慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者外周血单个核细胞中TLR3、TLR7、TLR8及TLR9 mRNA的表达

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者外周血单个核细胞中TLR3、TLR7、TLR8及TLR9mRNA的表达。方法用密度梯度离心法分离COPD患者和健康人外周血单个核细胞后,提取总RNA并逆转录为cDNA,用实时定量PCR检测TLR3、TLR7、TLR8及TLR9mRNA的拷贝数。结果COPD患者外周血单个核细胞的TLR3和TLR9mRNA表达较正常健康人明显增高(P<0.05),而TLR7和TLR8mRNA的表达在COPD患者和正常健康人之间却无显著差异(P>0.05)。在COPD患者中,急性期和稳定期患者的TLR3、TLR7、TLR8和TLR9无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论TLR3和TLR9的升高可能是COPD患者对病毒敏感性增高的一个重要机制。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病对单个核细胞TLR 2/4信号通路的影响

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)组患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)TLR2/TLR4、IRAK and NF-κB mRNA水平的变化。方法利用Ficoll分离法分离健康人及COPD组患者外周血单个核细胞,通过q PCR的方法检测健康人及COPD患者的TLR2/TLR4、IRAK、NF-κB mRNA的表达水平。结果 COPD组单核细胞TLR2、TLR4 mRNA水平较健康人未见明显变化,但IRAK1/4以及NF-κB mRNA水平的变化相对健康对照组显著下降(P0.05)。结论 TLR2/4信号通路的表达下调参与了COPD疾病进展。     

急性髓系白血病患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体9以及血清肿瘤坏死因子和凋亡基因FAS的表达

背景:Toll样受体9(TLR9)、肿瘤坏死因子a、Fas可能共同参与白血病的发生发展过程.目的:测定TLR9在急性髓系白血病患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达及血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平.方法:从急性髓系白血病患者与正常对照组中分离出外周血单个核细胞,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应法检测外周血单个核细胞中TLR9 mRNA的表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平.结果与结论:在急性髓系白血病患者初治组和难治复发组中,外周血单个核细胞中TLR9 mRNA表达高于正常对照组(P < 0.01),化疗后完全缓解组与正常对照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);各病例组血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平显著高于正常对照组(P < 0.01).TLR9 mRNA的表达与血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平均呈正相关.     

慢性阻塞性肺病外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达与血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8相关性的研究

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者外周血单个核细胞表面Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors)TLR2和TLR4的表达情况及其与血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的关系。方法:本研究涉及的3组研究对象分别为:吸烟COPD组(n=68)、吸烟非COPD组(n=42)和不吸烟非COPD组(n=43)。将68例吸烟COPD患者进一步分为急性发作期亚组(n=32)和稳定期亚组(n=36)。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒测定血清细胞因子的浓度。结果:吸烟COPD组外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度均显著高于吸烟非COPD组(TLR2:1.87±2.04比0.47±0.24;TLR4:4.08±3.84比0.41±0.18;TNF-α:68.20±56.26比26.20±5.43;IL-6:201.62±174.69比72.99±8.03;IL-8:235.42±158.22比77.50±8.38)。吸烟非COPD组外周血单个核细胞上TLR2、TLR4的表达水平均显著低于不吸烟非COPD组(TLR2:0.47±0.24比2.96±2.71;TLR4:0.41±0.18比2.67±1.74),而吸烟非COPD组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度均显著高于不吸烟非COPD组(TNF-α:26.60±5.43比8.93±6.41;IL-6:72.99±8.03比25.61±8.63;IL-8:77.50±8.38比47.10±11.11)。COPD急性发作期单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度均显著高于COPD稳定期(TLR2:3.56±1.80比0.368±0.222;TLR4:6.97±3.76比1.51±0.943;TNF-α:106.17±61.94比90.01±19.66;IL-6:327.18±183.56比105.36±13.45;IL-8:381.74±108.51比34.44±10.45)。吸烟COPD组外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平与血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度成正相关。结论:COPD患者尤其是COPD急性发作期患者外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度均显著升高;并且COPD患者外周血单个核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达水平与血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度成正相关。提示COPD的发生、发展与机体天然免疫密切相关。     

