尿毒症患者血液透析前后超声心动图及心功能指标变化分析

目的 探讨尿毒症患者在血液透析前后心脏功能指标的变化.方法 对50例尿毒症患者在血透前后用超声心动仪测定左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末内径(LVDs)、室间隙厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT),得出每搏量(SV)、输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、心率(HR)、舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度比(E/A)、E峰和A峰流速积分比值(EI/AI)等,取平均值进行对比分析.结果 透析前后LAD、LVDd、LVDs、CO、CI、SV间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),余检测指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).8例收缩功能减退者透析前后EF、CI、FS、SV间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).但E/A、EI/AI间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 血液透析可改变尿毒症患者的心脏结构和功能,尤其是心脏收缩功能减退者明显.     

老年尿毒症患者透析前后心脏超声图改变分析

目的:探讨并分析老年尿毒症患者透析前后心脏超声图的改变。方法:回顾性分析我院收治入院的老年尿毒症患者87例,分析患者透析前后心脏超声图的改变。结果:透析前左心室肥厚患者71例,占81.6%。透析前左心室收缩功能减退患者16例,占18.4%,透析前左心室舒张功能减退患者59例,占67.8%,左心室收缩功能减退患者均伴有明显的左心室舒张功能减退。透析前后LAD,LVDd,CO,CI,SV比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16例患者透析前存在心脏收缩功能减退,其中透析后EF,FS,CI,SV比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但E/A,EI/EA比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:尿毒症患者常伴有左室舒张功能障碍,透析无法改善左室舒张功能障碍情况,对于伴有心脏收缩功能减退患者来说,透析可能使心脏收缩功能明显减退。     

多普勒超声Tei指数评价尿毒症患者的左室功能

目的评价多普勒超声Tei指数估测尿毒症患者左室功能的价值。方法使用HP-5500型彩色超声诊断仪对30例尿毒症患者(尿毒症组)及35例正常人群(对照组)进行检测。检测指标包括左心腔室大小、左心室Tei指数、左室射血时间(ET)、左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、二尖瓣血流频谱E峰及A峰、E/A及左心室等容收缩时间(ICT)、左心室等容舒张时间(IRT)、主动脉射血时间(ET),并计算左心室Tei指数。结果尿毒症组左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩期内径(LVDs)、室间隔(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)均较正常对照组增大(P值均<0.01)。与对照组比较尿毒症组E峰明显增大(P<0.05),A峰明显增大(P<0.01),E/A无显著性差异(P>0.05);EF、FS无显著性差异(P>0.05);IRT延长(P<0.01),ET缩短(P<0.05),ICT无显著性差异(P>0.05)。经计算Tei指数明显延长(P<0.01)。结论Tei指数是评价尿毒症患者左心功能的简单、方便、有效的方法。     

强心力胶囊治疗充血性心力衰竭彩色多谱勒超声心动图检测指标分析

目的观察强心力胶囊对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心脏左心室功能的影响。方法运用彩色多谱勒超声心动图,测量慢性充血性心力衰竭患者左心室舒张末及收缩末内径(D s和Dd)、左心室每搏量(SV)、心输出量(CO)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)和射血分数(EF)等指标。结果强心力胶囊治疗后患者收缩末期内径(D s)、流量指标(SV和CO)和泵功能指标(EF和FS)均有明显改善,但治疗后收缩末期内径D(d)和E A/比值无明显变化。结论强心力胶囊具有治疗充血性心力衰竭的作用。     

32例尿毒症患者左心室收缩功能的临床分析

目的探讨尿毒症患者左心室收缩功能。方法采集尿毒症患者32例,另选20例正常人作为对照组,行超声心动图检查,常规测量指标：左室舒张末径及左室收缩末径,计算左室舒张末容积（EDV）、收缩末容积（ESV）、每搏量（SV）、左室射血分数（EF）及短轴缩短率（FS）。结果尿毒症组EDV、ESV、SV比对照组略高,FS、EF比对照组略低,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论尿毒症患者总的收缩功能并无明显减低。     

