针拨联合球结膜下注射丝裂霉素C治疗功能不良滤过泡

目的 探讨针拨联合丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C,MMC)球结膜下注射治疗青光眼患者小梁切除术后早期功能不良滤过泡的疗效.方法 对47例(50眼)小梁切除术后2～8周滤过泡功能不良青光眼患者行针拨联合MMC 0.2 mL(0.04 mg)结膜下注射,术后所有患者随访3～6个月,观察患者眼压、滤过泡形态和并发症.结果 小梁切除术后2～8周,低平、限局、肥厚、充血型滤过泡32眼、包囊型囊样滤过泡18眼.针拨联合MMC结膜下注射治疗后3～6个月,46眼的滤过泡转为功能性的,轻度膨隆弥散型31眼,多腔或薄壁型15眼,限局肥厚型或无滤过泡4眼.治疗前患眼的平均眼压为(28.5±6.5)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),随访3～6个月平均眼压为(16.3±2.9)mmHg,与注射前比较二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).46眼没有用抗青光眼药物或用一种抗青光眼药物眼压控制在21 mmHg以下,成功率占92%.治疗后视物模糊10眼,结膜下出血6眼,角膜上皮点状脱落2眼,无低眼压、伤口渗漏和前房变浅等并发症.结论 针拨联合MMC结膜下注射治疗小梁切除术后早期功能不良滤过泡是安全、有效、简单的方法.     

针拨联合球结膜下注射丝裂霉素C治疗新生血管性青光眼小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡

目的 探讨针拨联合丝裂霉素C(MMC)球结膜下注射治疗新生血管青光眼小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡的疗效.方法 对25例(25只眼)因新生青光眼行小梁切除术后滤过泡功能不良者,进行针拨联合MMC0.2 ml(0.04 mg)球结膜下注射,观察视力、眼压、滤过泡和副作用,并随访6～12个月.结果 小梁切除术后低平眼局肥厚充血型18只眼、包囊型囊样7只眼.针拨联合MMC结膜下注射治疗后6～12个月,轻度膨隆弥散型11只眼,多腔或薄壁型8只眼,眼局肥厚型或无滤过泡6只眼.治疗前患眼的眼压为(32.5±5.5)mmHg,随访结束时具有功能滤过泡眼的眼压为(18.2±3.4)mmHg.与针拨前比较两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).19只眼眼压下降有效,成功率占75%.治疗后结膜下出血3只眼,前房出血5只眼,无低眼压、伤口渗漏和脉络膜渗漏及浅前房等并发症.结论 针拨联合MMC结膜下注射治疗新生血管性青光跟小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡是安全、有效、简单的方法.     

难治性青光眼早期功能不良滤过泡处理的临床观察

目的：观察难治性青光眼小梁切除术后早期功能不良滤过泡的处理方法、治疗效果,探讨有效、安全的早期功能不良滤过泡处理方法。

方法：收集我院2006-01/2012-01诊断为难治性青光眼且行小梁切除术后出现早期功能不良滤过泡(或倾向)者20例20眼于小梁切除术后3～8d进行治疗,治疗方法包括：眼球按摩、断(或拆除)巩膜缝线后再行眼球按摩、钝针头针拨分离滤过泡或联合结膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)。所有患者术中曾用过抗代谢药丝裂霉素C(MMC, 0.3g/L)。随访6mo。

结果：经眼球按摩后有9眼获得功能滤过泡,联合钝针头针拨分离滤过泡治疗后有5眼为功能滤过泡,4眼经联合5-FU结膜下注射后为功能滤过泡,其综合成功率达90%。治疗前平均眼压24.61±5.4mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),随访6mo结束时平均眼压为15.20±4.8mmHg,治疗前后眼压差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。操作中和操作后未见任何并发症。

结论：难治性青光眼病情复杂,小梁切除术后极易出现早期功能不良滤过泡(或倾向),我们提倡尽早处理,综合眼球按摩、断(或拆除)巩膜缝线、钝针头针拨分离滤过泡或联合结膜下注射5-FU更安全有效,可很大程度上挽救早期濒临失败的滤过泡,提高手术成功率。     

针拨联合丝裂霉素C结膜下注射治疗抗青光眼术后失败滤过泡

目的:观察利用针拨联合丝裂霉素C结膜下注射治疗抗青光眼术后失败滤过泡的效果。方法:对抗青光眼小梁手术后3~22wk失败滤过泡34例(35眼)用针拨联合丝裂霉素C滤过泡旁注射,并随访6mo以上,观察滤过泡重新形成和眼压下降情况。结果:成功29例(29眼),手术前平均眼压为23.74±6.2mmHg,手术后眼压平均为13±4.3mmHg。其中3例(3眼)重复针拨、注射。随访期结束后统计针拨前后眼压具有显著性差异,Kaplan-Meier生存分析2a滤过泡成功率82.9%±6.4%。针拨术中有4眼前房出血,2眼低眼压,未见丝裂霉素的其它毒性反应。结论:针拨联合丝裂霉素C结膜下注射可以重新建立功能性滤过泡,有效地控制眼压,减少青光眼患者再次手术的痛苦。它是挽救抗青光眼术后失败滤过泡的一种良好的方法,具有毒性小、安全可重复的特点。     