TLR2、TLR9及CD19、CD23在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中的表达及意义

目的了解传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)患儿不同时期外周血单个核细胞TLR2、TLR9mRNA和CD19、CD23的表达情况及其变化规律,探讨其在发病中的作用。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2016年2月30例我院确诊为IM患儿的临床资料。新诊断IM的30例患儿为IM急性期组,其中26例(失访4例)经治疗临床症状体征消失,病程满1个月为IM恢复期组,同期常规体检健康的24例儿童为对照组。采用SYBRGreen I实时荧光定量PCR方法检测外周血单个核细胞TLR2 mRNA、TLR9 mRNA的表达。采用流式细胞术检测外周血单个核细胞中B细胞CD19+和永生B细胞CD19+CD23+的阳性表达率。结果 IM患儿急性期CD19~+及CD19~+CD23~+表达阳性率低于恢复期(P0.05),且急性期和恢复期表达阳性率均低于对照组(P0.05)。急性期TLR2 mRNA、TLR9 mRNA表达水平高于恢复期(P0.05),且急性期和恢复期表达水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 TLR2、TLR9,CD19~+CD23~+、CD19~+在IM不同时期通过对免疫细胞的调节可能参与了IM发病。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单一核细胞toll样受体7mRNA及α干扰素mRNA表达的水平及意义

目的:研究系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者与正常人外周血单一核细胞toll样受体7(TLR7) mRNA及α干扰素(IFN-α)mRNA表达的水平及其意义.方法:运用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)半定量方法检测35例SLE患者(其中活动期21例,稳定期14例)外周血单一核细胞TLR7、IFN-αmRNA表达水平,并与正常人20例作对照.结果:SLE患者外周血单一核细胞 TLR7 mRNA及IFN-α mRNA表达水平活动期较正常人和稳定期均有显著升高(均P＜0.01),但稳定期与正常人相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:SLE患者活动期TLR7及IFN-α mRNA表达水平升高,两者成正相关;TLR7及IFN-α在SLE的发病中可能起一定的作用.     

急性髓系白血病患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体9以及血清肿瘤坏死因子和凋亡基因FAS的表达

背景：Toll样受体9（TLR9）、肿瘤坏死因子a、Fas可能共同参与白血病的发生发展过程。目的：测定TLR9在急性髓系白血病患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达及血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平。方法：从急性髓系白血病患者与正常对照组中分离出外周血单个核细胞,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应法检测外周血单个核细胞中TLR9mRNA的表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平。结果与结论：在急性髓系白血病患者初治组和难治复发组中,外周血单个核细胞中TLR9mRNA表达高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,化疗后完全缓解组与正常对照组差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）;各病例组血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。TLR9mRNA的表达与血清肿瘤坏死因子α、Fas水平均呈正相关。     

白癜风患者外周血单个核细胞中TLR7、TLR9、NF-κB的表达及意义研究

目的探究白癜风患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中Toll样受体7(TLR7)、Toll样受体9(TLR9)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达情况及其意义。方法前瞻性选取2017年4月至2018年4月沈阳市第七人民医院收治的33例白癜风患者作为观察组,33例同期健康体检者为对照组。使用流式细胞仪检测两组PBMC中的TLR7、TLR9表达情况,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测两组PBMC中的NF-κB表达情况。结果流式细胞仪结果显示,观察组患者PBMC中的TLR7表达量为(94.65±3.931)%,高于对照组的(92.84±3.52)%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而观察组患者PBMC中的TLR9表达量为(86.68±11.01)%,低于对照组的(90.75±5.74)%,但差异无统计学意义(P 0.05); PCR反应结果显示,观察组患者PBMC中的NF-κB mRNA表达量为(0.96±1.52),高于对照组的(0.24±0.35),差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论白癜风患者PBMC中TLR7表达过量,TLR9则低表达,但与正常健康者的表达情况未见较大差异,而该信号通路的信号分子NF-κB表达量远高于正常健康者,推测TLR7、TLR9、NF-κB的表达与白癜风可能存在一定的关系,但具体机制需进一步探寻。     

