外翻及相关畸形的综合手术治疗探讨

目的:评价综合手术治疗外翻与前足相关畸形的效果.方法:回顾性分析本院收治的中、重度外翻合并前足畸形患者289例307足的临床资料,应用综合矫形手术治疗效果.结果:优良率:85.6%,患者对术后足外形及功能满意,前足痛改善.结论:对于中、重度外翻患者,除纠正趾外展外翻外,还应注意伴发畸形的处理,综合矫形手术不失为一种可以考虑的手术方法.     

(足母)外翻及相关畸形的综合手术治疗探讨

目的：评价综合手术治疗Mu外翻与前足相关畸形的效果。方法：回顾性分析本院收治的中、重度Mu外翻合并前足畸形患者289例307足的临床资料，应用综合矫形手术治疗效果。结果：优良率：85．6％，患者对术后足外形及功能满意，前足痛改善。结论：对于中、重度Mu外翻患者，除纠正Mu趾外展外翻外，还应注意伴发畸形的处理，综合矫形手术不失为一种可以考虑的手术方法。     

改良Keller手术治疗足外翻畸形36例分析

目的探讨改良Keller手术治疗母外翻畸形的临床疗效。方法根据术前对母外翻畸形的评估,从切口的设计、近节趾骨的截骨方式和截除量、跖趾关节两侧力学平衡的矫正和术后的康复等几个方面改良Keller手术。2005年至2009年,采用此改良Keller术式治疗母趾外翻36例（62足）。所有患者均进行随访并获得相应资料,对母趾畸形的矫正程度、疼痛症状的改善及行走功能的恢复等进行充分评估。结果本组患者术后随访1～3年,疗效优46足,良11足,可3足,差2足。总优良率达92%,效果满意。结论改良的Keller手术方法治疗母外翻,尤其是重度外翻畸形患者,能有效改善足部症状,恢复行走功能,并发症较少。     

改良Austin手术治疗(足母)外翻34例62足

[目的]探讨改良Austin手术治疗外翻的手术适应证、手术方法和疗效。[方法]自1998年10月～2006年4月采用改良Austin手术治疗外翻患者34例62足,男13例22足,女21例40足;年龄32～67岁,平均43岁。术前、术后2周、随访时分别摄负重位X线片,测量外翻角(HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)、近端关节固定角(PASA)、远端关节固定角(DASA),并观察其变化和测量角度数据进行对比分析。手术方法根据患者术前症状和测量角度个体化选择Austin手术改良式即chevron-gerbert或chevron-youngswick截骨术。[结果]全部获得随访,随访时间1～8年,平均3.6年;患者外翻角(HVA)术前为33.50°±1.02°,术后为13.6°±0.826°;第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)术前为16.0°±0.837°,术后为8.6°±1.078°;根据美国足与踝关节协会AOFAS制定的足趾功能评分标准评价。AOFAS评分术前为(44.8±5.7)分,术后为(87.6±4.2)分。优46足,良10足,可5足,差1足,优良率90.3%。[结论]改良Austin手术是治疗外翻畸形的一种操作简单、疗效可靠的手术方法。尤其更适合矫正PA-SA增大的重度外翻。对年龄较轻的轻、中度外翻患者手术应尽量不必干扰内收肌和籽骨也可达到矫形的目的。     

小切口翻修术治疗外翻术后复发畸形

趾外展外翻畸形是临床上常见的足结构性畸形，其手术治疗方法虽有 100多种，但至今尚未有一种理想的手术方法 [1－ 3]，且术后常复发畸形。如何治疗外翻术后复发畸形，仍是骨科界探讨的课题。 1993年 5月～ 1999年 2月，我们采用小切口翻修术治疗外翻术后复发畸形 26例 (     

