噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症患儿的护理

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH),临床特征为高热、肝脾肿大、全血细胞减少和凝血障碍,组织学特征为组织细胞/巨噬细胞的过度增生与活化[1]。遗传因素、感染、肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、药物等多种因素均可引起HLH。2005年1月~2007年6月我科收治30例(HLH)患儿,现将临床观察及护     

小儿噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症研究进展

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（ＨＬＨ）代表一组病原不同的疾病,在日本和亚洲国家的发病率较高,其中包括家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织增生症（ＦＨＬ）和感染（病毒）相关性或恶性相关性噬血细胞综合征（ＩＡＨＳ／ＭＡＨＳ）。临床主要表现为发热,肝脾显著肿大和血细胞减少以及脂类代谢和肝功异常,骨髓,脾,肝,淋巴结内可见噬血细胞。免疫学紊乱表现为Ｔ细胞功能缺陷,高细胞因子血症和ＮＫ细胞活性减低,本病的治疗应以皮质激     

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症40例回顾性分析

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)又称噬血细胞综合征(HPS)或噬血细胞性网状细胞增生症(HRS),是一类少见疾病,确切的发病率尚无准确统计,该病本质上属于良性疾病,但由于其病因多样,临床表现和病理改变与恶性组织细胞病(MH)相似,很多基层同道对HLH缺乏了解,错失治疗时机和最佳     

成人噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症的中枢神经系统病变临床分析

目的总结成人噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)患者中枢神经系统病变的临床表现、实验室检查及头颅影像学特点。方法回顾分析2例出现中枢神经系统症状的成人HLH患者的临床表现、脑脊液检查结果、中枢神经系统影像学特点及治疗、转归。结果 1无论是原发性还是继发性成人HLH患者,均可能出现中枢神经系统受累;2HLH的神经系统临床表现多样,可以表现为癫痫发作、肢体瘫痪、意识障碍等;3脑脊液检查可见蛋白增高;4头颅影像学可以出现广泛脑白质病变或基底节区异常信号。结论成人HLH患者可以出现中枢神经系统受累,其临床表现、脑脊液检查、头颅影像学改变呈现多样性。     

噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症的研究进展

噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症（hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis，HLH），或称噬血细胞综合征（hemophagocytic syndrome），是一种单核巨噬系统过度反应性疾病，其临床特征为发热、肝脾和（或）淋巴结肿大、全血细胞减少、肝功能异常和凝血障碍，组织学特征为组织细胞或巨噬细胞的过度增生与活化。近年来的研究深化了对该病的发病机制及治疗的认识，现综述如下。     

原发与再激活EB病毒感染相关噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症的比较分析

目的:比较原发性EB病毒(EBV)感染及EBV再激活相关噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)患儿的临床特征,探讨不同EBV感染状态对HLH临床指标及预后的影响。方法:收集河南省儿童医院2016年6月至2021年6月收治的51例EBV相关HLH患儿的临床资料,根据血浆EBV抗体谱检测结果,将患者分为EBV原发性感染HLH组(18例)和EBV再激活HLH组(33例)。分析比较两组的临床特征、实验室指标及预后。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别、肝肿大、脾肿大、淋巴结肿大、外周血中性粒细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血小板数、血浆EBV-DNA载量、乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、甘油三酯、铁蛋白、骨髓噬血现象、NK细胞活性、sCD25等方面均无显著差异(P> 0.05),EBV再激活HLH组中枢神经系统受累及CD4/CD8明显高于原发EBV感染HLH组(P <0.05),而总胆红素明显低于原发EBV感染HLH组(P <0.05);参照HLH-2004方案治疗后,EBV再激活HLH组患者的缓解率、5年OS率、5年EFS率均明显低于EBV原发感染HLH组(P <...     

莱姆病相关噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症1例

1 临床资料 患者男,21 岁.2019 年11 月15 日主因"关节疼痛7 周,发热44 d"入院.患者9 月底野外训练后出现膝、髋关节及后腰部疼痛,呈对称性,性质无法描述,位置固定,无进行性加重,休息后可缓解,无恶心、呕吐,无乏力、肌痛;10 月3 日出现体温升高,最高40℃,呈持续性,无法自行退热,伴畏寒、乏力,...     