骨髓间充质干细胞下调类风湿性关节炎小鼠脾脏单个核细胞TLR8及TLR9的表达

背景:间充质干细胞能够缓解类风湿性关节炎小鼠的症状,但是其机制还不清楚.目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞对类风湿性关节炎小鼠脾脏单个核细胞表达TLR8及TLR9等的影响.方法:DBA/1J小鼠随机分3组,非造模组不造模,阳性对照组和实验组制备Ⅱ型胶原诱导的小鼠类风湿性关节炎模型.实验组尾静脉注射移植大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞.结果与结论:与阳性对照组比较,实验组小鼠关节直径明显减小,关节炎症细胞浸润程度明显降低,但比非造模组略高;小鼠脾脏单个核细胞表达TLR8、TLR9和白细胞介素1β的水平较阳性对照组明显降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05);阳性对照组与实验组中TLR8与TLR9的表达均无明显相关性(P > 0.05).说明骨髓间充质干细胞下调了类风湿关节炎小鼠脾脏单个核细胞表达TLR8及TLR9的水平,但TLR8与TLR9的表达无相关性.     

复方新诺明联合泼尼松治疗对系统性红斑狼疮患者外周单个核细胞TLR7和TLR9表达的影响

目的探究系统性红斑狼疮应用复方新诺明联合泼尼松治疗对外周单个核细胞TLR7和TLR9表达的影响。方法回顾性选择同济大学附属杨浦医院2018年5月至2019年12月期间收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者50例,对患者进行分组,为试验1组(n=20)和试验2组(n=30),其中试验1组为初次诊断患者,试验2组为复方新诺明联合泼尼松治疗患者,同时选同期同院健康体检的30例健康人作为对照组,对三组补体C4、补体C3、C-反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、抗Sm抗体、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗核抗体、性别、年龄进行分析。结果在试验1组、试验2组、对照组中,外周血单个核细胞均有TLR9、TLR7表达。TLR9、TLR7转录水平经定量PCR检测,试验1组显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。试验2组TLR9、TLR7显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。试验2组的TLR7表达低于试验1组(P 0.05);系统性红斑狼疮活动指数与TLR9、TLR7呈正相关(P 0.01)。试验1组系统性红斑狼疮活动指数与TLR7的相关系数为0.099,与TLR9的相关系数为0.490;系统性红斑狼疮活动指数、抗Sm抗体滴度与TLR7的转录水平呈正相关(P 0.05)。TLR9和抗ds-DNA抗体滴度、系统性红斑狼疮活动指数呈正相关。TLR9与联合用药治疗剂量存在相关性。TLR9表达与药物治疗剂量、C4水平以及系统性红斑狼疮活动指数相关。TLR7转录水平与系统性红斑狼疮活动指数相关。结论系统性红斑狼疮病情变化情况与TLR9、TLR7基因转录呈正相关,而泼尼松、复方新诺明使用剂量是影响TLR9表达的主要因素。     

TLR2、TLR4、TLR5和TLR9在小鼠Hp感染模型中的表达

目的:研究BALB/c小鼠在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染前后和用抗生素治疗后胃黏膜组织中Toll样受体(TLR)2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR9、IL-1β的表达,探讨Toll样受体家族在Hp感染机制中的作用。方法:60只BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组,第1组不予处理(正常组),第2组予感染Hp(Hp感染组),第3组感染Hp后予抗生素治疗(抗生素治疗组)。RT-PCR和Western blotting法半定量检测小鼠胃内TLR2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR9、IL-1β的表达,Giemsa染色切片计数Hp定植数量,HE染色切片判断黏膜炎症水平。结果:(1)TLR5、TLR9在各组小鼠胃黏膜组织中均无表达。(2)TLR2在Hp感染组胃黏膜组织中表达(PCR:0.13±0.025;Western:1.32±0.27)高于抗生素治疗组(PCR:0.04±0.011;Western:0.43±0.08),正常组无表达。(3)TLR4在Hp感染组胃黏膜组织中表达(PCR:0.22±0.051;Western:0.72±0.17)高于抗生素治疗组(PCR:0.06±0.009;Western:0.21±0.04),正常组无表达。(4)IL-1β在Hp感染组胃黏膜组织中有表达(PCR:0.27±0.038;Western:0.58±0.14),抗生素治疗组和正常组无表达。结论:TLR2、TLR4可能参与了Hp的致病机制,TLR5、TLR9可能未参与Hp的致病机制。     

