单宁酸—氯化铁法媒染肾上腺血管的观察

用２％多聚甲醛、２％戊二醛、２％单宁酸配制的媒染固定液灌流大鼠，取肾上腺做冰冻切片放入２—３％氯化铁溶液中呈色，成功地显示了肾上腺皮质、髓质血窦的形貌。高倍镜下可见血窦呈空心管道状，其管壁为细纤维丝状结构编织而成，具有较强立体感。     

Lectin标记人胎视网膜血管的形态学观察

采用生物凝集素荆豆I（ectin）组化法标记人胎视网膜血管内皮细胞，以显示视网膜各级血管。观察到机网膜大血管自视神经盘处穿出向周边视网膜呈放射状分布。在视神经盘附近，大血管之间无例支交通，但它们之间存在着毛细血管网。自视网膜中部（赤道附近）地区开始，可见较小血管呈逐级典型的观分叉状分支向着周边视网膜分布。动脉血管与静脉血管在胎6月龄后的样本中已能清楚地区分；前者较后者稍细而着色稍深，两者互不伴行。微动脉与微静脉间形成的毛细血管网显示清晰。毛细血管网网眼大小不等，呈不规则的多边形。此外，还在一例样本中见到相邻两支较大血管间的样状吻合。胎6月龄以前，视网膜血管尚未分布到锯齿缘。     

斜方肌下部岛状肌皮瓣的应用解剖

对５７具（１１４侧）成人标本斜方肌下部岛状肌皮瓣血液供应进行研究。５７具中肩胛背与颈横动脉共占６８．４％，肩胛背单独起于锁骨下动脉占３１．６％；颈横动脉起点管径为２．０±０．２ｍｍ，肩胛背动脉起点管径为１．９±０．４ｍｍ，建议取用斜方肌下部岛状肌皮瓣时，应以肩胛背动脉为血管蒂，该蒂长，旋转弧度大，用于修复颅颌颈软组织缺损，能获得较满意的效果。     

帆状胎盘前置血管破裂:可避免的围产儿死亡

目的 探讨帆状胎盘的临床特点，对围产儿的影响，以及早期诊断、正确处理的方法，以降低围产儿死亡率。方法 回顾性分析1999年1月-2006年6月102例帆状胎盘及帆状胎盘前置血管破裂的病例，将其与同期37474例非帆状胎盘病例进行比较。结果 帆状胎盘发生率为0.27％。帆状胎盘前置血管破裂发生率为0．016％。帆状胎盘组中多胎（13．7％）、前置胎盘（9、8％）、胎盘早剥（3．9％）、早产（26．5％）、单脐动脉（2．56％）、低出生体重儿（29．05％）、新生儿窒息（14．52％）、新生儿死亡（11.1％）、死胎（2．56％）的发生率与对照组比较有极显著性差异。帆状胎盘前置血管破裂围产儿死亡率高达100％。结论 帆状胎盘前置血管是严重威胁围产儿安全的疾病，利用现代超声技术在产前作出正确诊断是降低围产儿死亡率的关键。     

大鼠脑内血管的胆硷能神经纤维的分布

本文应用ＡＢＣ免疫过氧化物酶法，以胆硷乙酰转移酶（ＣｈＡＴ）作为标记物，对１２只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠脑实质内血管的免疫阳性神经纤维的分布类型，纤维密度进行了观察。结果是：端脑皮质区（第Ⅰ感觉运动皮质，第Ⅱ感觉运动皮质，中央前区，纹状皮质）的血管；海马（ＣＡ１区，ＣＡ２区）血管；下丘脑（前区、外侧区）血管；脑桥（被盖部）及延髓实质内血管均可见明显免疫反应阳性胆硷能神经纤维分布。纤维呈棕褐色，多数为单一细线状结构。纤维走行不一，有的与血管长轴垂直走行或斜行，有的与血管长轴平行。可见类似膨体样结构。各部脑实质内血管阳性纤维分布均较稀疏。     

