Kisspeptin对多囊卵巢综合征来源颗粒细胞雌孕激素分泌调节的研究

目的:探讨PCOS患者卵泡微环境中kisspeptin、KISS-1 mRNA及KISS-1R mRNA表达水平的差异及kisspeptin对卵巢颗粒细胞雌激素和孕激素分泌功能的影响。方法:ELISA法检测17例PCOS患者及20例正常女性卵泡液中kisspeptin水平,RT-PCR检测颗粒细胞中KISS-1/KISS-1R mRNA表达。ELISA法检测kisspeptin处理后对颗粒细胞分泌雌激素和孕激素的影响。结果:PCOS患者取卵日卵泡液kisspeptin水平[(28405±2170.4)ng/ml]显著高于正常女性[(206729±2450.8)ng/ml],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCOS患者组颗粒细胞KISS-1 mRNA水平(7.32±1.68)高于对照组(2.25±0.36),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Kisspeptin处理黄素化的颗粒细胞后,颗粒细胞分泌雌激素和孕激素增加。结论:Kisspeptin可能参与了PCOS患者卵巢微环境病理改变过程。     

卵巢低反应患者抗苗勒管激素与干细胞生长因子表达及其相关性研究

目的:研究卵巢低反应患者抗苗勒管激素(AMH)和干细胞生长因子(SCF)的表达情况及二者的相关性。方法:选择年龄均小于35岁行体外受精-胚胎移植或卵细胞浆内单精子注射的卵巢低反应患者132例(卵巢低反应组)和正常对照组91例。采用ELISA检测两组患者血清和卵泡液中AMH蛋白和SCF蛋白的表达。分离并培养颗粒细胞,采用RT-PCR检测两组患者颗粒细胞中AMH mRNA和SCF mRNA表达相对灰度值,并对卵巢低反应患者颗粒细胞中两者表达进行相关性分析。结果:1与正常对照组比较,卵巢低反应组血清AMH蛋白表达(2.21±1.11 ng/ml vs 10.49±3.29 ng/ml)和卵泡液AMH蛋白表达(4.21±0.73 ng/ml vs 5.42±0.64 ng/ml)均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01;P0.05)。2卵巢低反应组颗粒细胞中AMH mRNA表达相对灰度值较正常对照组显著降低(4.10±0.80 vs 6.20±1.40,P0.01),而SCF mRNA表达相对灰度值较正常对照组明显增加(4.69±1.12 vs 3.10±1.40,P0.05)。3卵巢低反应组颗粒细胞中AMH mRNA和SCF mRNA的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.56,P0.05)。结论:AMH的表达水平与卵巢反应性有关,卵巢低反应患者颗粒细胞中AMH表达显著降低,并与SCF的表达负相关,二者可能存在调控关系。     

不同黄体生成素与卵泡刺激素比值的多囊卵巢综合征患者抗苗勒管激素分泌特点及卵泡发育障碍机制

目的 比较不同血清黄体生成素(LH)与卵泡刺激素(FSH)比值(LH/FSH)的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的抗苗勒管激素(AMH)分泌特点及卵泡发育障碍机制.方法 以LH/FSH为标准,将95例PCOS患者分为高比值组(49例,LH/FSH≥2),常比值组(46例,LH/FSH<2),以62例月经周期规则的输卵管性不孕患者为对照(对照组).3组患者均测定体质指数(BMI);采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清AMH水平;采用化学发光法测定血清生殖激素、空腹血糖、胰岛素及血脂水平;采用单因素方差分析法比较各组间生化代谢指标的差异;并运用简单相关分析法和多重线性回归法分析AMH水平与各生化代谢指标的关系.结果 (1)血清AMH水平:高比值组为(7.2±4.3)μg/L,常比值组为(5.2±3.8)μg/L,对照组为(3.7±2.2)μg/L,3组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).(2)血清AMH水平与生化代谢指标的相关性:高比值组患者血清AMH水平与雌二醇水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.318);常比值组患者血清AMH水平与BMI、空腹血糖、稳态模型胰岛索抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关关系(r=0.493、0.362、0.303).控制其他因素影响后,高比值组患者血清AMH水平与LH/FSH呈正相关关系(r=0.301),与雌二醇水平呈负相关关系(r=-0.429);常比值组患者血清AMH水平与BMI呈正相关关系(r=0.493).结论 高LH/FSH的PCOS患者卵泡发育障碍机制可能以下丘脑-垂体功能障碍为主,正常LH/FSH的PCOS患者则以代谢紊乱为主.     

