土贝母药材中皂苷类成分的特征图谱,并测定其中3种主要皂苷的含量,为该药材质量控制提供参考依据。方法 采用Thermo Hypersil GOLD aQ C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min,进样量10 μL,柱温30℃,检测波长214 nm,建立15批土贝母HPLC特征图谱,并进行相似度评价、主成分分析及聚类分析;采用Diamonsil C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-水为流动相进行等度洗脱测定药材中3种皂苷类成分的含量。结果 建立的15批土贝母特征图谱共标定6个共有峰,相似度为0.845～0.98;主成分分析及聚类分析均将15批药材分为两类,与相似度评价结果一致;得到影响药材质量的3个皂苷成分（土贝母苷甲、乙、丙）并对其进行了含量测定,结果 15批药材都符合药典含量限度的要求。结论 本研究所建立的HPLC特征图谱结合含量测定以及相似度评价,主成分分析,聚类分析等评价方法,可以全面、准确和有效地用于土贝母药材的质量评价。     

复方斯亚旦生发油的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立复方斯亚旦生发油的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱，为评价该制剂的整体质量提供依据。方法 采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012年版）对复方斯亚旦生发油的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度评价，并使用SPSS 19.0软件进行聚类分析。结果 选取了8个色谱峰作为指纹图谱共有峰，10批样品的相似度计算结果均>0.95；通过聚类分析可将10批样品聚为4类。结论 建立的复方斯亚旦生发油HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定可行。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

INDIRECT PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF THE CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC SUBSTANCE / -SOTALOLIN VITRO: REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYMES FROM BLOOD AND THE HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Inhibitory effects of the class III antiarrhythmic compound / -sotalol on acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) isoenzymes of both erythrocytes and the human caudate nucleus and on serum cholinesterase (ChE; EC 3.1.1.8) were studiedin vitrousing a spectrophotometric kinetic assay with acetylthiocholine (ASCh) as substrate. Sotalol concentrations in the assays varied from 0.32 to 3.2m . All isoenzymes studied were inhibited by / -sotalol in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. Double reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity against varying ASCh concentrations revealed that / -sotalol reduced substrate affinity (apparent Michaelis constant, KM, increased) of serum ChE, but did not change the enzyme's maximal rate of ASCh hydrolysis (V_max). Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of serum ChE was of the competitive type (rate constant for reversible competitive inhibition: K_i=0.51m ). In contrast, / sotalol reduced the maximal reaction velocity of the AChE isoenzyme from the central nervous system (caudate nucleus), but had no influence on substrate affinity of the enzyme (K_Mwith ASCh unchanged) indicating purely non-competitive inhibition kinetics (rate constant of reversible non-competitive inhibition: K_i′=0.44m ). / -sotalol inhibition of erythrocyte AChE was of mixed competitive/non-competitive type (K_i=0.31m , K_i′=0.49m ). Non-competitive / -sotalol inhibition of caudate nucleus AChE and the non-competitive component of erythrocyte AChE inhibition cannot be overcome by increased concentrations of the cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Peak / -sotalol plasma levels as described in the literature for both humans (15μ ) and experimental animals (dogs: 18μ ; rats: 260μ ) as well as maximal myocardial concentrations of the substance (dogs: 46μ ; rats: 478μ ) are in the range of about 2% to 100% of the sotalol inhibition rate constants determined in the present paper for cholinesterase isoenzymesin vitro. Thus, / -sotalol inhibition of ACh hydrolysisin vivomay contribute to both the well known antiarrhythmic potential and proarrhythmic side effects of the compound.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.