大鼠骨髓基质干细胞的培养鉴定及向成骨细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的研究体外培养大鼠骨髓基质于细胞的方法及其生长特点和成骨能力。方法通过贴壁培养法和密度梯度离心法分离成年大鼠骨髓基质干细胞，应用含维生素C、地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠的诱导分化培养液定向诱导传代细胞向成骨细胞分化，检测碱性磷酸酶活性和细胞矿化作用。结果原代培养基质干细胞首先形成细胞集落，14d时集落间接近融合；传代细胞体积变大，约5～7d传代一次。诱导条件下，细胞碱性磷酸酶活性明显增高，并出现了矿化结节。结论骨髓基质干细胞易于体外分离培养及扩增，成骨能力较强，可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

尾悬吊大鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外分化能力及相关因子的表达

背景:尾悬吊模拟失重可造成骨丢失,骨髓基质干细胞增殖能力与分化方向也直接影响着骨髓腔内细胞水平骨代谢的平衡并最终改变骨的质量。目的:观察尾悬吊大鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化的能力及相关因子的表达。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、尾悬吊组。取大鼠骨髓细胞体外培养,传1代后分别向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞两个方向诱导分化,成骨组第16天行碱性磷酸酶染色,第28天检测细胞外基质矿化能力,real-timePCR法检测第28天骨形态发生蛋白2mRNA的表达,成脂组第21天检测脂蛋白酯酶的比活性及mRNA的表达,第30天油红O法检测脂滴形成能力。结果及结论:尾悬吊组大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化早期碱性磷酸酶阳性细胞表达率显著高于对照组,但分化晚期骨形态发生蛋白2mRNA的表达水平及细胞外基质矿化能力较对照组显著降低;尾悬吊大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成脂分化过程中脂蛋白酯酶的表达、比活性及脂滴形成能力均显著高于对照组。说明尾悬吊可潜在刺激骨髓基质干细胞早期成骨分化能力,但显著抑制其矿化能力,从而抑制成骨,其机制可能与抑制骨形态发生蛋白2的表达有关;可显著促进骨髓基质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化。尾悬吊造成大鼠骨量的丢失可能与其对骨髓基质干细胞分化方向的影响有关。     

骨髓基质细胞的成骨分化

目的观察兔骨髓基质细胞的生长特点及诱导条件下的成骨能力。方法使用密度梯度离心分离兔骨髓基质细胞进行培养,保留贴壁细胞传代,观察在培养液中添加地塞米松、维生素C、β-甘油磷酸钠条件下骨髓基质细胞生长及成骨分化情况。结果骨髓基质细胞呈成纤维细胞样表现,增殖能力强。诱导条件下第2代细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性明显增高,10～12d达到最高峰,并且出现矿化结节。结论使用本实验方法,获得的骨髓基质细胞可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞生物学行为的影响

背景:国内外对骨形态发生蛋白7的研究倾向于其在组织工程方面的应用,但是骨形态发生蛋白7除具有很强的骨诱导活性之外,还影响动物生殖系统的生长发育及生理功能,如何在充分发挥其骨诱导活性的同时,避免其他生物学作用,是骨组织工程领域面临的一个难题.目的:观察人工合成的新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞增殖、成骨分化及矿化等生物学行为影响.方法:分离培养大鼠骨髓基质干细胞并用流式细胞仪进行鉴定.将传至第3代的骨髓基质干细胞分为实验组和对照组,实验组在培养基加入终质量浓度为100 mg/L的骨形态发生蛋白7多肽,对照组不加多肽.分别在培养的2,4,6,8,10 d对各组细胞进行MTT检测,评价其增殖情况;培养7,14 d后,通过检测细胞内钙含量和碱性磷酸酶活性评价其成骨分化情况,并进行钙黄绿素染色观察其矿化情况.结果与结论:原代培养大鼠骨髓基质干细胞生长良好,其纯度达到91.5%.细胞增殖实验显示骨髓基质干细胞在实验组和对照组中均增殖良好,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);诱导培养7 d和14 d后,实验组碱性磷酸酶活性及钙含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),实验组细胞矿化明显强于对照组.实验结果表明新型骨形态发生蛋白7多肽对骨髓基质干细胞增殖没有显著影响,但可以促进其向成骨方向分化及矿化.     