Dectin-1和TLR2/TLR3/TLR4受体在免疫缺陷小鼠侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的表达

目的本研究利用小鼠动物模型,探讨烟曲霉感染免疫缺陷小鼠TLR2/TLR3/TLR4对树突状细胞植物血凝素-1(Dectin-1)表达的影响。通过检测TLRs和CLRs受体在不同免疫状态下的表达,揭示介导侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)肺损伤的关键受体。方法小鼠随机分成四组,A组为正常对照组;B组为环磷酰胺免疫抑制+未接种烟曲霉菌;C组正常状态小鼠+烟曲霉菌接种;D组为IPA感染组,免疫抑制+烟曲霉菌接种。采用real-time PCR方法进行小鼠肺组织各个时相点的TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、Dectin-1和β-actin m RNA的表达,检测受体间的相互表达调控。结果正常状态感染组(C组N+AF),TLR4/TLR2、Dectin-1 m RNA比正常对照组表达上调;IPA模型组(D组CP+AF),Dectin-1和TLR4、TLR2 m RNA比正常状态感染组表达下调;但TLR3 m RNA 48 h、72 h表达没有明显不同(P>0.05)。病理切片模型组小鼠72 h可见较严重的出血和充血;96 h时肺内有菌丝,肺泡间隔增宽,支气管壁破坏。正常状态感染烟曲霉小鼠72 h可见充血,肺泡弹性纤维破坏。结论成功建立了小鼠IPA动物模型,Dectin-1受体表达下调可能是环磷酰胺免疫抑制引起IPA的机制之一。Dectin-1的表达可能是建立在TLR2/TLR4对烟曲霉早期识别的基础上,TLR3可能起协同作用。     

FoxP3、CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞、TLR2和TLR9在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中的变化

本研究旨在探讨TLR2(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)、TLR9和CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)及其转录因子FoxP3在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)发病中的作用。2010年4月至2011年1月我院儿科诊治的初次发病的急性期IM患儿35例(IM急性期组),IM恢复期组35例以及健康对照儿童35例(对照组)纳入研究。采用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法检测外周血单个核细胞TLR2、TLR9、FoxP3mRNA的表达,运用流式细胞术检测外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+CD25+的表达。结果显示:IM急性期组TLR2mRNA(4.03±0.56)、TLR9 mRNA(8.88±1.56)相对表达水平显著高于对照组TLR2 mRNA(2.22±0.57)、TLR9mRNA(3.63±1.30)及恢复期组TLR2 mRNA(2.76±0.83)、TLR9 mRNA(5.34±1.60)相对表达水平(P<0.01)。IM急性期组FoxP3 mRNA(2.82±0.90)、CD4+CD25+(2.38±1.32%)表达水平显著低于对照组FoxP3mRNA(4.65±1.23)、CD4+CD25+(7.85±1.97%)及恢复期组FoxP3 mRNA(4.11±1.37)、CD4+CD25+(6.81±1.84%)(P<0.01),IM恢复期组FoxP3 mRNA、CD4+CD25+表达水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:IM急性期存在CD4+CD25+Treg数量降低及其特异性转录因子FoxP3表达下调,而TLR2和TLR9在IM急性期表达上调。     

