Treatment of 120 Cases of Shoulder Periarthritis by Acupuncture and Tuina

The author has treated 120 cases of frozen shoulder from 2004, with the therapy of penetrating needling from Yemen （TE 2） toward Zhongzhu （TE 3）, from Tiaokou （ST 38） toward Chengshan （BL 57）, and deeply needling Jugu （LI 16）, together with Tuina manipulations on shoulder. The summarization is now given as follows.     

Considerations on Prevention of Diseases and Healthcare by TCM Tuina

World Health Organization （WHO） points out that medicine in 21 st century will develop from ＂emphasis on treatment＂ to ＂emphasis on prevention＂ and will develop from biological treatment to psychosomatic comprehensive treatment. The triggering point in modem medicine is now shifting from ＂diseased conditions＂ to ＂potential diseases＂. Based upon the theory of ＂prevention of diseases and healthcare＂, science of prevention in Chinese medicine is in obvious prospect. The manual techniques and skills of Chinese massage therapy as TCM preventive and therapeutic means has attracted more and more attention in modem medicine.     

Cytological and biochemical studies during the progression of alloxan-induced diabetes and possible protection of an aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer

Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one. This study was designed to evaluate the cytological and biochemical properties, and comparative ameliorating effects, of an aqueous extract of Costus afer Ker Gawl.（Costaceae） leaf and glibenclamide（GBM）, in liver, kidney, and pancreatic injury induced by alloxan. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six weight-matched groups. Group one served as the negative control（non-induced and non-treated, control）, while groups 2–6 were alloxan-induced diabetic groups. Group 2 served as a positive control（induced and non-treated, IC）, groups 3–5 were treated with different doses of the extract（375, 750, and 1 125 mg/kg body weight） and glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight, absolute and relative organ weights, food and fluid intake, levels of serum glucose and liver enzymes and kidney parameters were calculated and compared. Hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells of diabetic rats, in diabetic non-treated and treated rats were harvested and examined histopathologically. There was dose dependent amelioration on the injuries induced by alloxan on both hepatocytes, renal tubules, and pancreatic cells after treatment with Costus afer. The glucose level was reduced significantly in the Costus afer treated diabetic rats compared with the non-treated diabetic group. Costus afer leaves seem to be effective against diabetic cell injury induced in rat liver, kidney, and pancreas.     

夏翔治疗颈椎病经验

夏翔（1938-）,上海市人,1962年毕业于上海中医药大学医疗系。上海市第二医科大学附属瑞金医院中医科教授、主任医师。1995年获“上海市名中医”称号,并获国务院“政府特殊津贴”,1997年被评为“全国老中医药专家学术经验继承班”指导老师。主持市级以上科研课题多项,其中2004年“百岁方治疗血管性痴呆的临床和实验研究”获上海市科技进步三等奖。长期从事中医老年病的临床诊疗、科学研究及教学工作。临床经验丰富。     

Using acupoint-to-acupoint penetrative needling to treat poststroke spastic paralysis： a clinical progress review

OBJECTIVE： To determine the characteristics and advantages of acupoint-to-acupoint penetrative needling（AAPN） treatment for post-stroke spastic paralysis（PSSP） to improve the clinical outcomes of this disease in the future.METHODS： Randomized, controlled trials of PSSP patients receiving AAPN treatment were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database between January 2006 and June 2013. Key words included： clinic or clinical, acupuncture, needling, acupoint-to-acupoint, penetrative or penetration or penetrating,stroke or apoplexy or cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, spastic paralysis or spasticity or palsy,and hypermyotonia. Language was limited to English and Chinese. Case series reports, review articles, and animal studies were excluded.RESULTS： AAPN showed better clinical results on PSSP than other acupuncture treatments, especially when combined with adjunct therapies such as electroacupuncture, bloodletting, and rehabilitation. The greatest benefit was achieved with rehabilitation combined with penetration from Yang-channel acupoints to Yin-channel acupoints in the upper limbs, and from Yin-channel acupoints to Yang-channel acupoints in the lower limbs with a reinforcing maneuver.CONCLUSION： AAPN is an effective treatment for PSSP, and it can accelerate and enhance functional repair of PSSP patients.     

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai： chemistry,traditional use and pharmacology

Oplopanax elatus（Nakai） Nakai, a member of the ancient angiosperm plant family Araliaceae, is used for the treatment of different disorders in the medicine systems of China, Russia, and Korea, and was designated in Russia as a classical adaptogen. Despite extensive studies of classical adaptogens, there are comparatively few reports concerning the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of O. elatus in English. The plant is a potential source of saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenes, and other active compounds. Experimental studies and clinical applications have indicated that O. elatus possesses a number of pharmacological activities, including adaptogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, blood pressure modulating, and reproductive function effects. In this review, the chemistry, safety, and therapeutic potential of O. elatus are summarized and highlighted to encourage the further development of this plant.     

Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and Lentinus edodes enhance 5-fluorouracil-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition

OBJECTIVE： Few studies have investigated the ef- fects produced by combinations of polysaccharides and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. We hypothesized that a combination of polysaccha- rides （COP） from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake would improve the efficacy of 5-fluoro- uracil （5-FU）-mediated inhibition of H22 cell growth. METHODS： Mice were injected H22 cells and then treated with either 5-FU, polysaccharides from Tri- choloma matsutake （PTM）, polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes （PL）, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PTM, 5-FU ＋ PL, or 5-FU ＋ COR The tumor weight and volume, and splenic CD4 ＋ and CD8 ＋ T cell frequencies, were determined. Additionally, splenic natural killer （NK） cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte （CTL） activities were assessed and the serum levels of tumor necro- sis factor-a （TNF-a）, Interleukin-2 （IL-2）, and Interfer- on-y （IFN-y） were measured. RESULTS： Compared with mice from the control,5-FU, PL, PTM, PTM ＋ PL, 5-FU ＋ PL, and 5-FU ＋ PTM groups, mice treated with 5-FU ＋ COP showed： （a） significantly reduced tumor weight and volume （P〈 0.05）, （b） significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-y （P〈0.05）, （c） significantly increased CD4＋ and CD8＋ 1 cell frequencies in the spleen （P〈 0.05）, and （d） significantly increased splenic NK cell and CTL activities （P〈0.05）. The tumor weight and volume in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM were significantly reduced compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. Serum levels of TNF-α, 11.-2, and IFN-y, frequencies of CD4 ＋ and CD8＋ T cells in the spleen, and splenic NK and CTL activities were also significantly increased in mice treated with 5-FU＋PL or 5-FU＋PTM compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU-mediated H22 cell growth inhi- bition.     

Effect of Zhuyeshigao granule on tumor necrosis factor-a and inter- leukins serum protein levels in rats with radiation esophagitis

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Zhuyesh- igao granule （ZSG） on tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in rats with radiation esophagitis. METHODS： Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divid- ed into five groups （10 rats in each group）： con- trol （without radiation）, saline-treated, and low, medium, and high-dose ISG-treated groups. Rats were given normal saline （10 mL/kg） or 1.15, 2.3, or 4.6 g/kg ZSG by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days. A rat model of radiation esophagi- tis was established by local irradiation of Co60 （490.25 cGy/min, totaling 30 Gy）. The administra- tion of ZSG was continued for another 7 days and on the 7th day post-irradiation, inferior vena cavablood was collected. The serum was separated, and TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, 11_-6, and IL-8 protein levels were determined. RESULTS： Inflammatory response factors were found in the serum of each group. However, levels in ZSG-treated groups were significantly lower than in the saline-treated group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： ZSG may prevent the development of radiation esophagitis, perhaps by inhibiting the generation and release of the inflammatory re- sponse factors TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8.     

刘公望运用经方治疗放化疗不良反应验案2则

恶性肿瘤的致死率甚高,源自上皮组织者称为癌,源自间叶非上皮组织者称为肉瘤,二者均病情凶险,预后恶劣。目前肿瘤的治疗有外科手术治疗、放射治疗及化学治疗。在放化疗过程中往往发生毒副作用,导致患者的抵抗力下降,严重时可影响治疗的继续进行。刘公望教授巧用经方治疗放化疗后引起的毒副反应,收效良好。现举医案2则,以飨读者。     

Antidepressant-like effect of essential oil of Perilla frutescens in a chronic,unpredictable, mild stress-induced depression model mice