骨髓基质细胞的成骨分化

目的 观察兔骨髓基质2细胞的生长特点及诱导条件下的成骨能力。方法 使用密度梯度离心分离兔骨髓基质细胞进行培养，保留贴壁细胞传代，观察在培养液中添加地塞米松，维生素C，β-甘油磷酸钠条件下骨髓基质细胞生长及成骨分化情况。结果 骨髓基质细胞呈成纤维细胞增表现，增殖能力强。诱导条件下第2代细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性明显增高，10－12d达到最高峰，并且出现矿化结节。结论 使用本实验方法，获得的骨髓基质细胞可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

姜黄素调控大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化

背景:姜黄素能明显降低破骨细胞的骨重吸收,诱导破骨细胞凋亡,抑制破骨细胞形成。目的:观察不同浓度姜黄素对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响。方法:采用贴壁法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,传至第3代后采用成骨培养基进行成骨诱导,在诱导前3d于诱导培养基中分别加入0(对照),10,15μmol/L姜黄素。结果与结论:接种培养7d,倒置显微镜下可见分散的骨髓间充质干细胞小集落,集落细胞呈放射状生长。随培养时间延长,细胞集落增大,细胞形态为长梭形。加入成骨培养基7d后细胞形态逐渐由长梭形变为多角形,随成骨诱导时间延长形态变化更加明显。加入不同浓度姜黄素后骨髓间充质干细胞增殖无变化。姜黄素呈剂量依赖性促进骨髓间充质干细胞碱性磷酸酶活性及Runx-2、血红素单加氧酶1的表达。提示姜黄素能有效促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞早期成骨分化,其机制可能与提高干细胞血红素单加氧酶1的表达有关。     

大鼠附睾脂肪垫脂肪源性干细胞的分离培养及分化潜能

背景:相对于骨髓基质干细胞,脂肪源性下细胞来源丰富,取材方便,干细胞丰度高,极易培养,具有多向分化潜能,有望成为组织工程、细胞治疗以及基因转染良好的源细胞,但目前对脂肪源性干细胞的研究尚处于初级阶段.目的:拟在体外分离培养大鼠脂肪源性干细胞,并探讨其分化潜能.设计、时间及地点:细胞学体外观察,于2008-06/2009-01在南方医科大学组胚教研室和南方医院临床医学实验中心完成.材料:SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠1只,由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供.方法:无菌条件下切取大鼠双侧附睾尾脂肪垫,胶原酶消化法分离培养脂肪源性干细胞,胰蛋白酶消化法传代扩增.取第4代脂肪源性干细胞接种到96孔板,5×104个细胞/皿,待细胞贴壁后分成3组:成骨诱导组加入成骨培养基,成脂诱导组加入成脂培养基,对照组仍用基础培养基,培养14 d.主要观察指标:脂肪源性干细胞的形态变化、体外增殖能力、细胞免疫化学鉴定结果.脂肪源性干细胞成骨和成脂分化能力.结果:体外培养的脂肪源性干细胞易扩增,传代后以长梭形细胞为主,呈旋涡状排列,克隆样生长;经多次传代仍能保持较强的增殖能力,细胞生长曲线争"S"形;细胞表面标志CD44和CD49d呈阳性表达,CDl06呈阴性表达.脂肪源性干细胞经成骨诱导7 d后,碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性;成脂诱导3 d后,油红O染色示胞浆内有脂滴出现;对照组细胞碱性磷酸酶染色呈阴性,无脂滴存在.结论:从大鼠附睾脂肪垫内分离的脂肪源性干细胞易于培养和传代扩增,在特殊条件下可分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞.     