内皮细胞免疫功能研究进展

内皮细胞是衬贴地心，血管与淋巴管表面的扁平上皮。受外界刺激活化时，形态呈高立方状，合成表达ＭＨＣＩ类，ＭＨＣⅡ类分子，并以ＭＨＣ限制性方式对Ｔ细胞提呈抗原。表面表达多种粘附分子促进Ｔ细胞定向再循环，并能合成分泌多种细胞因子，调节Ｔ细胞ＩＬ－２的产生，对Ｔ细胞活化提供共刺激信号，具有重要的免疫调节功能。     

第2指蹼动脉吻合类型及其在手背逆行岛状皮瓣中的意义

目的：研究第２指蹼动脉的吻合类型,为临床以第１指掌侧血管为蒂的手背逆行岛状皮瓣转位提供解剖学基础。方法：使用２２只经血管灌注乳胶的手标本和３４只手动脉铸型标本,对第２指蹼动脉分支分布及与手掌侧和背侧动脉的连接形式等进行解剖观测。结果：第２指蹼动脉恒定存在,外径０．８±０．２ｍｍ,有１～２条伴行静脉。依其与指掌侧总动脉和掌背动脉的连接部位可分为：Ⅰ．中央型（６６．１％）;Ⅱ．掌侧偏型（２５％）;Ⅲ．背侧偏型（７．１％）;Ⅳ．双侧偏型（１．８％）。结论：①第２指蹼动脉吻合恒定存在,这是形成以手掌侧血管为蒂的手背逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖基础;②Ⅰ、Ⅱ型指蹼动脉可为皮瓣提供良好的血供,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型则欠佳     

应用单宁酸-金属盐法媒染脾血管的实验研究

用媒染固定液（２％戊二醛、２％多聚甲醛、２％单宁酸混合液配制）灌流大鼠,取脾做２０－４０μｍ的冰冻切片,蒸馏水复温清洗后入２－３％氯化铁溶液内呈色,１％明胶封片,光镜观察结果：低倍镜示染小动、静脉各级分支以及毛细血管管壁均被染成蓝黑色,脾小结处毛细血...     

26例脉络膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理观察

目的：观察脉络膜黑色素瘤的临床病理特点及其与预后的关系。方法：对２６例脉络膜黑色素瘤进行多种影像检查和病理学检查。结果 ：２０例Ｂ超示眼球内实质性不均质占位；１６例眼底荧光血管造影（ＦＦＡ）示肿瘤内斑驳状荧光、肿瘤自身血管和视网膜毛细血管扩张等特征性改变；１２例ＣＴ扫描示眼球内高密度块状影像；１例ＭＲ中权呈高信号，Ｔ２加权呈低信号；２６例均为病理学检查证实。随访５例，２例死于肝转移，３例存活。结论     

恶性蝾螈瘤

１　临床资料患者男，５１岁。发现腹部包块２月余，近１月渐增大。体检：左下腹可触及１１ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ大小的包块，质硬，稍有活动，边缘清楚，无压迫症状。术中见肿瘤位于回盲部后腹膜内，质硬，与下腔静脉粘连。临床诊断：后腹膜恶性肿瘤。２　病理检查２－１　肉眼观察　灰红色结节状肿块，１４ｃｍ×１２ｃｍ×８ｃｍ大小，部分区域有包膜，切面灰白，均质。２－２　镜下观察　肿瘤主要由致密的梭形细胞组成，细胞核呈杆状或逗点状，染色质疏松，可见明显的核分裂象。瘤细胞呈编织状或漩涡状排列，并可见含较多粘液的疏松区域。在梭…     

TA-Fe法媒染骨骼肌微血管及肌纤维的光镜研究

目的　光镜下观察骨骼肌微血管构筑及其与肌纤维的关系。方法　应用单宁酸媒染固定液灌流大鼠 ,取髂腰肌 ,冰冻切片 ,氯化铁显色 ,光镜下观察。结果　髂腰肌内微动脉以一定角度进入肌束内 ,形成毛细血管前微动脉或毛细血管营养纤维 ,毛细血管可同向走行 ,亦可呈反向或爪形分支 ,常见两条或者几条毛细血管互相吻合成网 ,多数毛细血管长距离直行于肌纤维之间 ,偶见波浪状走行者 ,毛细血管呈双线条状 ,可见细胞核 ,肌纤维保存完好 ,横纹清晰。结论　TA Fe法可清晰的显示髂腰肌微血管和肌纤维 ,血管内皮细胞和肌细胞的核明显     