HMGB1 signals through toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2

In response to bacterial endotoxin (e.g., LPS) or endogenous proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF and IL-1beta), innate immune cells release HMGB1, a late cytokine mediator of lethal endotoxemia and sepsis. The delayed kinetics of HMGB1 release makes it an attractive therapeutic target with a wider window of opportunity for the treatment of lethal systemic inflammation. However, the receptor(s) responsible for HMGB1-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines has not been well characterized. Here we demonstrate that in human whole blood, neutralizing antibodies against Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, but not TLR2 or receptor for advanced glycation end product) dose-dependently attenuate HMGB1-induced IL-8 release. Similarly, in primary human macrophages, HMGB1-induced TNF release is dose-dependently inhibited by anti-TLR4 antibodies. In primary macrophages from knockout mice, HMGB1 activates significantly less TNF release in cells obtained from MyD88 and TLR4 knockout mice as compared with cells from TLR2 knockout and wild-type controls. However, in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with TLR2 or TLR4, HMGB1 effectively induces IL-8 release only from TLR2 overexpressing cells. Consistently, anti-TLR2 antibodies dose-dependently attenuate HMGB1-induced IL-8 release in human embryonic kidney/TLR2-expressing cells and markedly reduce HMGB1 cell surface binding on murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that there is a differential usage of TLR2 and TLR4 in HMGB1 signaling in primary cells and in established cell lines, adding complexity to studies of HMGB1 signaling which was not previously expected.     

TLR2, TLR4, CD14, CD11B, and CD11C expressions on monocytes surface and cytokine production in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock

ABSTRACT: Bacterial recognition and induced cellular activation are fundamental for the host control of infection, yet the limit between protective and harmful response is still inexact. Forty-one patients were enrolled in this study: 14 with sepsis, 12 with severe sepsis, and 15 with septic shock. Seventeen healthy volunteers (HV) were included as control. The expression of TLR2, TLR4, CD14, CD11b, and CD11c was analyzed on monocytes surface in whole blood. sCD14 was measured in serum, and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokine levels were measured in PBMC supernatants after LPS, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha stimuli by ELISA. An increase in sCD14 and a decreased mCD14 were found in patients as compared with HV (P < 0.001). However, no differences in the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and CD11c were found among the groups. A trend toward differential expression of CD11b was observed, with higher values found in patients with sepsis as compared with HV. A negative regulation of the inflammatory cytokine production was observed in patients with severe sepsis and shock septic in relation to sepsis and HV, regardless of the stimulus. No significant difference in IL-10 production was found among the groups. In this study, we show that the inflammatory response is associated with the continuum of clinical manifestations of sepsis, with a strong inflammatory response in the early phase (sepsis) and a refractory picture in the late phases (severe sepsis and septic shock). Correlation between cell surface receptors and cytokine production after IL-1beta and TNF-alpha stimuli and the observation of a single and same standard response with the different stimulus suggest a pattern of immunology response that is not dependent only on the expression of the evaluated receptors and that is likely to have a regulation in the intracellular signaling pathways.     

TLR4 signaling induces TLR2 expression in endothelial cells via neutrophil NADPH oxidase

Interactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with endothelial cells may contribute to the activation of endothelial cell responses involved in innate immunity. We explored a novel function of PMN NADPH oxidase in the mechanism of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) upregulation induced by LPS-TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells. We showed that LPS induced TLR2 up-regulation through TLR4- and MyD88-dependent signaling. In neutropenic mice, the LPS-induced NF-kB activation and TLR2 expression were significantly reduced, and both responses were restored upon repletion by PMN obtained from WT mice but not by PMNs from NADPH oxidase gp91pho(-/-) mice. These findings were recapitulated in mouse lung vascular endothelial cells cocultured with PMNs, indicating that the augmented NF-kB activation and the resultant TLR2 upregulation in endothelial cells were secondary to oxidant signaling generated by PMN NADPH oxidase. The functional relevance of NADPH oxidase in mediating TLR4-induced TLR2 expression in endothelial cells was evident by markedly elevated and stable ICAM-1 expression as well as augmented PMN migration in response to sequential challenge with LPS and peptidoglycan. Thus, PMN NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant signaling is an important determinant of the cross talk between TLR4 and TLR2 and the control of endothelial cell activation.