人脐血中分离骨髓间充质干细胞成骨诱导前后的生物学特性

目的观察诱导因素对骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨方向分化的影响,探索骨组织工程的种子细胞来源。方法使用密度梯度离心法分离来源于人脐血的骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养,保留已贴壁细胞传代,观察在加有地塞米松、维生素C、β-甘油磷酸钠的培养液中骨髓间充质干细胞的生长及分化情况。结果分离得到的骨髓间充质干细胞呈成纤维样表现,诱导条件下第2代细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增高,12d达到最高,为(33.10±0.54)U/ml,P<0.001,t=-48.32,且出现矿化结节。结论人脐血来源的骨髓间充质干细胞在诱导培养液作用下具有一定的成骨能力,可作为骨组织工程种子细胞。     

抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠和地塞米松联合诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞的分化

背景:成骨细胞来源于骨髓中的间质干细胞,但骨髓间充质干细胞经过高度扩增后,细胞群会出现生长速率减慢等变化,并出现没有分裂倾向的扁平状细胞.目的:进一步验证在一定诱导条件下,体外分离培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞的定向分化情况.设计、时间及地点:细胞学体外对照观察,于2007-03/10在南方医科大学解剖实验室完成.材料:4周龄SD大鼠3只.由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供.成骨诱导过程所使用的抗坏血酸、地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠为美国Sigma公司产品.方法:采用密度梯度离心+贴壁筛选法体外分离纯化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,融合后用EDTA及胰蛋白酶消化,按1:3传代培养.取生长良好的第2代骨髓间充质干细胞,调整细胞数量为1×107L-1,分为2组:对照组加入含体积分数为0.1胎牛血清的DMEM-LG培养基,诱导组加入成骨诱导液进行培养,成骨诱导液为含50 mg/L抗坏血酸、0.1 μmmol/L地塞米松、0.5 mmol/L β-甘油磷酸钠、体积分数为0.1胎牛血清的DMEM-LG培养基.主要观察指标:骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特性,成骨诱导前后细胞碱性磷酸酶活性,诱导后矿化结节的形成.结果:刚接种的骨髓间充质干细胞呈圆形;原代培养24 h后大部分细胞贴壁生长,呈短梭形、三角形、多边形;72 h时贴壁细胞分裂增殖,逐渐呈长梭形;至第5天可见明显细胞集落形成:第9～10天细胞达80%以上融合;传代后细胞贴壁和增殖速度加快.呈有规则的方向性排列.与诱导前比较,骨髓间充质干细胞成骨诱导7d后碱性磷酸酶活性明显提高(P<0.05).连续成骨诱导20 d后.诱导组可见多个散在分布的圆形不透明钙化结节,对照组未见矿化结节沉积.结论:在抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠和地塞米松联合诱导下,大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可定向分化为成骨细胞.     

骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化过程中Wnt、骨形态发生蛋白2信号通路相关因子与辛伐他汀的作用

背景:辛伐他汀可促进体外培养的人或鼠骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,但作用机制尚不清楚。目的:观察辛伐他汀对大鼠骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化过程中Wnt与骨形态发生蛋白2信号途径中相关因子表达的影响。方法:取6周龄雌性SD大鼠双侧股骨、胫骨全骨髓进行体外成骨细胞诱导培养。实验分为对照组及SIM组。SIM组加入浓度为10-7mol/L辛伐他汀,对照组加入等量无水乙醇和PBS。培养14d,行碱性磷酸酶染色,28d时,行vonKossa染色观察细胞外基质矿化情况;培养14,21d,免疫荧光细胞化学染色观察成骨细胞中β-catenin,Smad1/5,Cbfa1的表达及分布。结果与结论:大鼠骨髓基质干细胞经体外诱导后可分化为具有碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化细胞外基质能力的成熟成骨细胞。辛伐他汀可显著上调骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化过程中碱性磷酸酶的表达。同时,与对照组比较,SIM组β-catenin,Smad1/5,Cbfa1表达明显增多(P<0.05),且呈现明显的核内聚集趋势。说明辛伐他汀促进骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的作用可能与调控Wnt与骨形态发生蛋白2信号通路中相关因子的表达及细胞内分布有关。     