噬血细胞现象在诊断噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症中意义的探讨

本研究探讨噬血细胞现象在诊断噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症（hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,HLH）中的意义。收集2005年6月至2008年10月继发性HLH疑似病例61例,根据HLH-2004诊断标准分为确诊组及排除组,比较各组骨髓、脾或淋巴结活检中噬血细胞现象的发生率。结果表明,61例疑似患者中有43例确诊为继发性HLH,18例排除HLH;确诊组中有33例发生噬血细胞现象,排除HLH组中有4例出现噬血细胞现象;噬血细胞现象在诊断HLH时的敏感性为76．7％,特异性为77．8％。结论：噬血细胞现象在诊断大部分继发性HLH的中具有重要的意义,但没有噬血细胞现象并不能排除HLH的诊断。     

儿童噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症发病机制和诊治研究进展

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（HLH）,又称为噬血细胞综合征（HPS）,在儿童时期多见,临床起病急、进展迅猛,病死率高.HLH病因复杂多样,但细胞毒T淋巴细胞和NK细胞毒效应低下、细胞因子风暴和多器官高炎症反应及组织器官免疫损伤为显著病理生理特征和共同的发病环节.近年来国际上在HLH的遗传缺陷、诊断和治疗方面取得较大进展.本文结合我们的临床诊治经验,重点就儿童HLH的病因、分类、流行病学、发病机制、诊断标准和诊治研究进展做一综述.     

EBV驱动相关噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症(hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HLH)是由于机体免疫功能失控,形成HLH致命的炎症因子风暴表现。随着分子遗传学研究的发展,目前,对于HLH的认识逐渐深入。其中,一些基因突变在引起HLH过程中,EBV感染为其重要诱因,这类疾病被称为EB病毒驱动型噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症。目前已知基因包括IL-2诱导的T细胞激酶缺乏(ITK)缺陷、镁离子转运体1(MAGT1)缺陷、CD27缺陷、CD70缺陷、CTPS1缺陷以及RASGRP1缺陷。本文将对EB病毒驱动型噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症的流行病学、病理生理机制、临床表现、治疗进行综述。     

Splenectomy as a therapeutic approach in refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Zhang et al. have reported a case of an adult man with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with an unknown etiology who has achieved a remission of HLH following comprehensive treatment based on splenectomy. In the present communication, the author critically discusses diagnostic and therapeutic issues related to the reported case, and questions utility of splenectomy in the treatment of active HLH.     

Splenectomy for an adult patient with refractory secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Treatment regimens of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) are complicated and individualized. CHOP regimen is well known for the treatment of adult sHLH, but it was not so effective for the 56-year-old male patient in our study. Splenomegaly, one of clinical manifestations of HLH, has urged us to investigate the role of splenectomy in HLH patients. Splenectomy is not only beneficial to confirm the underlying diseases, but also beneficial for the treatment of HLH. Here, we present a case diagnosed as sHLH who has recovered from HLH following comprehensive treatment based on splenectomy. The therapeutic value of splenectomy in sHLH needs further study.     

儿童噬血细胞综合征临床特征分析

目的探讨儿童噬血细胞综合征（HLH）的临床表现特征,影响HLH预后的危险因素及合理用药。方法回顾性分析23例HLH患儿的住院病历资料,并应用SPSS13．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果将患儿按预后分为好转组与恶化组进行比较,发现两组患儿在地塞米松的使用上差异性显著（P〈0．05）;将单因素分析筛选出的可能有意义的变量再进行Logistic回归分析,显示在本次研究中地塞米松是影响HLH预后的显著相关因子。对17例证实有EB病毒（EBV）感染的患儿进行分析,发现B淋巴细胞计数（CD19）及使用地塞米松对EBV—HLH预后的影响具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论儿童HLH的治疗过程中应注意继发感染及弥散性血管内凝血的出现,在严格按照HLH-04标准进行治疗的同时,是否存在仪用激素及对症治疗就可控制的“轻症”HLH有待进一步研究。     

