老年人急性髓系白血病FLT3/ITD基因突变的检测及临床意义

目的 :研究老年人急性髓系白血病 (AML)患者FLT3 /ITD基因突变情况及临床意义。方法 :采用聚合酶链反应检测 3 1例老年人AML患者FLT3基因表达及FLT3 /ITD基因突变。结果 :2 7例老年AML患者FLT3基因检测阳性 ,阳性率为 87 1% ;FLT3 /ITD突变阳性率为 19 4% ( 6/3 1) ,FAB各亚型FLT3 /ITD突变阳性率比较差异无显著意义 ;FLT3 /ITD基因突变阳性老年AML同突变阴性组比较常伴外周血高WBC计数及低完全缓解 (CR )率(P <0 0 5 ) ,即使获CR ,也易出现早期复发。结论 :FLT3 /ITD基因突变阳性老年人AML疗效差 ;老年人AML患者FLT3 /ITD基因突变检测可早期诊断难治复发、判断预后     

急性髓系白血病FLT3基因突变研究

本研究探讨急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia,AML）患者中FMS样酪氨酸激酶3（FLT3）基因内部串联重复突变（ITD）及第二酪氨酸激酶结构域（TKD）点突变及其临床意义。采用基因组DNA—PCR方法检测131例初发AML患者骨髓单个核细胞FLT3基因外显子14、15中ITD突变,采用基因组DNA—PCR结合限制性内切酶酶切方法检测FLT3基因外显子20中TKD点突变。结果表明：131例初治AML患者中,21例（16．0％）FLT3－ITD突变阳性,3例（2．3％）FLT3－TKD点突变阳性,无同一患者同时发生两种突变。FLT3－ITD阳性组初诊时白细胞计数（WBC）及骨髓原始细胞比例高于野生型FLT3（FLT3－wt）组。FLT3－ITD阳性组患者完全缓解（CR）率47．6％,显著低于FLT3－wt88．1％（P〈0．05）。20例M3患者中,FLT3－ITD阳性组及阴性组患者缓解率差异无统计学意义;非M3FLT3－ITD阳性组患者cR率为37．5（6／16例）,显著低于非M3FLT3－wt组患者CR率90．6％（48／53例）（P〈0．05）。阳性组患者完全缓解后14个月（2—20个月）内复发3例,复发率为50％（3／6）,高于FLT3－wt组29．2％（14／48例）。由于FLT3－TKD阳性患者仅3例,未单独进行统计学分析。结论：FLT3基因突变是AML患者中常见的突变,FLT3－ITD突变较FLT3－TKD点突变发生率高,FLT3－ITD有突变的AML患者预后差;FLT3－TKD点突变对预后的影响不明显。临床上早期FLT3基因突变检测对AML患者今后的靶向治疗及了解临床预后有重要意义。     

伴有NPM1基因突变的急性髓细胞白血病患者的临床特征

目的分析急性髓细胞白血病（AML）的NPM1（Nucleophosmin）基因第12外显子突变,探索伴有NPM1基因突变的AML患者的临床特征。方法随机选择98份临床确诊的急性白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者的冻存骨髓细胞标本,其中78份AML、10份急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）和10份MDS提取DNA,行多重PCR,同时扩增NPM1基因第12外显子及FLT3基因第14、15外显子,PCR-毛细管电泳同时检测NPM1和FLT3-ITD基因突变。结果 78例AML患者共检出21例（26.9%）具有NPM1基因突变,10例ALL和10例MDS均未检测出该突变。78例AML中52例核型正常,NPM1阳性19例（36.5%）,26例异常核型AML患者NPM1阳性仅2例（7.7%）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AML-M2、M5患者NPM1基因突变发生率高于其他组。NPM1突变型AML患者WBC中位数为42.0（16.3～102.0）×10^9/L,野生型为14.0（3.4～67.2）×10^9/L,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。21例NPM1突变型AML中12例（57.1%）同时伴有FLT3-ITD,57例NPM1野生型患者13例（22.8%）出现FLT3-ITD突变,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。NPM1阳性FLT3阴性患者9例中8例（88.9%）获得CR1,NPM1阳性FLT3阳性12例中3例（25%）获得CR1,NPM1阴性FLT3阴性33例中16例（48.5%）获得CR1,NPM1阴性FLT3阳性13例中2例（15.4%）获得CR1,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 NPM1基因突变是AML患者常见的一种突变,尤其是染色体核型正常AML患者发生率较高。伴有NPM1突变的AML患者的临床特征为年龄高,外周血白细胞高,更常见于M2和M5中,伴随FLT3-ITD突变发生率高,CR1率较高。     