联合趾截骨手术在外翻矫形中的价值

目的探讨趾截骨手术（Akin截骨术）在外翻畸形矫形中的价值。方法我院2010年5月至2011年4月联合使用Akin截骨术治疗外翻患者32例49足。在本组患者中,术前均拍摄患足负重正位X线片,测量外翻角、跖间角、远侧关节固定角,依据跖间角分别采用Chevron截骨术（Austin手术）,跖楔关节融合手术（Lapidus手术）或第一跖骨基底斜楔形截骨（Juvara手术）。术后及随访测量外翻角、跖间角、远侧关节固定角改变。采用AOFAS评分对患足进行功能评价。结果所有患者平均随访12个月。外翻角由术前（39.7±7.5）°纠正为（16.1±7.6）°,P〈0.05,平均纠正（25.9±9.5）°;跖间角由术前（15.4±3.9）°纠正为（7.6±2.5）°,P〈0.05,平均纠正（7.1±3.0）°;远侧关节固定角由术前（6.3±2.7）°纠正为（-5.3±4.0）°,P〈0.05,平均纠正（11.4±4.0）°;AOFAS得分由术前平均43.5分提高至85.6分,P〈0.05。结论 Akin截骨术是外翻矫形程序中的一种辅助手术,可以改善疗效、降低复发率且操作简便、安全。     

收肌与展肌移位吻接重建前足横弓矫治外翻畸形

目的探讨收肌与展肌移位吻接重建前足横弓矫治外翻畸形的疗效。方法回顾分析2010年1月-2014年1月,采用收肌与展肌移位吻接重建前足横弓治疗并获随访的28例(40足)外翻畸形患者临床资料。其中男3例(6足),女25例(34足);年龄20~71岁,平均51.7岁。单足16例,双足12例。病程1~30年,平均8.9年。患者均有不同程度囊炎表现;22足有明显前足横弓塌陷并足底胼胝,8足合并锤状趾畸形。美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分为(59.07±8.49)分。术前X线片示外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)(33.68±8.10)°,跖间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)(15.60±4.07)°。根据Mann外翻分类标准,轻度9足,中度23足,重度8足。结果术后1例(1足)切口感染,其余切口均Ⅰ期愈合。2例(3足)出现趾麻木。28例均获随访,随访时间6个月~4年,平均1.8年。末次随访时根据AOFAS评分量表评定疗效:获优24足,良9足,可4足,差3足;优良率为82.5%。末次随访时,HVA为(15.10±5.28)°,IMA为(9.05±2.42)°,AOFAS评分为(86.03±7.45)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00)。伴前足横弓塌陷者横弓均有一定程度恢复,足底胼胝消失(14足)或变小(8足)。2例(3足)分别于术后3个月和2个月时外翻复发,无内翻发生。结论 收肌与展肌移位吻接重建前足横弓矫治外翻畸形,能减小HVA及IMA,复位脱位籽骨,重建前足横弓,有效恢复前足生理解剖结构及功能。     

Ilizarov技术矫正足踝畸形的器械研究与临床应用

[目的]根据Ilizarov技术的基本原理,研究、探讨矫正不同类别足踝畸形的器械构型、适应证扩展、手术方法与临床应用的效果。[方法]根据中国患者马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻畸形足的病理改变特点与矫形要求,在Ilizarov环形外固定器构型的基础上,设计完成了标准的矫正马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻的4种外固定矫形器构型,并进行了力学测试。创新的扩展了Ilizarov矫正瘢痕性马蹄足、类风湿性关节炎和先天性腓骨缺如所致的重度足外翻畸形。[结果]新设计的4种足踝外固定器,经过临床应用,证实了器械结构合理,安装与调节方便,牵张应力根据需要能进行适度调整,临床治疗105例足踝畸形患者,均获得满意的畸形矫正与功能恢复,无1例出现较严重的并发症。[结论]新设计的4种足踝矫形器构型,结构简便、实用,性能优良、能够满足Ilizarov技术的矫形需求。Ilizarov技术对严重足、踝畸形的矫正,具有其它技术不能替代的满意疗效。     

