剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠经阴道分娩的临床效果观察

目的探讨剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠经阴道分娩的临床效果。方法随机选择2015年6月至2017年6月我院收治的剖宫产后瘢痕子宫实行阴道分娩产妇43例作为观察组,同时选择我院同期的非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩产妇45例作为对照组,观察组产妇采用专门的妊娠期管理,对照组产妇采用常规妊娠期管理。对比两组产妇的阴道分娩成功率、产程时间、产时出血量、会阴侧切率以及先兆子宫破裂、产后出血、新生儿窒息等并发症情况。结果两组产妇分娩方式经比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组产妇产程时间、产时出血量、会阴侧切情况比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组产妇产后出血、新生儿窒息及先兆子宫破裂发生情况经比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的产妇采用阴道分娩方式,安全性较高,具有一定的可行性。     

剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式选择的研究

目的:探讨剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的最佳分娩方式。方法:回顾性分析385例剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠产妇临床资料,依据分娩结局分为阴道分娩69例、急诊剖宫产135例及择期剖宫产181例。比较三组产时出血量、产程、子宫破裂率、产后感染率及新生儿Apgar评分。结果:385例产妇中,选择阴道试产者共91例,阴道试产成功者共69例;选择剖宫产者294例,实际剖宫产共316例,其中急诊剖宫产135例,择期剖宫产181例。阴道试产产妇产时出血量、产程及产后感染率显著低于急诊剖宫产及择期剖宫产(P0.05);择期剖宫产产妇产时出血量、产程显著低于急诊剖宫产(P0.05);三组子宫破裂率及新生儿Apgar评分比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:剖宫产后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠选择阴道试产,出血量少、产程短、产后感染率低,在严格掌握阴道分娩指征的前提下,应适当鼓励阴道试产。     

催产素在剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩中的应用

目的 探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠,经阴道分娩过程中使用催产素的效果.方法 将160例有阴道试产条件的剖宫产后再次妊娠产妇,随机分为A组和B组,各80例,另随机选择同期正常初产妇80例为C组.B、C组产妇给予常规助产技术护理服务;A组产妇在给予常规助产技术护理服务的基础上使用了催产素.比较3组产妇的活跃期产程时间、产后2h出血量、先兆子宫破裂及子宫破裂、新生儿Apgar评分等情况.结果 A组产妇的活跃期时间明显短于B组(P<0.05),A组与C组的产妇活跃期时间无明显差异(P>0.05);3组产妇均无先兆子宫破裂及子宫破裂现象,A、C组新生儿Apgar评分高于B组(P<0.05).结论 在严密监护下,剖宫产术后再次妊娠者,经阴道分娩过程中使用催产素是安全可行的,可明显缩短产程时间,减少产妇疲劳,提高阴道分娩的成功率及新生儿情况.     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩的分娩结局

目的观察剖宫产术后再次足月妊娠的孕产妇的分娩结局。方法选取2012年1月至2014年6月住院部分娩的瘢痕子宫产妇200例为观察组,选取同期住院分娩的初产妇200例为对照组,观察两组产妇的分娩结局。结果观察组经阴道分娩的产妇发生子宫破裂2例,均为阴道试产过程中疑先兆子宫破裂紧急行剖宫产终止妊娠,术中见子宫肌层部分断裂,因处理及时未造成严重后果。观察组剖宫产产妇产后出血率、产后2 h出血量均高于对照组剖宫产者(P0.05),观察组剖宫产分娩剖宫产分娩的产妇产后出血率、产后2 h出血量高于同组阴道分娩产妇(P0.05)。结论阴道分娩未显著增加子宫破裂、产后出血发生率,而再次剖宫产分娩产妇的产后出血率、产后出血量有所增加。     

预警性干预配合全程助产护理在剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇中的应用

目的:探讨预警性干预配合全程助产护理在剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇中的应用效果。方法:将94例剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇随机分为观察组和对照组各47例,对照组给予传统助产护理,观察组实施预警性干预配合全程助产护理。比较两组产妇自然分娩率、胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率、产程时间、产后疼痛及焦虑状况、出血量、护理满意度。结果:观察组自然分娩率、护理满意度高于对照组,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组产程时间短于对照组(P0.05);观察组产后24 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇实施预警性干预配合全程助产护理,可显著提高阴道分娩率,有效缩短产程时间,提高产妇对护理工作的满意度。     