PCR-SSCP检测急性髓系白血病患者FLT3基因及FLT3/ITD基因突变

目的研究急性髓系白血病（AML）患者DNA水平FLT3基因及其内部串联重复（ITD）突变。方法采用多聚酶链反应（PCR）联合单链构象多态性（SSCP）方法检测43例不同免疫分型AML患者DNA水平FLT3基因及FLT3/ITD基因突变。结果43例AML患者经PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳FLT3基因检测全部阳性,未发现FLT3/ITD基因突变;SSCP电泳FLT3基因检测全部阳性,43例AML患者中有15例（35%）出现FLT3/ITD基因突变。结论PCR-SSCP适用于检测急性髓系白血病FLT3/ITD基因突变分析。     

急性髓系白血病FLT3与NPM1基因突变的研究

FMS样酪氨酸激酶3(FLT3)基因内部串联重复(ITD)是近年在急性髓系白血病(AML)患者中发现的常见突变类型,在AML中的发生率为15%～35%,大量研究显示,FLT3突变与外周血高白细胞、骨髓高白血病细胞比例有关,是AML的重要预后影响因素[1-2],核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM1)基因突变也是AML患者最常见的一种基因突变,突变率为25%～35%,在正常核型AML患者中突变率更高,研究显示单独NPM1突变往往预后较好,但当合并FLT3-ITD突变时预后较差[3-6].我们观察了FLT3和NPM1突变在100例AML患者中的发生情况,分析其临床特征、疗效及预后的关系.     

急性髓系白血病FLT3与NPM1基因突变的研究

FMS样酪氨酸激酶3(FLT3)基因内部串联重复(ITD)是近年在急性髓系白血病(AML)患者中发现的常见突变类型,在AML中的发生率为15%～35%,大量研究显示,FLT3突变与外周血高白细胞、骨髓高白血病细胞比例有关,是AML的重要预后影响因素[1-2],核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM1)基因突变也是AML患者最常见的一种基因突变,突变率为25%～35%,在正常核型AML患者中突变率更高,研究显示单独NPM1突变往往预后较好,但当合并FLT3-ITD突变时预后较差[3-6].我们观察了FLT3和NPM1突变在100例AML患者中的发生情况,分析其临床特征、疗效及预后的关系.     

急性髓系白血病FLT3与NPM1基因突变的研究

FMS样酪氨酸激酶3(FLT3)基因内部串联重复(ITD)是近年在急性髓系白血病(AML)患者中发现的常见突变类型,在AML中的发生率为15%～35%,大量研究显示,FLT3突变与外周血高白细胞、骨髓高白血病细胞比例有关,是AML的重要预后影响因素[1-2],核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM1)基因突变也是AML患者最常见的一种基因突变,突变率为25%～35%,在正常核型AML患者中突变率更高,研究显示单独NPM1突变往往预后较好,但当合并FLT3-ITD突变时预后较差[3-6].我们观察了FLT3和NPM1突变在100例AML患者中的发生情况,分析其临床特征、疗效及预后的关系.     

468例急性白血病患者FLT3基因突变及其预后价值分析

目的 了解以WHO分型诊断的上海地区急性白血病(AI)患者巾fms样酪氨酸激酶-3(FLT3)基凶突变的发生率,以及其对AL的完全缓解(CR)率、无病生存(DFS)时间和总体生存(OS)时间等预后的影响.方法采用PCR方法榆测468例AL患者仞诊时FLT3基因内部串联复制(ITD)突变和D835点突变;随访病例,用Kaplan-Meier和Log-rank等生存率分析方法分析AL患者的预后.结果 468例AL患者中急性髓系白血病(AML)374例(79.9%).其中FLT3-ITD突变59例(15.9%),FLT3-D835点突变15例(4.0%);急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)83例(17.7%),ALL中未检测到FLT3-ITD突变,检出FLT3-D835点突变2例(2.4%).FLT3-ITD突变对AML[去除急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)]患者的CR率、DFS和OS时间均有不良影响,FLT3-ITD突变阳性和阴性组CR率分别为52.3%和71.2%,中位生存时间分别为9个月和18个月.FLT3-ITD突变对APL的CR率无明显影响,但对DFS和OS时间有不良影响.FLT3-D835点突变对AML患者的预后无明显影响.结论 FLT3基因突变在AML中较常发生,其中FLTS-ITD突变对于AML的CR率及OS时间均有明显影响;而FLT3-D835点突变预后意义小大.     