Tannic acid resistance in ruminal streptococcal isolates

Tannin degrading isolates of Streptococcus spp. from rumen of non-adaptive cattle, when grown in BHI broth, were able to tolerate tannic acid upto a level of 50 g/l. An increase in lag period from 1.5 to 6 h was observed for the isolates in presence of increased concentration of tannic acid. In addition, the morphology of gram positive diplococci converted to an elongated chain of 40-50 cells with increasing tannic acid from 1 to 4%. Qualitatively, the tannase activity was found to be present in the isolates tested, indicating their potential of being a tannin degrader.     

应用单宁酸增加致密核心小泡电子密度的研究

对如何应用单宁酸提高密核心小泡电子密度进行了研究，结果发现实验组动物应用单宁酸后，其延髓背角胶状质的超微结构出现了如下特征性变化；（１）膜结构清晰度增加，反差鲜明；（２）大、小致密核心小泡均被媒染，其电子密度显著提高、大致密核心小泡于突触部位胞吐入细胞间隙内的介质，被即时媒染、固定。     

Studies on the extracellular tannase from newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis KBR 6

A tannase producing bacterial strain KBR 6 has been isolated from lateritic soil and identified as Bacillus licheniformis. It is capable of producing tannase in the medium containing only tannic acid. The rapid degradation of tannic acid and production of extracellular tannase was observed in three different media containing tannic acid (M1), tannic acid + basal salt (M2) and tannic acid + basal salt + glucose (M3). Maximum enzyme production and growth of the organism was obtained at 18-21 h and 30-36 h, respectively. The increased order of enzyme production in relation to different media is as per the following sequence, M3 > M2 > M1. The maximum growth and enzyme production was observed at pH 5.0. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme activity were found to be at 5.75 and 60 degrees C respectively. Paper chromatographic analysis indicates that gallic acid is the enzymatic degradative product of tannic acid.     

Biodegradation of tannic acid by Citrobacter freundii isolated from a tannery effluent.

A bacterial strain capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon source was isolated from the effluent of a tannery and was identified as Citrobacter freundii. This organism could grow at concentrations as high as 5% (w/v) of tannic acid and produced extracellular tannase to hydrolyze the same. When grown in minimal medium containing 1% tannic acid (w/v) at 30 degrees C, this strain produced 1.87 U/ml of tannase at 6 h. At that time, tannic acid degradation products, namely glucose and gallic acid, were detectable in the culture filtrate; the other intermediate metabolites formed were pyrogallol (extracellular) and pyruvate (intracellular). 2-hydroxymuconic acid is presumed to form as a result of ortho-cleavage of pyrogallol. The proposed biochemical pathway for the degradation of tannic acid by Citrobacter freundii is: Tannic acid-->[Glucose + Gallic acid]-->Pyrogallol -->2-hydroxymuconic acid -->[?]-->Pyruvate.     

内皮素对失血性休克鼠脑微循环的影响及尼莫地平、川芎嗪的治疗作用

利用大鼠颅骨开窗观察脑软膜微循环的方法研究了内皮素（ＥＴ－１）从１０－７～１０－１０Ｍ对脑软膜微循环的影响以及失血性休克时脑软膜对ＥＴ－１的反应性。并用１０－７Ｍ造成失血性休克后脑血管痉挛的模型，观察尼莫地平、川芎嗪、６５４－２内对皮素引起血管痉挛的治疗作用。结果显示：１０－９、１０－８、１０－７Ｍ三种浓度ＥＴ－１可使脑软膜小动脉、细动脉强烈收缩，收缩率分别为２７．７％、１６．８％、７８．５％，其收缩强度与ＥＴ－１的浓度有关。对静脉的作用不明显。１０－１０ＭＥＴ－１可使细动脉轻度扩张。出血性休克时，脑软膜血流明显减慢，小动脉、细动脉管径对ＥＴ－１的收缩作用更敏感，脑组织血流明显减少。尼莫地平具有较好的拮抗ＥＬ－１引起脑软膜动脉的收缩和改善局部微循环的作用。川芎嗪也能拮抗ＥＴ－１引起脑软膜动脉的收缩，但作用较尼莫地平弱。６５４－２不能缓解ＥＴ－１对脑软膜动脉的收缩作用。     