COOK球囊加力助产术在剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩中的应用

目的:探讨COOK球囊加力助产术在剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道分娩中的应用方法及效果。方法:将86例剖宫产术后再次妊娠拟行阴道分娩产妇依据入院先后顺序分为对照组和观察组各43例,对照组采用常规助产护理措施,观察组采用COOK球囊加力助产术,比较两组干预效果。结果:两组产妇子宫过度刺激、顺产转剖宫产发生率、产后出血量及新生儿Apgar评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程及总产程时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:COOK球囊加力助产术能够促进剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩产妇宫颈成熟度,避免宫颈过度刺激,降低顺产转剖宫产风险,缩短产程时间,减少产后出血量,减少新生儿窒息,可行性较高。     

分析疤痕子宫妊娠再次分娩方式的意义研究

选取2013年1月~2015年12月我院妇科收治的瘢痕子宫妊娠再次分娩的孕妇125例,详细记录孕妇分娩结局以及生产出血量,先兆子宫破裂,子宫破裂,新生儿Apgar评分以及产后并发症发生情况。结果 125例孕妇符合阴道试产指征并选择阴道试产的共69例,试产成功的共50例,占72.46%;选择性剖宫产共56例,占44.8%;试产失败后急性剖宫产的19例,占15.2%。选择性剖宫产组出血量与阴道试产成功组差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05);急性剖宫产组出血量均大于其他两组,新生儿Apgar评分小于其他两组,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。阴道试产成功组孕妇分娩后并发症总发生率为2%,再次剖宫产组孕妇分娩后并发症总发生率为21.33%,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05);选择性剖宫产组无先兆子宫破裂及子宫破裂,阴道试产组出现1例先兆子宫破裂,行加急剖宫产未发生子宫破裂,母儿结局良好。瘢痕子宫再次妊娠,阴道试产是可行的,但是临床对于其分娩方式的选择还应根据孕妇自身情况,严格按照其指征并在孕妇知情同意的情况下选择分娩方式,产程中严格以专人监护及胎心监测,母婴安全为首要原则,降低医疗风险性。     

不同剂量间苯三酚对产妇心理、产程及胎儿的影响研究

目的分析不同剂量间苯三酚对产妇心理、产程时间及胎儿健康的影响。方法将2012年6月到2013年6月收治的120例无妊娠综合征及并发症的健康初产妇分为3个组:A组给予静脉注射80mg间苯三酚,B组给予静脉注射120mg间苯三酚,C组给予静脉注射160mg间苯三酚,每组各40例。观察并比较3个组产妇的心理状态、用药后宫口开大情况、产程时间、剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率、羊水污染率、产后出血发生率及不良反应情况。结果 3个组产妇产后SAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.514,3.522,4.695,P0.05);用药后,3个组产妇第一产程时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),第二产程比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);用药后40min和2h3个组产妇宫口开大情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3个组产妇剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率、羊水污染率、产后出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.313,2.051,0.120,0.287,均P0.05);3个组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.959,P0.05)。结论在分娩过程中规范静脉注射160mg间苯三酚即可达到临床目的,明显促进产程、改善产妇焦虑状态、保证母婴健康,安全高效,且不良反应少,值得临床进一步研究推广。     

导乐分娩联合益气助产汤、间苯三酚在产妇生产中的应用效果

目的探讨益气助产汤联合间苯三酚在产妇生产中的应用效果。方法选取2016年6月至2017年6月于我院就诊的产妇60例为研究对象,随机将其等分为观察组与对照组。观察组给予益气助产汤联合间苯三酚干预,对照组不给予任何药物干预,比较两组产妇的产程耗时、新生儿Apgar评分、产后出血量、分娩方式、疼痛程度。结果观察组产妇的第一、第二产程时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);两组产妇新生儿Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组产妇产后出血量明显少于对照组(P0.05);两组产妇的分娩方式与疼痛程度比较均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论对产妇给予益气助产汤联合间苯三酚进行干预,效果显著,便于增加产妇产力,缩短产程时间,减少产后出血量,值得临床推广应用。     

催产素联合间苯三酚在产程中的应用

观察催产素联合间苯三酚在产程中的应用效果及安全性。选择265例正常足月孕妇,采用随机数字隐匿法分为两组,观察组132例产妇运用催产素联合间苯三酚,对照组133例产妇予常规操作,对两组各产程时间、分娩结局及不良反应进行比较。观察组剖宫产与阴道分娩率分别为11.36%和88.64%,胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率分别为5.30%和1.52%,均明显低于对照组,观察组第一产程用时明显短于对照组,总产程明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有显著性(P0.05)。两组产后出血发生率比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。第二、第三产程用时比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。两组孕产妇均无明显不良反应。催产素联合间苯三酚可缩短产程,降低剖宫产率。且可降低母儿并发症。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.