急性髓系白血病患者NPM1、FLT3和C-KIT基因突变的检测及其预后分析

本研究旨在评估NPM1、FLT3和C-KIT基因突变在急性髓系白血病（AML）患者中的发生频率和对预后的影响,并探讨这些突变与临床特点、细胞遗传学及生存情况的关系。对我院2010年8月至2012年10月收治的78例初治AML患者,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序法或毛细管电泳法检测NPM1、FLT3和C-KIT基因的突变情况,了解这些突变阳性患者的临床特征。结果显示,NPM1突变患者在AML中的发生率为14.1%,在正常核型AML中的发生率为26.7%。NPM1基因突变者发病年龄偏高（P〈0.05）,外周血白细胞和血小板数高（P〈0.05）,CD34低表达（P〈0.05）,而在性别比例、骨髓原始细胞比例、血红蛋白浓度、CD117和HLA-DR表达水平、完全缓解（CR）率、总生存（OS）率、复发率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。78例AML患者中9例（11.5%）FLT3-ITD突变阳性,3例FLT3-TKD（3.8%）突变阳性,无同一患者同时发生这两种突变;FLT3-ITD突变者外周血白细胞和骨髓原始细胞比例较高（P〈0.05）,总生存率偏低（P〈0.05）,多见于正常核型（P〈0.05）,而在性别比例、年龄、外周血血小板数、血红蛋白浓度、完全缓解率、复发率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。FLT3-TKD突变例数较少,未单独进行统计学分析。6例（7.7%）C-KIT突变阳性。C-KIT突变在异常核型AML中的发生率较高（P〈0.05）,复发率较高（P〈0.05）,总生存率较低（P〈0.05）,而在性别、年龄、骨髓原始细胞比例、外周血象、完全缓解率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：NPM1、FLT3和C-KIT突变检测有利于指导AML患者的治疗及预后评估。     

恶性血液病FLT3基因突变的检测及临床意义

为了探讨FLT3基因及FLT3内部串联重复（ITD）突变与恶性血液病的关系及临床意义,采用PCR结合DNA测序技术分析32例急性髓系白血病（AML）、18例急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、2例急性杂合性白血病（AHL）、12例骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）、10例慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）、3例非何杰金淋巴瘤（NHL）及9例多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者骨髓单个核细胞中FLT3基因及FLT3/ITD突变,分析FLT3/ITD阳性患者的临床特征及疗效。结果表明：在32例AML患者中5例FLT3/ITD（15.6%）阳性,其中7例M3中1例、10例M4中1例、10例M5中3例;而在18例ALL、2例AHL、12例MDS和10例CML患者中未检测到FLT3/ITD突变;在3例非何杰金淋巴瘤（NHL）、9例多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者中亦未检测到FLT3基因。对2例特征性突变进行了测序,其结果显示,ITD位于外显子14,长度为27-63bp,为单纯串联重复,FLT3/ITD序列包括有2个SH2-结合结构域（YEYV与YEYDLK）,其中1例出现氨基酸的替换,其ITD序列及氨基酸的替换均具有独特性,均未改变FLT3阅读框架。临床研究表明,FLT3/ITD阳性AML患者外周血白细胞数高（p〈0.01）,骨髓原始细胞比例高（p〈0.01）,化疗后有低缓解率趋势。结论：FLT3/ITD突变多见于M5患者,为框内突变。FLT3/ITD阳性的AML患者外周血白细胞数高,骨髓原始细胞比例高,伴低缓解率趋势。FLT3/ITD基因突变可作为预测AML预后的一个指标。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。     

Quality and suitability of antimicrobial discs: theoretical and practical sources of error and variability

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial discs remains one of the main methods for assessing antibiotic activity. Most discs are made to one of three main standards (FDA, WHO, DIN); these all describe an assay method for assessing the quality of discs using a linear method. Theory predicts a curved relationship, and this is backed up in many cases in practice. In such cases, the assays are potentially invalid. Other sources of uncertainty arising from the manufacturing processes employed are also discussed.

Areas covered: This includes error arising from applying FDA, WHO, and DIN standards, the manufacturing techniques employed, and variation in the materials used in production. The need for a specification that relates directly to the use of the discs is also discussed.

Expert opinion: Manufactured discs, some of which may be out of specification due to curvature and other sources of error, have been used to establish quality zone sizes. Quality zone sizes have then been used to measure the quality of discs. This circular quality system where there is no quantitative check is potentially unsafe. In the many decades of their use, there has been no comprehensive check on the quality of manufactured discs using quantitative, validated assays.