Osteogenic potential of rat stromal cells derived from periodontal ligament

Various mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been applied to regenerative medicine. MSCs derived from periodontal tissue could also be a useful cell source for alveolar bone regeneration. However, only a few attempts of direct comparisons have been made between MSCs from periodontal tissues and those from other somatic tissues. The purpose of this study was to clarify the osteogenic characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow (BMSCs), adipose tissue (ASCs) and periodontal ligament (PDLSCs). BMSCs, ASCs and PDLSCs were isolated from Fisher 344 rats. After 1 week of primary culture, stromal cells were subjected to cell surface analysis and osteogenic differentiation. The cells were subcultured for 2 weeks with and without osteogenic supplements (OS), followed by biochemical and histological analyses. With regard to cell surface antigens, all MSCs were positive for CD29 and CD90 and negative for CD45. With regard to osteogenic differentiation, BMSCs with OS had the highest ALP activity, calcium uptake and osteocalcin content. Without OS, PDLSCs had the highest levels of these bone differentiation markers. RT-PCR analysis and histological analysis showed similar trends. These results indicate that PDLSCs are an ideal candidate for alveolar bone regeneration.     

大鼠骨髓基质干细胞的成骨诱导及鉴定

目的：研究大鼠骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）在体外培养、诱导后的形态学改变及生物活性．探讨BMSCs作为骨组织工程种子细胞的可能性和可行性。方法：通过改良的骨髓培养法分离成年大鼠BMSCs，经条件培养液诱导培养后，进行形态学观察和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨钙素（OCN）的测定。结果：经过体外成骨诱导的BMSCs表现出增殖、聚集、结节和矿化期的阶段性形态特征，同时在诱导2周后表达ALP活性，在结节期和矿化期OCN表达呈阳性。结论：体外成骨定向诱导的BMSCs具有典型的成骨细胞的形态和功能性特征，可以作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

骨组织工程技术进行犬上颌窦提升的实验研究

目的：观察猪脱钙冻干骨支架和骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）复合后在犬上颌窦底的成骨情况。方法：将实验犬BMSCs诱导为成骨细胞后与冻干脱钙骨支架相复合，用于实验犬自体上颌窦提升，通过实验组与正常骨组织、阳性对照组和空白对照组之间大体标本、X线影像学观察、组织切片HE染色和免疫组化染色的比较，考察其成骨情况。结果：实验侧上颌窦外形饱满．与周围正常骨组织无明显区别，X线可见骨小梁致密整齐，组织切片HE染色和免疫组化分析均显示实验组成骨与阳性对照组无明显区别。结论：应用冻干脱钙骨支架与BMSCs复合的组织工程复合物在上颌窦提升术时，具有良好的成骨能力，可以形成正常的骨组织。     

Molecular‐ and microarray‐based analysis of diversity among resting and osteogenically induced porcine mesenchymal stromal cells of several tissue origin

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role in modern therapeutic approaches in bone‐healing disorders. Although bone marrow‐derived MSCs are most frequently used, the knowledge that many other adult tissues represent promising sources for potent MSCs has gained acceptance. In the present study, the osteogenic differentiation potential of porcine skin fibroblasts (FBs), as well as bone marrow‐ (BMSCs), adipose tissue‐ (ASCs) and dental pulp‐derived stromal cells (DSCs) were evaluated. However, additional application of BMP‐2 significantly elevated the delayed osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASC and FB cultures, and in DSC cultures the supplementation of platelet‐rich plasma increased osteogenic differentiation potential to a comparable level of the good differentiable BMSCs. Furthermore, microarray gene expression performed in an exemplary manner for ASCs and BMSCs revealed that ASCs and BMSCs use different gene expression patterns for osteogenic differentiation under standard media conditions, as diverse MSCs are imprinted dependent from their tissue niche. However, after increasing the differentiation potential of ASCs to a comparable level as shown in BMSCs, a small subset of identical key molecules was used to differentiate in the osteogenic lineage. Until now, the importance of identified genes seems to be underestimated for osteogenic differentiation. Apparently, the regulation of transmembrane protein 229A, interleukin‐33 and the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2 in the early phase of osteogenic differentiation is needed for optimum results. Based on these results, bone regeneration strategies of MSCs have to be adjusted, and in vivo studies on the osteogenic capacities of the different types of MCSs are warranted. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Immunoregulatory role of exosomes derived from differentiating mesenchymal stromal cells on inflammation and osteogenesis