第一跖楔关节融合治疗(足母)外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳

目的探讨第一跖楔关节融合重建足横弓治疗外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳的疗效。方法2003年1月至2005年6月,手术治疗合并第一跖楔关节过度活动、足横弓塌陷的外翻患者23例32足,均为女性;年龄46～72岁,平均(60.3±9.3)岁。第一跖骨头下压、外移及旋后并与失稳的第一跖楔关节融合,融合关节采用AO“T”形钢板固定。外翻畸形采用改良McBride软组织手术矫形。术后石膏固定6周,随后部分负重2周。结果20例患者28足获得完整随访,随访时间6～22个月,平均13.3个月。X线片显示第一跖楔关节均获得良好融合。外翻角从术前的平均51°±12°减小到术后的平均22°±6°;第一、二跖骨间角从术前的平均15°±5°减小到术后的平均9°±4°。患者主观评价,优15足,良9足,可4足,优良率为85.7%。患者前足底疼痛均有明显好转,4足有不同程度的第一跖趾关节疼痛,1足足中部不适,取内固定后消失。结论第一跖楔关节融合治疗外翻合并第一跖楔关节不稳能很好地纠正足横弓的塌陷、第一跖骨内翻畸形,对恢复第一跖骨头的负重功能有较好的治疗效果。采用钢板内固定能有效提高融合部位的稳定,利于前足的早期负重。     

外翻外科治疗专家共识

外翻畸形的矫正依赖于手术治疗,其外科治疗极具挑战性。通过查阅文献,国内知名专家与部分对外翻的治疗积累了丰富临床经验的专家经过反复的讨论修改,撰写成我国首部《外翻外科治疗专家共识》,供骨科、尤其是足踝外科同仁们在临床工作中参考应用。本共识主要内容包括:手术适应证和禁忌证、术前检查和评估、外翻的分类及手术方式的选择、常用术式的适应证与矫形能力评价,还介绍了可能发生的外科并发症的预防和治疗原则。     

Surgical treatment of hallux valgus and forefoot deformities in Sweden: a population-based study

BACKGROUND: Although surgical correction for hallux valgus and other toe deformities is one of the most common procedures in foot surgery, its incidence in the general population is not well-known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised patients living in Sweden of a varied age group and both sexes who underwent forefoot surgery. We identified all inpatient cases from 1997 to 2000 and all ambulatory cases in 2000 registered in the National Swedish Patient Register (NSPR). Further, clinical data for the surgical treatment of hallux valgus deformity were extracted from medical records in patients treated in a geographically defined region (Stockholm). RESULTS: In total, 6956 patients with surgically treated forefoot deformities were identified from the adult population, equivalent to a cumulative incidence of 0.8 procedures per 1000 inhabitants for the whole analyzed group. There were regional variations and significant sex differences. The age distribution in both sexes was characterized by a peak in the fifth decade. Forefoot surgery was statistically more frequently performed in private clinics than in public hospitals (p < 0.001). Hallux valgus surgery was by far the most common procedure regarding forefoot surgery. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of forefoot- and hallux valgus surgery was not evenly distributed in the six major regions in Sweden. It is more common in urban than in rural regions. Furthermore, forefoot surgery is performed more frequently in private clinics than in community hospitals despite common financial sources.     

The SCARF osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformities

The authors report their experience with a modified SCARF osteotomy with three years follow-up. Correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities was achieved using a Z step osteotomy cut to realign the first metatarsal bone. A retrospective analysis was undertaken in 89 consecutive patients (111 feet). Results were analyzed by clinical examination, a questionnaire including the AOFAS forefoot score, and plain roentgenograms. Hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angle improved at mean 19.1 degrees and 6.6 degrees, respectively. Mean forefoot score improved from 50.1 to 91 points out of 100 possible points. Satisfactory healing time was expressed by an average return back to work of 5.8 weeks and back to sport of 8.3 weeks. Persistence or recurrence of hallux valgus was seen in seven patients (6%). The complication rate was 5.4% including superficial wound infection, traumatic dislocation of the distal fragment, and hallux limitus. The presented technique provides predictable correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities.     