不同卵巢储备患者促性腺激素受体表达及影响因素分析

目的探讨不同卵巢储备女性颗粒细胞促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)、促黄体生成素受体(LHR)mRNA相对表达水平与获卵情况的关系,以及与其他促排卵治疗过程中相关指标的影响。方法收集850例患者卵泡液及颗粒细胞。纳入患者分为卵巢功能正常组(n=419)、预期低反应组(n=255)、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)组(n=176)。采用反转录-实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法测定FSHR、LHR、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及AMHⅡ型受体(AMHRⅡ) mRNA的表达,分析以上指标在不同卵巢储备患者中表达差异及影响因素。结果 (1) 3组患者在年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、窦卵泡数(AFC)、基础激素水平、用药情况、FSHR mRNA及获卵数等方面差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2) PCOS组促排卵后卵巢高反应患者FSHR mRNA表达量低于正常反应患者(P0.05)。(3)对卵巢功能正常组患者FSHR mRNA主要与AMHmRNA(r=0.404,P0.001)、LHR mRNA(r=0.388,P0.001)呈正相关,预期低反应组患者FSHR mRNA主要与LHR(r=0.415,P0.001)呈正相关,PCOS患者FSHR mRNA主要与AMHRⅡmRNA(r=0.311,P0.001)呈正相关。结论不同卵巢储备患者促性腺激素(Gn)受体表达量存在差异,且Gn受体与AMHmRNA表达具有显著相关性,可能与卵巢储备异常发病机制相关,临床Gn用药可参考Gn受体表达情况进行选择。     

抗苗勒氏管激素在多囊卵巢综合征患者卵巢功能调节中的作用

抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)由卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,,在卵泡生长发育中发挥负性调节作用。AMH在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者中异常升高,可能参与介导了PCOS的发病机制。本文综述了AMH的生物学特征,PCOS患者的AMH分泌水平与AMH基因表达,以及AMH信号转导通路的调节。     

Apelin/APJ在PCOS模型大鼠卵巢中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Apelin/APJ在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)模型大鼠卵巢组织中的表达。方法:21日龄SD大鼠肌肉注射脱氢表雄酮(DHEA),建立PCOS大鼠模型(实验组,n=15),并以等量溶剂油代替DHEA为对照组(n=15),观察卵巢相对重量;HE染色观察卵巢改变;测定E2、T、P、FSH、LH水平;采用免疫组织化学法观察Apelin/APJ在PCOS卵巢中的分布与表达;荧光定量RT-PCR(quantitative RT-PCR)检测Apelin/APJ mRNA表达,Western-blotting检测Apelin/APJ蛋白表达。结果:apelin/APJ分别表达于大鼠卵泡膜细胞、颗粒细胞;实验组卵泡内膜、颗粒细胞中Apelin/APJ mRNA及蛋白表达均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:apelin/APJ的异常表达可能与PCOS复杂的发病有关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者颗粒细胞自噬的发生及影响因素

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者颗粒细胞自噬的发生及影响因素。方法取卵日收集行体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射(IVF/ICSI)的PCOS患者和非PCOS患者的卵泡液和颗粒细胞,检测患者卵泡液性激素以及颗粒细胞自噬相关基因的表达,进一步将患者的颗粒细胞自噬相关基因与卵泡液性激素和临床结局等指标进行相关性分析。结果 PCOS患者颗粒细胞自噬相关基因BECN1(2.13±0.94)和ATG7(1.38±0.45)mRNA水平显著高于非PCOS组患者颗粒细胞(1.46±0.52,P=0.002;1.16±0.29,P=0.026)mRNA水平;PCOS患者卵泡液黄体生成素(LH)[(5.32±4.14)IU/L]、雌二醇(E2)[(990.36±390.53)mg/L]和睾酮(T)[(53.18±28.36)nmol/L]水平显著高于非PCOS组患者卵泡液[(2.38±1.34)IU/L,P=0.001;(715.61±325.18)mg/L,P=0.007;(24.44±15.12)nmol/L,P=0.000],PCOS患者卵泡液P4[(12.81±6.78)mg/L]水平显著低于非PCOS组患者[(17.77±9.60)mg/L,P=0.036]。相关性分析显示,颗粒细胞中BECN1 mRNA水平与血清基础T水平(r=0.490,P=0.000)、卵泡液T水平(r=0.329,P=0.031)、血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)(r=0.337,P=0.018)均呈显著正相关。结论 PCOS患者颗粒细胞自噬可能存在异常激活,可能为PCOS发生的重要机制。     