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into bone‐forming osteoblasts, playing a crucial role in bone regeneration. Exosomes are naturally cell‐secreted nanovesicles and are lately regraded as an emerging mediator of cellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions. The present study aimed at investigating the complex cellular communications, especially those among the differentiating BMSCs, immune cells (e.g., macrophages), and newly recruited BMSCs via exosome‐mediated pathways. Exosomes were first isolated from osteogenically differentiating BMSCs at various stages (Day 0, Day 3, Day 7, and Day 14, respectively). The cellular uptake of isolated exosomes was examined in macrophages and human BMSCs (hBMSCs). The exosomes collected at various osteogenic differentiation stages (0d‐exo, 3d‐exo, 7d‐exo, and 14d‐exo) had no effect on the viability of hBMSCs. The uptake of exosomes (0d‐exo, 3d‐exo, and 7d‐exo) significantly decreased proinflammatory‐gene expression and the level of an M1 phenotypic marker. Our results then revealed that 3d‐exo, 7d‐exo, and 14d‐exo led to a remarkable increase in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell migration. In addition, 0d‐exo significantly promoted the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein 2, indicating a pro‐osteogenic role of hBMSC‐derived exosomes. Collectively, these results suggest that exosomes derived from differentiating mesenchymal stem/stromal cells play a unique osteoimmunomodulatory role in the regulation of bone dynamics.     

辛伐他汀对幼鼠骨发育及骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化的影响

背景:辛伐他汀作为常用降脂类药物,表现出一定的促成骨分化和骨形成作用,但目前的研究结果尚有争论,尤其对幼鼠骨发育的影响并无报道.目的:课题创新性设计观察辛伐他汀对幼鼠骨小梁骨形成相关因子表达以及骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化的影响.方法:1周龄雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只.实验组皮下注射辛伐他汀[5 mg/(kg·d)]2周,对照组给与安慰剂2周.采用免疫组织化学方法检测胫骨上端骨小梁成骨相关因子骨形态发生蛋白2、基质金属蛋白酶13、血管内皮生长因子等因子的表达情况;取双侧股骨骨髓基质干细胞向成骨方向诱导培养.培养14 d分别进行碱性磷酸酶染色,21 d采用Real-time PCR法检测骨形态发生蛋白2、RUNX2、Osterix、MSX2、DLX3、DLX5等成骨过程中相关因子mRNA的表达,28 d进行von Kossa染色.结果与结论:①实验组和对照组胫骨上端骨小梁骨形态发生蛋白2、基质金属蛋白酶13、血管内皮生长因子等因子的表达差异无显著性意义.②两组碱性磷酸酶染色阳性细胞(胞浆蓝黑色)比例均在30％左右,差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05).③骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化过程中相关因子骨形态发生蛋白2、RUNX2、Osterix、DLX3、DLX5、MSX2 mRNA表达水平差异无显著性意义.④von Kossa染色可见大小不等染为棕黑色的钙化点,其大小和密度两组比较差异无显著性意义.结果表明,皮下注射辛伐他汀[5 mg/(kg·d)]2周不能显著影响幼鼠骨小梁骨形成相关因子表达以及骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化.     