C反应蛋白水平与维持性血透患者左室结构与功能的关系

目的探讨维持性血液透析(血透)患者血C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与左室结构、功能的关系。方法对98例维持性血透患者测定其血清CRP水平,并用心脏彩色多普勒测定心脏左房内径(LAD)、左室内径(LVD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、主动脉根部内径(AOD)以及左心室收缩功能指标左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、心搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)和左心舒张功能指标舒张早期充盈峰速度(E峰)、舒张晚期充盈峰速度(A峰)、E/A比值、EF斜率。根据CRP水平将患者分为CRP升高组(CRP>8mg/L),CRP正常组(CRP<8mg/L),分别观察左室结构与功能的关系。结果CRP升高组患者的LAD、LVD、IVST、LVPWT、AOD较CRP正常组明显增大(P均<0.01)。CRP升高组患者的左心功能减退较CRP正常组明显(P<0.05或0.01)。结论CRP水平可用来评价维持性血透患者的左室结构与功能,预测血透患者心血管事件。     

高血压不同左室构型与心脏功能的关系

目的　比较高血压病人不同左室构型与心功能的关系。　方法　采用二维、M型和多普勒超声心动图方法测定 15 0例高血压患者 (正常左室构型、向心性肥厚及离心性肥厚患者各 5 0例 )的心脏收缩功能指数 FS及EF、舒张功能指数 E、A、DT、E/ A等。结果　正常左室构型组、向心性肥厚组及离心性肥厚组左室舒张功能均减退。向心性肥厚组左室收缩功能增强 ,而离心性肥厚组左室收缩功能明显下降。　结论　不同的左室构型的心功能变化不同     

超声评价二尖瓣替换术保留瓣下结构对左心功能的影响

目的　采用超声评价二尖瓣替换术保留瓣下结构对术后左心功能的维护。方法　将 96例患者分为两组 ,其中 5 6例保留瓣下结构为观察组 ,4 0例按传统方法手术为对照组。应用HP 10 0 0型多功能心脏超声诊断仪分别在术前和术后 3个月测定左室射血分数 (EF)、左室短轴缩短率 (FS)、每搏量 (SV)、左室舒张末容量 (LVEDV)、左室收缩末容量 (LVESV)、左室舒张末内径 (LVd)、左室收缩末内径 (LVs)、左房腔内径 (LAD)等心功能多项指标。结果　术前两组间的EF、FS、SV、LVEDV、LVESV、LVd、LVs、LAD均无显著性差异 (P>0 0 5 )。术后两组LAD和LVd均较术前明显缩小 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术后观察组EF、FS、SV等心功能多项指标明显优于对照组。结论　二尖瓣替换术保留瓣下结构有益于术后左心功能的维护。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者心脏多普勒超声指标的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者心脏多普勒超声指标的影响。方法选择90例慢性心力衰竭患者,分为观察组和对照组,观察组60例,对照组30例,所有患者均给予强心、利尿、扩血管等抗心力衰竭治疗,观察组患者又分为高剂量和低剂量阿托伐他汀组,每组30例,分别另外给予40、20mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗。3个月后比较患者治疗前后心脏多普勒超声指标:左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、每搏输出量(SV)、每分输出量(CO)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、心脏指数(CI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)及二尖瓣舒张早期与舒张晚期血流峰值速度比值(E/A)。结果治疗3个月后,观察组与对照组超声检查指标较治疗前均明显改善,观察组各指标改善程度较对照组更明显,其中40mg/d阿托伐他汀更能明显改善心脏的超声指标(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀可以改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心室重构,40mg/d剂量效果更佳。     

左室功能与临床常用指标的相关性

目的　探讨缺血性心脏病病人左心室功能与临床常用指标的相关性。方法　把近期入院治疗做过心超的 5 7例病人按不同心超表现形式分成五组 ,以间接胆红素 /直接胆红素 (IDB/DB)、血糖、血脂、血压及心超方面的左室舒张末期内径 (LVIDD)、左室收缩末期内径 (LVISD)、舒张早期与晚期充盈速度比值 (A/E)射血分数 (EF)为指标进行组间分析 ,同时分析A/E或EF与其他指标的相关性。结果　除LVIDD外上述绝大多数指标在心超上有节段性运动障碍与无节段性运动障碍病人之间有明显的统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;IDB/DB与EF呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )而与A/E呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;LVISD与A/E呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与EF呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;LVIDD与A/E及EF均无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　无论是有舒张功能障碍还是有收缩功能障碍 ,心超上有节段性运动异常表现时 ,临床上均应扩冠治疗 ;间接胆红素对心肌细胞具有保护作用或通过抗动脉粥样硬化作用保护心脏 ;左室收缩末期内径较左室舒张末期内径更好地反映左室收缩或舒张功能状态 ,更准确地代表左室前负荷     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.