Incidence of thyroid disease in patients with forefoot deformity

BackgroundHallux valgus and lesser toe deformities are common foot disorders with substantial functional consequences. While the exact etiologies are multi-factorial, it is unknown if certain endocrine abnormalities, such as thyroid dysfunction, may be associated with these pathologies. The current study sought to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with hallux valgus or lesser toe deformities.MethodsEvery new patient who presented to our institution’s foot and ankle clinic during a three-month time period was given a survey to determine the presence of a known thyroid disorder. The diagnosis for each visit was then recorded. Additionally, a national, publicly available database was queried for patients diagnosed with thyroid disease and concomitant hallux valgus or specific forefoot pathology. Odds ratios for the presence of thyroid dysfunction were then calculated for each patient group.ResultsThree-hundred and fifty initial visit patient surveys were collected, and 74 (21.1%) patients had a known diagnosis of thyroid disease. The most common diagnoses were primary hypothyroidism (n = 61, 17.4%), secondary hypothyroidism (n = 6, 1.7%), thyroiditis (n = 4, 1.1%), and hyperthyroidism (n = 3, 0.9%). Thyroid disease was present in 16 of 26 patients (61.5%) with a diagnosis of hallux valgus (OR 7.3, CI[3.16–16.99], p < 0.0001). Lesser toe deformities, including hammertoes, mallet toes, bunionettes and crossover toes, were also significantly associated with thyroid disease (OR 5.45, CI[1.83–16.26], p < 0.002). The national database revealed 905,924 patients with a diagnosis of a specific forefoot deformity, and 321,656 of these patients (35.5%) had a concomitant diagnosis of a thyroid condition (OR 2.11, CI[2.10–2.12], p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe current study suggests a significant association between forefoot pathology and thyroid dysfunction, especially hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities. Increased understanding of these correlations may offer an important opportunity in population health management, both in diagnosis and treatment. While further studies with long-term outcomes are necessary, the early diagnosis of thyroid disease may provide an opportunity to predict and potentially alter the course of forefoot pathology.     

Long-term results of the modified Hoffman procedure in the rheumatoid forefoot

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the forefoot, causing metatarsalgia, hallux valgus, and deformities of the lesser toes. Various types of surgical correction have been described, including resection of the lesser-toe metatarsal heads coupled with arthrodesis of the great toe, resection arthroplasty of the proximal phalanx or metatarsal head, and metatarsal osteotomy. We report the results at an average of five and a half years following thirty-seven consecutive forefoot arthroplasties performed in twenty patients by one surgeon using a technique involving resection of all five metatarsal heads. METHODS: All patients were treated with the same technique of resection of all five metatarsal heads through three dorsal incisions. All surviving patients were asked to return for follow-up, which included subjective assessment (with use of visual analogue pain scores, AOFAS [American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society] foot scores, and SF-12 [Short Form-12] mental and physical disability scores), physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: All results were satisfactory to excellent in the short term (six weeks postoperatively), and no patient sought additional surgical treatment for the feet. A superficial infection subsequently developed in two feet, and two feet had delayed wound-healing. At an average of 64.9 months postoperatively, the average AOFAS forefoot score was 64.5 points and the average hallux valgus angle was 22.3 degrees . There were no reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of all five metatarsal heads in patients with metatarsalgia and hallux valgus associated with rheumatoid arthritis can be a safe procedure that provides reasonable, if rarely complete, relief of symptoms.     

Scarf and Weil osteotomies for correction of rheumatoid forefoot deformities: A review of 20 cases

The forefoot is commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis. Little has been written of the results of metatarsophalangeal joint preservation in rheumatoid arthritis. We describe the results of the Scarf and Weil osteotomy for correction of forefoot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Between 1996 and 1999, 17 patients (20 feet) underwent a Scarf osteotomy for their hallux valgus deformity and in 17 feet a Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints. Radiographic examination was performed preoperatively and at a mean follow up of 65 months. A questionnaire was used at a minimum follow up of 6 years. The hallux valgus angle improved from 41° to 28° at follow up. The majority of the patients (79%) were satisfied with the result during follow-up. We found no wound infections, neuralgia or osteonecrosis of the first metatarsal. In three patients, a fusion of the first MTP joint was performed at follow up.In conclusion, the Scarf and Weil osteotomy is a useful method for MTP joint preserving surgery in rheumatoid forefoot deformities without severe impairment of the MTP joints.     

Rheumatoid forefoot deformity: pathophysiology, evaluation and operative treatment options

Despite recent advances in pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis, forefoot deformity, with its symptoms, remains a common problem, often requiring operative treatment. Typical deformities in these patients comprise hallux valgus and deformity of the lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and toes. With regard to the lesser rays the standard operative procedure, advocated for the disabling forefoot pain in these patients, remains metatarsal head resection. It should be considered that with increasing success of pharmacological treatment the degree of forefoot deformity in these patients is becoming less and that resection of the lesser MTP joints is becoming more and more superfluous. This supports a trend towards metatarsal head-preserving surgery. The optimal treatment of the hallux deformity remains unclear. Fusion of the first MTP joint is, generally, recommended. This article will discuss the current surgical options in rheumatoid forefoot pathology.     