Perilla frutescens（Perilla leaf）, a garnishing vegetable in East Asian countries, as well as a plant-based medicine, has been used for centuries to treat various conditions, including depression. Several studies have demonstrated that the essential oil of P. frutescens（EOPF） attenuated the depressive-like behavior in mice. The present study was designed to test the anti-depressant effects of EOPF and the possible mechanisms in an chronic, unpredictable, mild stress（CUMS）-induced mouse model. With the exposure to stressor once daily for five consecutive weeks, EOPF（3, 6, and 9 mg·kg-1） and a positive control drug fluoxetine（20 mg·kg-1） were administered through gastric intubation to mice once daily for three consecutive weeks from the 3rd week. Open-field test, sucrose consumption test, tail suspension test（TST）, and forced swimming test（FST） were used to evaluate the behavioral activity. The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid（5-HIAA）, in mouse hippocampus were determined by HPLC–ECD. Serum interleukin（IL）-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The results showed that CUMS significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus, with an increase in plasma IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. CUMS also reduced open-field activity, sucrose consumption, as well as increased immobility duration in FST and TST. EOPF administration could effectively reverse the alterations in the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA; reduce the IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. Moreover, EOPF could effectively reverse alterations in immobility duration, sucrose consumption, and open-field activity. However, the effect was not dose-dependent. In conclusion, EOPF administration exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects in mice with CUMS-induced depression. The antidepressant activity of EOPF might be related to the relation between alteration of seroto     

中药膏方治疗疑难杂症验案4则

所谓膏方又称膏滋方,具有治病纠偏,滋补强身等多种作用。时下在江南一带时兴冬令以膏方进补,实际上是中药传统剂型的丸、散、膏、丹、汤、酒、露、锭八种剂型之一。由于服用方便、疗效显著,在一年四季均可服用,尤其是针对一些需长期服药的慢性病或疑难顽症,更适合以膏方来调治。现代家庭多具备冰箱冷藏的条件,这为膏剂的收藏提供了方便。因此,更可以提倡以膏方剂型来治疗诸多慢性疾病。笔者常不拘季节以膏方为主,根据辨证施治原则来治疗某些疑难病症,现撷取4则医案,以飨读者,不当之处,请多赐教为盼。     

Clinical Application of Yongquan （KI 1）Acupointd

Yongquan （KI 1） is the Jing-Well point of Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin. It can be used to treat many kinds of diseases, such as parietal headache, vertigo and blurred vision, hypopharynx swelling and pain, dry tongue, voice loss, epistaxis, apoplexy and apoplectic sequela, dysufia, ungratifying defecation, epilepsy, syncope, planter fever, palpitations, lower limbs spasm, hypertension, vomiting, infantile convulsion. The author applied Yongquan （KI 1） in clinical practice and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. Now five cases were introduced as follows.     

马云枝教授运用越鞠丸验案举隅

越鞠丸为元代医家朱丹溪创立的名方,由香附、川芎、苍术、神曲、栀子五味药组成,主治气、血、火、痰、湿、食六郁。《丹溪心法＆#183;六郁》中谓：“人气血冲和,万病不生,一有怫郁,诸病生焉。故人生诸病,多生于郁。”故拟越鞠丸行气解郁,气行则血行,气畅则诸郁自解。全国名老中医专家马云枝教授在多年的临床实践中,善用越鞠丸加减治疗因郁而致失眠、头痛、眩晕、梅核气等内科疾病,取得了良好的疗效,现举病案如下。     

Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of a unique polysaccharide from the medicinal fungus Flammulina velutipes in vitro.METHODS： Using water extraction and alcohol precipitation, crude polysaccharides were obtained. After purification by DEAE-cellulose 52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 HR gel filtration chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography equipped with evaporative light-scattering detector, Infrared radiation and Nuclear magnetic resonance were used to evaluate the structure of the polysaccharide. Its immunomodulatory activity was measured by examining the production of nitric oxide（NO） and cytokine secretion, and via lymphocyte proliferation experiments. Its effects on the scavenging activities of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and reducing power were also measured.RESULTS： A water-soluble polysaccharide, Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide I-A（FVP I-A）, was obtained with a molecular mass of 8.14×104Da determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. An in vitro antioxidant assay indicated that FVP I-A could scavenge hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and possessed reducing power and could largely promote NO production and augment the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion by RAW264.7 macrophages（P〈0.05）. Moreover, FVP I-A could promote lymphocyte proliferation（P〈0.05）, and synergistically enhance the augmentation of the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes by concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides（P〈0.01, P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： The FVP I-A obtained from Flammulina velutipes possessed antioxidant activity and could enhance non-specific and specific immune responses in vitro.     

Characteristics of Mang Needle Therapy and Its Clinical Application

Mang needle （elongated needle, 芒针） is evolved from the long needle, one kind of nine needles in the ancient times, and is primarily characterized by its long needle-body and its arrival at the deep tissues of the body. However, because of the particularity of the physiology and anatomy of some diseases, direct deep puncturing can＇t reach the due tissues, thus the treatment results are affected. Based upon the deep puncturing of Mang needle and the physiology and anatomy of the human body, professor YANG Zhao-gang, a well-known acupuncturist, has made many improvements and innovations, in his long-term clinical practice, in the manipulations and indications of Mang needle, consequently to establish a series of unique puncturing techniques of Mang needle, which work excellently on some difficult and complicated diseases. This Mang needle therapy is introduced as follows.     

