张杰教授辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎特色探析

[目的]总结柴可群教授运用四则四法治疗肺间质纤维化的临证经验。[方法]通过随师门诊,整理相关医案,分析柴师对肺间质纤维化病因病机的认识,阐述柴师运用四则四法治疗肺间质纤维化的理论基础和临证用药经验,并附临床案例加以验证。[结果]柴师认为,肺间质纤维化的病因病机主要是肺、脾、肾虚损与气滞、血瘀、湿浊、痰毒等邪实互结,采用扶正为本、祛邪有度、全程调神、随证而治的四则和健脾补肾、化痰解毒、疏肝解郁、温阳通络四法进行辨治,可取得良好的疗效。所举验案中患者辨为肺脾肾虚、痰毒血瘀证,柴师拟补肺益气、健脾益肾、化痰解毒、活血化瘀法随证加减,疗效显著。[结论]柴师运用四则四法治疗肺间质纤维化疗效显著,对临床有较好的指导意义,值得学习和传承。     

国医大师周仲瑛从痰瘀热结辨治系统性硬化症经验撷要

[目的] 总结国医大师周仲瑛从痰瘀热结复合病机治疗系统性硬化症的临证经验,为临床提供参考。[方法] 通过临床学习、收集整理周老治疗系统性硬化症的医案,从病因病机、辨机论治、用药特色等方面阐述周老治疗该病的临床经验,并举医案一则加以佐证。[结果] 周老认为,系统性硬化症的病机关键为痰瘀热结,病理因素以“痰、瘀、热”为主导,三者转化相兼,复合为患,贯穿病程始终;根据病情进展及病理因素的演变,治疗多从痰瘀热结复合病机入手。痰瘀内生,胶结为患,治宜化痰祛瘀、逐邪蠲痹;痰热蕴结,热扰则发,治宜清化痰热、宣痹散结;瘀热相搏,血热鸱张,治宜凉血散瘀、寓透于清;伤阴耗气,虚热内生,治宜益气养阴、扶正祛邪。文中所附验案,周老辨为痰瘀热结、风湿痹阻、气阴两伤证,治以化痰祛瘀、透热蠲痹、益气养阴,方用白薇煎合秦艽鳖甲散加减。[结论] 国医大师周仲瑛倡导辨证宜首重病机,从痰瘀热结复合病机辨治系统性硬化症,复法合治,灵活遣方,疗效显著,其经验值得传承推广。     

韩新民从风痰论治儿童抽动症经验

[目的]总结韩新民教授从风痰论治儿童抽动症的学术观点及临床经验。[方法]通过跟随韩新民教授临诊,记录并学习相关医案、分析典型病例,从病因病机、治法方药等方面总结归纳韩新民教授从风痰论治儿童抽动症的学术观点和临床经验,并例举验案一则以佐证。[结果]韩新民教授认为儿童抽动症属中医肝风范畴,病位主要责之于肝,其发病与肺、脾、肾密切相关,提出儿童抽动症实证的病机关键在于风动痰扰,治疗上强调熄风涤痰,自拟熄风涤痰汤应用于临床,并配合平肝、宣肺、理脾、益肾、补血活血等治法随证加减,疗效显著。[结论]韩新民教授从风痰论治儿童抽动症的学术思想及临床经验在实践中行之有效,熄风涤痰汤治疗儿童抽动症疗效显著,值得进一步深入研究。     

《魏氏验案类编初集》旋覆代赭汤临证解析

[目的]分析《魏氏验案类编初集》中魏长春应用旋覆代赭汤的经验,以期对旋覆代赭汤的临床应用提供借鉴。[方法]通过阅读《魏氏验案类编初集》,选择其中五则运用旋覆代赭汤的医案,从处方用药着手,分析其遣方用药原则和药物配伍特点,从而总结其应用旋覆代赭汤的经验。[结果]从五则医案分析,魏氏运用旋覆代赭汤多取其降逆功能,并结合其他治法辨证论治,以使脏腑气机恢复正常。如以通络降逆、和营调中法治疗痰瘀咳嗽;以下气化痰、镇纳肾气法治疗痰饮虚喘;以降逆化饮、益气和胃法治疗溢饮咳逆;以重镇摄纳、降逆和中法治疗元虚呃逆;以补中降逆、温补脾肾法治疗虚寒呕吐。魏氏临证应用时加减灵活,待气机条畅后,中病即止。[结论]魏氏辨证入微,遣药有度,既善用旋覆代赭汤,又灵活加减变通,尤善顾护胃气,拓宽了旋覆代赭汤的临床运用思路。     

曾庆琪教授运用经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病经验

[目的]总结曾庆琪教授运用经方诊治失眠合并生殖系统疾病的学术经验。[方法]通过跟诊学习,阅读古籍,整理相关临床医案,从失眠的经方治疗、生殖系统疾病的经方治疗、失眠合并生殖系统疾病的中医异病同治思路等方面,分析曾师治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病的临床经验,并佐医案以论证。[结果]曾师治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病遵循中医异病同治理念,主张运用基于大中医观的辨体-辨病-辨证-辨局部-辨微观的“五辨”诊疗模式,用药重视因势利导、温清并用、通补兼施,认为经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病取效的关键在于处理好“抑亢”与“释放”的问题,重视心（脑）、心肾之间关系的调和,既要疏通以治其标,亦要培补以治其本。所举两则医案中,案一患者失眠合并阳痿,辨为肝郁气滞、脾肾两虚证,治以四逆散合肾气丸化裁;案二患者失眠合并月经病,辨为心肾不交、冲任虚寒、瘀阻胞宫证,治以黄连阿胶汤合栀子豉汤合温经汤化裁,悉用经方,皆获良效。[结论]曾师擅用经方治疗失眠合并生殖系统疾病,辨证灵活,用方精当,疗效确切,其丰富的临床经验值得临床学习和进一步推广。     