正常足与拇外翻足前足承重比例与跖骨头下压力的研究

目的 从生物力学角度探讨外翻足承重比例及跖骨头下压力的改变情况。方法将测试对象分为正常组(160足)、轻中度(足母)外翻组(100足)、重度(足母)外翻组(56足)三组,运用我所生物力学室研制的足底压力测试系统,对正常足与(足母)外翻足足底压力进行测试,并将结果进行统计分析。结果 轻中度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例较正常足增加,重度(足母)外翻足前足承重比例介于正常足与轻中度(足母)外翻足之间。(足母)外翻足存在着前足压力外移的趋势,这种改变和畸形的程度相关。结论 从生物力学角度证明,(足母)外翻前足承重比例及各跖骨头下压力的变化随(足母)外翻畸形程度增加出现不同程度的变化。     

Proximal spherical metatarsal osteotomy for the foot with severe hallux valgus

BACKGROUND: A proximal spherical metatarsal osteotomy was devised to correct not only varus deviation of the first metatarsal, but also dorsiflexion. We expected to increase the medial longitudinal arch by adding plantar flexion at the osteotomy site. To investigate the limitations of this procedure for feet with severe hallux valgus, a followup study was performed on patients with preoperative hallux valgus angles greater than or equal to 40 degrees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight feet in 37 patients (10 male, 27 female) (60 years; range, 20 to 84 years) were investigated. Mean followup was 4 years and 1 month, ranging from 2 to 8 years. The spherical osteotomy was performed using a curved chisel. A distal soft tissue procedure was done at the same time. Twenty feet received combined operations for their combined deformities. RESULTS: While 81% of patients were satisfied with the results, 50% of those with preoperative hallux valgus angles greater than or equal to 50 degrees had postoperative hallux valgus angle greater than or equal to 20 degrees. In these patients, correction of metatarsus primus varus was good, but correction of valgus deviation of the hallux was fair. Mean correction toward plantar flexion was 1.5 degrees and no increase in arch height was achieved. CONCLUSION: The proximal spherical osteotomy could consistently achieve satisfactory results for the patients with hallux valgus angles less than 50 degrees. However, the corrections were worse in feet with more severe deformities. Furthermore, plantarflexion at the osteotomy site was offset by displacement at the first tarsometatarsal joint. If plantarflexion is indispensable, arthrodesis of the tarsometatarsal joint is recommended.     

Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效

目的 探讨Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效.方法 采用Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗27例拇外翻患者(27足):Akin截骨联合Chevron截骨19例,Akin截骨联合Scarf截骨6例,Akin截骨联合Juvara截骨2例.比较术前及末次随访时的第1、2跖骨间夹角(IMA)与拇外翻角(HVA)的变化....     

Shortening Proximal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy for Patients With a Hallux Valgus Deformity With Advanced Arthritis

To correct hallux valgus deformities in patients with advanced arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, we designed a new reverse chevron-type shortening osteotomy technique that could be used to correct valgus deformities at the proximal metatarsal level, as well as shorten and lower the metatarsal, in a 1-time procedure. Sixteen feet in 16 patients with a minimum of 18 months follow-up who underwent a shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for a hallux valgus deformity with advanced arthritic change between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed in this study. Double chevron osteotomies with 20° of plantar-ward obliquity at the proximal metatarsal level were made at 5-mm intervals for simultaneous valgus correction and metatarsal shortening. An additional Weil osteotomy of the second metatarsal was performed in all feet. Patients’ mean age was 57.88 ± 6.55 years. The deformity was satisfactorily corrected by the operation. The first metatarsal was shortened by approximately 8.75 mm, and the relative length of the second metatarsal did not differ significantly postoperatively (p?=?.179). The relative second metatarsal height, as seen on forefoot axial radiographs, was maintained constantly, with no significant difference (p?=?.215). No painful plantar callosity or transfer metatarsalgia under the second metatarsal head was observed postoperatively. A shortening proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities with advanced arthritic change showed a good result with respect to deformity correction and pain relief. Appropriate lowering and an additional Weil osteotomy effectively prevented postoperative pain and painful callosity under the second metatarsal head.