Expression of CHOP/GADD153 in Luteinizing Granulosa Cells of Ovary with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

目的:探讨内质网应激相关因子CHOP/GADD153在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞上的表达.方法:收集因PCOS不孕、行IVF-ET取卵时的黄体颗粒细胞(PCOS组,n=45)及因男方因素不孕、行IVF/ICSI-ET取卵时的黄体颗粒细胞(对照组,n=45),应用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞CHOP/GADD 153的表达.结果:PCOS组CHOP/GADD153mRNA水平(0.45±0.20)及蛋白水平(0.62±0.26)均较对照组(分别为0.40±0.18、0.56±0.17)有增高趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:内质网应激标志蛋白CHOP/GADD 153在PCOS患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞上的表达无明显改变,推测PCOS患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞内质网应激尚处于保护性阶段.     

胚胎干细胞因子Nanog、Oct4、Sox2与多囊卵巢综合征的相关性

目的探讨颗粒细胞中胚胎干细胞因子Nanog、Oct4、Sox2与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发生的关系。方法选择接受体外受精/卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植术(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗的PCOS患者40例,同期输卵管因素或男方因素不孕患者40例作为对照组。利用Real time-PCR技术检测颗粒细胞中Nanog、Oct4、Sox2以及抗苗勒管激素(AMH)mRNA的表达水平,并用Western blotting分析蛋白表达水平与PCOS发生的关系。结果 PCOS组体质量指数(BMI)[(26.44±3.46)kg/m~2]、黄体生成素(LH)[(7.56±0.98)IU/L]、LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)(1.06±0.15)及获卵数(28.7±3.9)较对照组[(22.43±3.17)kg/m~2、(4.26±0.34)IU/L、0.57±0.04、15.1±2.0]有显著升高(P均0.05)。Real time-PCR结果显示,PCOS组胚胎干细胞因子Nanog(0.60±0.09)和Oct4(0.85±0.14)mRNA表达水平显著低于对照组(1.65±0.17,1.59±0.17)(P0.05),AMH转录水平(1.28±0.11)显著高于对照组(0.89±0.07)(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,Nanog是PCOS发生的危险因素(OR=26.577,P=0.002),且Nanog与BMI、获卵数及AMH呈显著负相关(r1=-0.415,P=0.023;r2=-0.415,P=0.022;r3=-0.373,P=0.043),与Oct4呈显著正相关(r=0.684,P0.01)。Western blotting结果显示,与对照组比较,PCOS组Nanog蛋白表达降低,AMH蛋白表达水平增高。结论 PCOS卵巢颗粒细胞中胚胎干细胞因子Nanog以及AMH的异常表达可能参与了PCOS的发生并影响卵母细胞的发育与成熟,为PCOS的临床治疗提供理论依据。     

抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)卵泡发育异常的关系

抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)主要抑制始基卵泡进入生长阶段,在小窦卵泡中表达最高。多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)主要表现为卵巢持续性无排卵。PCOS患者过高的LH和LH/FSH比值、胰岛素水平促进了雄激素的分泌,高雄激素进一步影响GC产生AMH,导致AMH水平异常增高,高水平的AMH通过降低GC对FSH敏感性,抑制P450芳香化酶表达,雄激素向雌激素转化受阻,E2水平降低,致使体内雄激素堆积,高雄激素又促进AMH生成,形成一个恶性循环,最终导致优势卵泡选择受阻,卵泡发育停滞在小窦状卵泡阶段。     

Anti-Mullerian hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is known to be secreted in women by granulosa cells of growing follicles from the primary to the large antral follicle stage. Serum and intrafollicular AMH levels are elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) due to increased number of small follicles and an increased secretion within each of these small follicles. This excess of AMH is strongly suspected to play a role in the follicular arrest of PCOS by a negative action on aromatase expression and on action of FSH. The interest of serum AMH assay is also clinically important because AMH level is more sensitive, more specific and reproducible from one center to another as the follicle count. Rates above 5 ng/ml or 35 pmol/l may be considered as a diagnostic criterion for PCOS.     

Relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone and intrafollicular AMH levels in PCOS women

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disease characterized by various endocrine disorders that are the potential cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Anti-Müllerian hormone expression is suspected to be overexpressed in PCOS granulosa cells. AMH acts as a regulator of folliculogenesis: it is produced by the granulosa cells of follicles from the stage of the primary follicle to the initial formation of the antrum. Serum and intrafollicular AMH levels are elevated in patients with PCOS due to increased number of small follicles and an increased secretion within each of these small follicles. This excess of AMH is strongly suspected to play a role in the characteristic follicular arrest of PCOS, through a negative action on aromatase expression and on FSH action. Value above 5?ng/ml or 35?pmol/l might be considered as a diagnostic criterion for PCOS. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the presence of higher AMH serum levels and higher AMH intrafollicular fluid level of PCOS patients, undergone to IVF cycles, compared to normovulatory patients. The results clearly indicate that blood and intrafollicular AMH levels are significantly higher in PCOS women comparing to the normovulatory population. Serum AMH level appears to be a good predictive marker for the risk ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: thus, its evaluation should be recommended before starting a controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF.     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物抑制裸鼠卵巢癌移植瘤生长同时保护化疗后卵巢功能的研究

目的 研究促性腺激素释放激素( GnRH)类似物抑制卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长,同时保护化疗裸鼠卵巢功能的双重作用.方法 构建卵巢癌ES-2细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为6组(每组6只):(1)生理盐水(NS)组:皮下注射NS 0.1ml/d,1周后腹腔注射NS 0.2ml/周;(2)顺铂(DDP)组:皮下注射NS 0.1ml/d,1周后每周腹腔注射5 mg/kg DDP;(3)戈舍瑞林(goserelin)组:皮下注射goserelin 100 μg/d,1周后腹腔注射NS0.2 ml/周;(4) goserelin+ DDP组:皮下注射goserelin 100 μg/d,1周后每周腹腔注射5 mg/kg DDP;(5)西曲瑞克(cetrorelix)组:皮下注射cetrorelix 100 μg/d,1周后腹腔注射NS0.2 ml/周;(6) cetrorelix+ DDP组:皮下注射cetrorelix 100 μg/d,1周后每周腹腔注射5 mg/kg DDP.用药21 d,观察29 d.比较各组裸鼠体质量、移植瘤体积、移植瘤组织中细胞增殖相关核抗原Ki-67的阳性率、动情周期、卵巢各级卵泡比例、血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇、孕酮水平的差异.结果 各组裸鼠体质量无明显差异(P＞0.05),用药第29天NS组为(19.8 ±2.2)g,DDP组(20.5±1.4)g,gosereline组(19.6±0.9)g,goserelin+DDP组(19.7±1.6)g,cetrorelix组(20.7±2.2)g,cetrorelix+ DDP组(19.0±1.7)g,分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).用药第12天裸鼠移植瘤体积:NS组为(241±179) mm3,DDP组(78±20) mm3,gosereline组(78±55) mm3,goserelin+ DDP组(64±48) mm3,cetrorelix组(78±64) mm3,cetrorelix+ DDP组(70±19) mm3,用药组均明显小于NS组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);第15、19、22、26、29天各用药组移植瘤体积也均明显小于NS组(P＜0.05).NS组Ki-67阳性率为(33± 10)％,DDP组为3.5％,goserelin组8.8％,goserelin+ DDP组1.5％,cetrorelix组(23±11)％,cetrorelix+ DDP组(8±6)％,DDP组、goserelin组和goserelin +DDP组均明显低于NS组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).goserelin组原始卵泡+窦前卵泡率为(71.5±8.1)％,goserelin+DDP组为(62.4± 4.1)％,cetrorelix组(71.2±7.4)％,cetrorelix+DDP组(63.8±2.9)％,均明显高于DDP组的(47.0±4.8)％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).goserelin组血清AMH水平为(98±27) ng/ml,明显高于NS组的(66±17) ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各组裸鼠血清FSH、雌二醇和孕酮水平分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 GnRH类似物能抑制卵巢癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的生长,同时上调AMH分泌、减少动情次数、延长动情周期时间、增加原始卵泡+窦前卵泡率,从而保护卵巢功能.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者显著升高的抗苗勒管激素水平对超促排卵的影响