针刺分离联合5-氟尿嘧啶注射治疗功能不良滤过泡的临床观察

目的：观察针刺分离联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)结膜下注射治疗青光眼小梁切除术后不同时期功能不良滤过泡的临床疗效、影响因素及安全性。
　　方法：对76例83眼小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡进行针刺分离联合5-FU 结膜下注射,针刺分离后随访12mo,对随访时患者的眼压( intraocular pressure,IOP)、用药次数、角膜内皮、滤过泡的形态及并发症进行观察记录。
　　结果：针刺分离前患者的眼压为35.3依5.8mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg),随访结束时眼压为17.0依4.3mmHg,两者差异有显著统计学意义(t =24.846,P<0.01);术前平均用药种类为1.7依0.9种,随访结束时平均用药种类为0.4依0.7种,两者差异有显著统计学意义(t =11.145,P<0.01)。针刺分离12mo 后滤过泡成功率为89.2%,其中完全成功率为69.9%,Kaplan-Meier 生存分析示83眼平均生存时间为11.0mo(95% CI：10.3~11.6)。青光眼的类型、滤过手术是否使用丝裂霉素 C(mitomycin C,MMC)、患者年龄及滤过手术至针刺分离的间隔时间对针刺分离效果无影响,针刺分离前滤过泡形态对针刺分离效果有影响,包囊型滤过泡较扁平型滤过泡针刺分离效果好,滤过手术后3mo 内进行针刺分离的患者比>3mo 的患者平均针刺分离的次数明显减少。
　　结论：针刺分离联合5-FU 结膜下注射是治疗小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡的一种安全、有效的简单处理方法,小梁切除术后发现功能不良滤过泡应早期处理。     

针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶治疗小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡

目的：：探究针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶治疗小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡的临床效果。方法：选取行小梁切除术后1~4 wk来院复诊的青光眼患者26例30眼,对功能不良的滤过泡进行针刺分离联合膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶进行治疗。观察滤过泡形态、眼压和并发症,随访3 mo。结果：针刺分离后滤过泡形态有24眼表现为功能性滤过泡。针刺分离前患者眼压为26.4±2.8mmHg,分离后眼压为14.1±1.1mmHg,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后治愈率70%(21眼),有效率17%(5眼),总有效率87%。常见并发症包括结膜下出血、角膜上皮点状剥脱和前房积血。结论：针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-氟尿嘧啶对小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡有着良好效果,值得在临床治疗中推广应用。     

丝裂霉素C结膜下注射治疗青光眼小梁切除术后功能不良滤过泡的临床观察

目的观察丝裂霉素C(MMC)结膜下注射对青光眼小梁切除术后早期功能不良的滤过泡的临床效果。方法对114例(122只眼)青光眼患者术后1～8周内滤过功能不良的滤过泡行丝裂霉素C(MMC)结膜下注射,每天结膜下注射一次,共3～7次,MMC浓度为0.004%,配合每天眼部按摩2～3次,观察滤过泡弥散隆起的情况,前房深浅的变化,随访3～6个月。结果122只眼丝裂霉素C(MMC)结膜下注射前:低平限局肥厚充血型92只眼、包囊型囊样30只眼。MMC结膜下注射后滤过泡外观形态:轻度膨隆弥散型84只眼,多腔或薄壁型24只眼,限局肥厚型或无滤过泡14只眼。结膜下注射前患眼的眼压为(28.6±2.1)mmHg,结膜下注射后患眼的眼压为(15.1±2.3)mmHg。结论对于青光眼小梁切除术后早期功能不良的滤过泡采用结膜下注射丝裂霉素C(MMC)联合眼部按摩是安全、有效及简便的处理方法。     

针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-FU治疗青光眼术后早期滤过泡功能不良

目的:探讨对于青光眼术后早期功能不良的滤过泡采用针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-FU的治疗效果。方法:青光眼滤过术后3mo内25眼功能不良的滤过泡采用针刺分离滤过泡周围纤维瘢痕,然后结膜下注射5-FU5～10mg,隔日1次共5次,分析治疗后眼压和滤过泡形态的变化及治疗后的眼部并发症。结果:25眼中,21眼眼压控制在21mmHg以下,其中18眼在15mmHg以下;滤过泡形态:有19眼表现为功能性滤过泡;并发症:常见并发症有角膜上皮损伤、结膜下出血、滤过泡损伤等。结论:对于青光眼术后早期功能不良的滤过泡采用针刺分离联合结膜下注射5-FU是安全、有效的。     

无结膜瓣小梁切除术的临床评价

目的评价无结膜瓣小梁切除术治疗原发性青光眼的临床疗效。方法68例（68眼）原发性青光眼随机分为两组,A组行无结膜瓣小梁切除术;B组行复合式小梁切除术。观察比较术后眼压变化、并发症和滤过泡情况。结果术后随访12个月,A组平均眼压为（15．3±3．5）mmHg,B组平均眼压为（15．9±3．6）mmHg,（P〉0．05）。术后1周内低眼压浅前房,A组5．6％、B组9．4％;脉络膜脱离A组2．8％、B组6．3％;滤过泡渗漏A组5．6％、B组6．3％。结论无结膜瓣小梁切除术对原发性青光眼疗效良好。     

小梁切除联合丝裂霉素C治疗儿童青光眼

目的观察小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C(MMC)治疗儿童青光眼的疗效和安全性。方法小梁切除术联合MMC治疗儿童青光眼32例(32眼)年龄3～14岁。术后随访时间6～40月(平均18.07±5.81月),对眼压、视力和并发症进行了分析,以KaplanMeier寿命表判断成功率。结果相对成功率标准为:眼压6～21mmHg,不用或用抗青光眼药物,不需要再进行抗青光眼手术,并且未发生严重的并发症。6月累积成功率为85.47%(n=32),12月为76.32%(n=25),24月为64.29%(n=12)。并发症包括浅前房6眼、薄壁滤过泡5眼、滤过泡渗漏3眼、囊样滤过泡2眼、低眼压2眼、滤过泡炎1眼、白内障1眼和视网膜脱离1眼。结论小梁切除术联合MMC可能是治疗儿童青光眼一种有效的方法。然而,MMC术后薄壁滤过泡和滤过泡相关的感染以及其他问题尚需长期随访。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.