Two techniques for electron opaque staining of elastic fibres using tannic acid in fresh and formalin fixed tissue.

Two electron microscopic staining techniques, one using tannic acid-glutaraldehyde as a fixative, and the other using tannic acid-uranyl acetate solution as a stain on ultra-thin sections of glutaraldehyde fixed material, were directly compared for elastic fibre staining on several human and animal tissues. Various concentrations of tannic acid were compared using both techniques. The two techniques were also compared on formalin fixed tissues. The use of tannic acid-uranyl acetate solution as a stain on processed tissue is by far the more consistent technique and achieves equally good results on glutaraldehyde or formalin fixed tissue. It is suggested that the use of the term tannic acid technique/method should be reserved for this particular method to achieve a meaningful interpretation of results in scientific papers.     

In vitro evaluation of acaricidal and fungicidal activity of the house dust mite acaricide, Allerbiocid

The acaricidal and fungicidal activities of a new acaricide Allerbiocid, formulated for the control of house dust mites, were investigated. The components of the Allerbiocid formula are: 3% benzyl benzoate (acaricidal and fungicidal), 1% tannic acid (protein denaturant) and 0.5% Tween (surface active agent) in 70% isopropyl alcohol (antiseptic). At application rates of both 150 and 250 ml/m2, the acaricidal activity appeared to work by both ingestion and contact and remained active upon contact with mites for up to 10 weeks. When Sabouraud agar was treated with Allerbiocid at a concentration of 5 ml/20 ml medium, the preparation was also found to have fungicidal and fungistatic activities on various species of fungi commonly found in house dust. Allerbiocid contains tannic acid which is a protein denaturant. Levels of Der p I in dust were found to be reduced by over 90% after treatment with Allerbiocid. The importance of denaturation of mite faecal allergens and allergens associated with dead fungal spores is discussed.     

Antagonism by (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-substance P of the cerebrovascular dilatation induced by substance P

The effects of (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-substance P, a structural analogue of substance P, were examined in two models on cerebrovascular responses to substance P(SP) in cats; in vitro using segments of the middle cerebral artery and in situ by microapplication of the peptides close to pial arterioles. (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-SP in concentrations up to 6.6 x 10(-6) M was without significant effect upon isolated middle cerebral arteries under normal conditions and in arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha. SP caused concentration-dependent relaxations of middle cerebral arteries contracted by prostaglandin F2 alpha (mean +/- SE; EC50: 2.0 +/- 1.6 x 10(-9) M). The presence of (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-SP shifted the concentration-response curve of SP towards higher concentrations without significantly effecting the maximum response of the arteries to SP. A relaxation by 24.2 +/- 4.0% (n = 6) was obtained in prostaglandin F2 alpha contracted arteries by increasing the potassium concentration with 2 mM in the buffer solution. This response to potassium was unaltered in the presence of 6.6 x 10(-6)M of (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-SP (25.0 +/- 7.1%, n = 5). Perivascular microapplication of SP around individual pial arterioles in situ effected dose-dependent increases in vascular calibre (mean response 14.5 +/- 2% with SP, 10(-7)M). The concomitant perivascular administration of (D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9)-SP (6.6 x 10(-6)M), which alone did not alter the arteriolar calibre, attenuated significantly the cerebrovascular response to SP (mean response 1.5 +/- 3.2%). On the basis of the agonist-antagonist relation found, these observations point to the possibility of a specific SP receptor site in cerebral arteries and arterioles.