兔骨髓基质细胞的体外分离培养及诱导成骨的实验研究

目的 探讨兔骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）的体外分离培养及定向诱导成骨的方法。方法 选择10周龄新西兰兔，抽取其股骨大转子部骨髓，体外分离纯化得到BMSCs，再利用条件培养液将其向成骨方向定向诱导培养。采用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和冯库萨（Von Kossa）染色方法，鉴定其成骨性能。结果 BMSCs在培养皿中贴壁生长、增殖，经ALP和Yon Kossa染色证实其有成骨潜能。结论 兔BMSCs的体外培养增殖能力强，能诱导分化为成骨细胞，可以作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

A novel oxysterol promotes bone regeneration in rabbit cranial bone defects

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have played a central role in the development of regenerative therapies for bone reconstruction. However, the high cost and side‐effect profile of BMPs limits their broad application. Oxysterols, naturally occurring products of cholesterol oxidation, are promising osteogenic agents alternative to BMPs. The osteogenic capacity of these non‐toxic and relatively inexpensive molecules has been documented in rodent models. We studied the impact of Oxy49, a novel oxysterol analogue, on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Moreover, we evaluated the capacity for in vivo bone regeneration with Oxy49 in rabbit cranial bone defects. We found that rabbit BMSCs treated with Oxy49 demonstrated differentiation along osteogenic pathways, and that complete bone regeneration occurred when cranial defects were treated with Oxy49. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Oxy49 has the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation in rabbit BMSCs with an efficacy comparable to that of BMP‐2 and to promote significant bone regeneration in cranial defects. Oxysterols may be a viable novel agent in bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同浓度淫羊藿含药血清干预骨髓基质干细胞的成脂分化

背景:如何抑制骨髓基质干细胞成脂分化,促进其成骨分化将是防治骨质疏松的新途径之一。目的:观察不同浓度淫羊藿含药血清对骨质疏松大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成脂分化的干预作用。方法:全骨髓培养法培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,12只SPF级SD雌性大鼠按体表面积的方法给予淫羊藿水提液,药物以蒸馏水定容至所需浓度,相当于临床剂量的20倍、10倍、5倍灌胃,连续灌胃7d后眼眶取血,观察各组干预后7d成脂分化情况。结果与结论:中药低、中剂量含药血清组的成脂率低于空白组(P<0.01、0.05),说明中药淫羊藿含药血清发挥了抑制骨质疏松骨髓基质干细胞向脂肪细胞分化的作用。中药各剂量组的组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但3组成脂率数值方面以中剂量组最佳。     

Cells responding to surface structure of calcium phosphate ceramics for bone regeneration

Surface structure largely affects the inductive bone‐forming potential of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics in ectopic sites and bone regeneration in critical‐sized bone defects. Surface‐dependent osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) partially explained the improved bone‐forming ability of submicron surface structured CaP ceramics. In this study, we investigated the possible influence of surface structure on different bone‐related cells, which may potentially participate in the process of improved bone formation in CaP ceramics. Besides BMSCs, the response of human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP), C2C12 (osteogenic inducible cells), MC3T3‐E1 (osteogenic precursors), SV‐HFO (pre‐osteoblasts), MG63 (osteoblasts) and SAOS‐2 (mature osteoblasts) to the surface structure was evaluated in terms of cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and gene expression. The cells were cultured on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics with either micron‐scaled surface structure (TCP‐B) or submicron‐scaled surface structure (TCP‐S) for up to 14 days, followed by DNA, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction gene assays. HBVP were not sensitive to surface structure with respect to cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, but had downregulated angiogenesis‐related gene expression (i.e. vascular endothelial growth factor) on TCP‐S. Without additional osteogenic inducing factors, submicron‐scaled surface structure enhanced ALP activity and osteocalcin gene expression of human (h)BMSCs and C2C12 cells, favoured the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1, MG63 and SAOS‐2, and increased ALP activity of MC3T3‐E1 and SV‐HFO. The results herein indicate that cells with osteogenic potency (either osteogenic inducible cells or osteogenic cells) could be sensitive to surface structure and responded to osteoinductive submicron‐structured CaP ceramics in cell proliferation, ALP production or osteogenic gene expression, which favour bone regeneration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.