王旭教授从肝脾肾分期论治甲亢突眼的经验

[目的]探讨王旭教授从肝脾肾三脏分期治疗甲亢突眼的学术观点和临床经验。[方法]从甲亢突眼的病因病机、临床表现、转归、治疗方法与肝脾肾三脏关系方面论述王旭教授诊治甲亢突眼的学术观点及临床经验,最后列医案进行佐证。[结果]王旭教授认为本病的发病与肝脾肾三脏功能失调密切相关,其基本病机为"肝郁化火生痰,痰火上扰空窍,日久损及脾肾",痰浊瘀血是其重要病理因素,因此主张从肝脾肾分期论治甲亢突眼;常用清肝养肝、健脾祛湿、化痰祛瘀、滋补肝肾等治疗方法,临床取得满意疗效。[结论]王旭教授治疗甲亢突眼的临床经验行之有效,值得进一步推广与应用。     

从《临证指南医案》探析叶天士治疗喘证的思路与方法

[目的]探讨医学大家叶天士治疗喘证的思路及方法。[方法]收集叶天士《临证指南医案》中治疗喘证的医案及处方,对处方进行整理、分析,归纳其治喘思路及方法。[结果]叶氏认为,肺系疾病不外乎咳、痰、喘,治喘本乎肺,却不拘泥于肺。叶氏治喘,以肺体为中心,着眼于肾、肝、脾胃、三焦等脏腑,依据脏腑经络、气血阴阳的相互关联及转化,分而治之。治疗喘证以辨阴阳、辨虚实、辨脏腑、辨缓急为特点,治疗方法包括温肺化饮法、清热泻肺法、宣肺利水法、补中益气法、补肾纳气法、温阳利饮法、分消走泄法、降气活血法、益胃养阴法、固元收摄法10种。[结论]叶氏治喘求古博新,以肺体为中心,着眼于肾、肝、脾胃、三焦等脏腑,依据脏腑经络、气血阴阳的相互关联及转化,分而治之。其治疗经验值得后辈医者探讨学习。     

宋康教授从畅宣肺络论治肺癌的临证经验

[目的]总结导师宋康教授运用畅宣肺络法论治肺癌的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师临证和整理宋师运用畅宣肺络法治疗肺癌的医案,从辨病溯源、承古创新,热毒阴阳、气形互化,分证论治、以通为用和兼症治疗四方面分析总结宋康教授治疗肺癌的学术观点和临床经验,并例举一验案佐证。[结果]宋康教授治疗肺癌主张从肺气失调、热毒停络立论,认为肺癌的发生为肺的气机失调,壅塞不通,继而气血津液输布失常,痰、瘀、毒等壅塞络脉,络息成积,治疗以清热解毒为总纲,以"调肺气,畅肺络,气形同治,以通为用"为基本原则,以肺脾肾为本,常用清、消、补三法。所举验案,疗效肯定。[结论]宋康教授从调肺气、畅肺络论治肺癌的学术观点为临床提供了新思路,临床疗效肯定,值得推广与应用。     

何若苹从益气养阴法辨治肺癌咳嗽经验探析

[目的]探讨何若苹教授运用益气养阴法辨治肺癌咳嗽的临床经验。[方法]通过临证学习，总结何师对肺癌咳嗽病因病机的认识及辨证论治，阐述何师治疗该病的临床经验，并附验案一则。[结果]何师认为，肺癌咳嗽病性属本虚标实，以气阴亏虚为本，风邪、气滞、血瘀、痰浊、热毒为标，并根据临床症状将其分为气阴亏虚、外邪袭肺、痰热壅肺、气滞血瘀、脾肾两虚5个证型，分别治以扶正祛邪、益气养阴，急则治标、祛邪止咳，清肺解毒、化痰止咳，理气疏肝、化瘀止咳和培土生金、补肾纳气，以参芪苓蛇汤、止嗽散、清金化痰汤等方加减治疗，效如桴鼓。在本例医案中，何师针对癌毒留积、痰浊阻肺证，运用益气养阴法，诸药相合，使热除痰消气顺，咳嗽自愈。[结论]何师治疗肺癌咳嗽以益气养阴为根本大法，详审病机，准确辨证，灵活遣方用药，临床疗效确切，其经验值得学习推广。     

王孟英痰证辨治特色浅析

[目的]探究清代温病大家王孟英所著《王氏医案》一书有关痰证的学术思想及临证诊疗经验。[方法]通过对《王氏医案》的系统研习,从辨病求因、临证组方遣药、临床学术价值等方面,对王孟英有关痰证学术思想及临证诊疗经验作出研讨。[结果]王氏辨治痰证,独具慧眼,注重审症求因。痰证病因归咎体内所固有之痰、温病进程中病理产物;病机多责之于火及气机不调;临证治痰,以肺为中心,重在斡旋枢机,同时根据病证不同,从脾、肝、肾、心进行施治,组方用药,灵活多变。[结论]《王氏医案》内容丰富,其对痰证诊治颇有心得体会,诊治痰证,不落窠臼,究其病因病机,责之于火、肺之气机不调,临证重在治肺,兼顾他脏之调摄,时值今日,其论治痰证思想及诊疗经验对临床疾病治疗仍有重要指导意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.