Human parechovirus-3 infection in nine neonates and infants presenting symptoms of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Human parechovirus-3 (HPeV-3) has been reported to cause a sepsis-like illness in neonates and young infants. We experienced the occurrence of HPeV-3 infection in nine neonates and young infants (eight boys, one girl; aged 14–52 days, median 31 days). They were admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of fever persisting for 3–5 days (median 4 days) and lethargy. Five infants presented with abdominal distension and six had a rash (including acral reddening), as was previously reported with this viral infection. Abdominal distension with navel protrusion and acral reddening during the course were characteristic. Laboratory data were characterized by elevated values for serum AST, LDH, FDP, D-dimer, ferritin, soluble IL-2 receptor, triglyceride, choline esterase, and urinary β₂-microglobulin. Two of our nine patients presented with a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like illness and required specific therapy. These data suggest that HPeV-3 is an important virus that can cause hypercytokinemia, which sometimes leads to HLH, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in neonates and young infants.     

Malaria-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report

BACKGROUNDMalaria-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare. Moreover, the literature on malaria-associated HLH is sparse, and there are no similar cases reported in China.CASE SUMMARYWe report the case of a 29-year-old woman with unexplained intermittent fever who was admitted to our hospital due to an unclear diagnosis. The patient concealed her history of travel to Nigeria before onset. We made a diagnosis of malaria-associated secondary HLH. The treatment strategy for this patient included treatment of the inciting factor (artemether for 9 d followed by artemisinin for 5 d), the use of immunosuppressants (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin) and supportive care. The patient was discharged in normal physical condition after 25 d of intensive care. No relapses were documented on follow-up at six months and 1 year. CONCLUSIONEarly diagnosis of the primary disease along with timely intervention and a multidisciplinary approach can help patients achieve a satisfactory outcome.     

Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report

BACKGROUNDHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder with rapid progression and high mortality. HLH occurs mostly due to infection, malignant tumors, and immune disorders. Among infections that cause HLH, viral infections, especially Epstein-Barr virus infections, are common, whereas tuberculosis is rare. Tuberculosis-associated HLH has a wide range of serological and clinical manifestations that are similar to those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).CASE SUMMARYThis study describes a case of tuberculosis-associated HLH misdiagnosed as SLE because of antinuclear antibody (ANA), Smith (Sm) antibody and lupus anticoagulant positivity; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia; pleural effusion; decreased C3, quantitatively increased 24 h urinary protein and fever. The patient was initially treated with glucocorticoids, which resulted in peripheral blood cytopenia and symptom recurrence. Then, caseating granulomas and hemophagocytosis were observed in her bone marrow. She was successfully treated with conventional category 1 antituberculous drugs. In addition, we reviewed the literature on tuberculosis-associated HLH documented in PubMed, including all full-text articles published in English from December 2009 to December 2019, and summarized the key points, including the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis-associated HLH and the differences of the present case from previous reports.CONCLUSIONTuberculosis should be considered in patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. Antituberculous drugs are important for treating tuberculosis-associated HLH.     

Disseminated histoplasmosis associated with acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially life‐threatening clinical syndrome caused by uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes and histiocytes resulting in high levels of cytokines. Acquired HLH occurs in autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, and immunosuppressive disorders. Prompt identification and treatment of an underlying triggering cause improves clinical outcome.     

PD-1 blockader-associated atypical hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A cautionary case report

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal immune hyperactivity syndrome with high mortality. It seriously endangers human health. HLH associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is rare, and no particular diagnostic guidelines or treatment regimens exist. A 36-year-old patient with metastatic right atrial angiosarcoma was treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockader toripalimab and pazopanib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockader. However, the patient presented to our center with HLH, and he accepted combination therapy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and immunotherapy. The patient improved quickly, after only one TPE procedure. Finally, he was discharged after completing two TPE procedures. We summarize a case of PD-1 blocker associated atypical HLH that was successfully treated with TPE. Further evidence is needed to elucidate whether TPE has therapeutic potential for immunotherapy associated HLH.