Effect of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in terms of radial artery sphygmogram

OBJECTIVE： To investigate a quantitative method for using radial artery pulse waveforms to assess the effect of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass（CPB）.METHODS： A total of 34 adults with heart disease who underwent open-heart surgery between April2010 and January 2011 were randomized into a pulsatile perfusion group（n=17） and a non-pulsatile perfusion group（n=17）. Radial arterial pulse waveforms of pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion patients were observed and compared before and during CPB.RESULTS： No pulse waveform could be detected at patients＇ radial artery in both groups when the aorta was cross-clamped. Pulse waveforms could be detected at pulsatile perfusion patients＇ radial artery, but could not be detected at non-pulsatile perfusion patients＇ radial artery during CPB. Additionally, patients＇ pulse waveforms during pulsatile perfusion were lower than those before the operation.CONCLUSION： Our findings indicate that radial artery sphygmogram can be used as a valid indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of pulsatile perfusion during CPB.     

更年期综合征辨治3则

更年期综合征是指妇女绝经前后,由于卵巢功能衰退而出现的一系列以自主神经紊乱为主的系列症状,如月经紊乱、烘热汗出、面红潮热、心悸怔忡,甚或情志异常,或面目肢体浮肿、尿频失禁、腰膝酸软等。笔者采用中医药疗法治疗更年期综合征,疗效较好。现举例如下。     

Efficacy of Saam acupuncture treatment on improvement of immune cell numbers in cancer patients： a pilot study

OBJECTIVE： To collect preliminary data on the effects of Saam acupuncture with regard to the immunity in cancer patients.METHODS： Ten cancer patients were analyzed for improvements in immunity. Acupuncture was applied at the 5 acupuncture points, Jingqu（LU 8）, Zutonggu（BL 66）, Yanggu（SI 5）, Yangchi（TE 4）, and Zhongwan（CV 12） for 2 weeks with 4 sessions. We assessed the effect of Korean Saam acupuncture on the immune system in cancer patients by measuring particular blood cell subsets, including CD3 ＋,CD4＋, CD8＋, CD19＋, and CD56＋ cells, as well as total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and fatigue score. The measurement was performed before and after acupuncture and at a 2-week follow-up.RESULTS： There was a statistically significant increase in the number of CD3＋（P=0.023） and CD8＋ cells（P〈0.001） and T-cell subsets, as well as a decrease in the fatigue severity scale（FSS） score（P=0.001） after Saam acupuncture using the 5 acupoints.CONCLUSION： Acupuncture may improve the immune system by increasing the counts of a few immune cells and relieve fatigue in cancer patients by decreasing FSS scores. Although this was a non-controlled study, it constitutes preliminary research investigating the potential effects of Saam acupuncture in increasing the counts of several immune cells in cancer patients.     

李振华辨治单纯性肥胖症验案1则

李振华教授出生于中医世家,其父为豫西名医,幼承庭训,后从事中医临床、教学及科研工作凡60载,其临床经验丰富,学术造诣精湛,为全国首批名老中医,擅长治疗急性热病、脾胃病及疑难杂病。笔者侍诊李老身侧,撷其治疗肥胖症验案介绍如下,以飨同道。1病案实录张某,男,45岁。初诊日期:2005年8月12日。患者患肥胖症3年,慢性胃炎病史7年余。3年前无明显诱因出现肥胖,以致行走困难,不能工作。3年来,经多方检查,仅发现三酰甘油轻度升高,余无异常,按内分泌紊乱治疗亦未取效。现症见:身体肥胖,头昏沉,倦怠乏力,动则易汗,多梦健忘;食后腹胀,大便溏薄,每日2~3次;舌质淡,舌体胖大,边有齿痕,苔白腻,脉濡缓。查体:面色白,身体呈对称性肥胖,体质量92.5kg,身高175cm,血压150/100mmHg;甲状腺无肿大,心肺无异常,皮肤无紫纹;腹壁脂肪厚,下肢轻度凹陷性浮肿。肝肾功能检查无异常。西医诊断:肥胖症,特发性水肿;中医诊断:肥胖,水肿;中医辨证:脾胃气虚,痰湿阻滞。治法:健脾益气,祛湿化痰;方以健脾豁痰汤加味(经验方)。处方:白术10g,茯苓20g,泽泻18g,玉米须30g,桂枝6g,半夏10g,厚朴10g,砂仁8g,广木...