目的 探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平升高的原因和对体外受精(IVF)促排卵反应的影响。方法 回顾性分析第1次行长方案助孕的PCOS患者(n=158)和排卵正常的卵巢多囊样改变(PCOM)患者(n=256)的临床资料,将患者按“获卵数”分组,获卵数≤5个,为低反应组,获卵数6~14个为正常反应组,获卵数≥15个为高反应组,比较各组间治疗后各项指标的差异。结果 PCOM组和PCOS组的血清AMH值、窦卵泡数(AFC)、血清AMH/AFC比值(AMH×100/AFC总数)组间有统计学差异(P0.05)。促性腺激素(Gn)使用总量和Gn使用时间组间均有统计学差异(P0.05)。PCOM组中,随着AMH水平、AFC总数及AMH/AFC比值的增加,卵巢低反应者也增加。PCOS组中,卵巢反应低下组较正常反应及卵巢高反应组具有更高的AMH水平、AFC总数及AMH/AFC比值。结论 PCOS患者高血清AMH水平可能并不仅仅是因为窦卵泡数量增多的累加效应,同时可能是单个窦卵泡异常过多分泌所致。AMH异常升高可能影响卵巢对Gn的敏感性,但其作用机制仍需更深入研究。     

维生素D与不孕女性卵巢储备标志物的相关性分析

目的探讨血清维生素D水平与卵巢储备标志物抗苗勒管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)和窦卵泡数(antral follicle count,AFC)之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2016年5月—2017年6月第一次接受辅助生殖助孕技术治疗的不孕症患者共2 391例,根据患者血清25(OH)D_3水平分为≤30 nmol/L组(A组,n=417)、30.1~49.9 nmol/L组(B组,n=626)和≥50 nmol/L组(C组,n=1 348)。分析患者血清25(OH)D_3水平与不孕女性卵巢储备标志物血清AMH水平和AFC之间的相关性。结果 (1)各组患者间的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础FSH、不孕原因构成比及不同季节的维生素D水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)3组患者的AMH水平分别为(4.07±3.53)ng/mL、(4.12±3.43)ng/mL和(4.10±3.18)ng/mL;AFC分别为14.0±6.7、13.7±5.9和14.1±6.1,组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)调整潜在的混杂因素后,运用相关因素多重线性回归分析显示,血清AMH水平的偏回归系数(B)=-0.005,标准误差(sx)=0.007,P=0.506;AFC的B=-0.122,sx=0.019,P=0.214,与血清25(OH)D_3水平之间均无相关性(P0.05)。结论不孕女性维生素D和卵巢储备标志物血清AMH水平及AFC之间不存在相关性,对维生素D缺乏的不孕女性通过补充维生素D以改善卵巢储备功能可能没有作用。     

TGF-β_1在PCOS卵巢间质纤维化形成中的作用

目的:探讨TGF-β1在PCOS大鼠卵巢间质纤维化、包膜硬化形成中的作用。方法:利用脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)皮下注射的方法建立PCOS病理模型大鼠20只,用微粒子酶免分析法测定血清性激素E2、T、LH、FSH、LH/FSH、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,及光镜下观察PCOS大鼠卵巢的病理结构,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构来验证模型。采用免疫组化法检测PCOS组(n=20)卵巢细胞因子TGF-β1的表达,并与20只正常大鼠相比照。结果:TGF-β1在PCOS组各阶段卵泡卵母细胞、颗粒细胞的表达强度与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而在窦状卵泡膜细胞和卵巢间质细胞中的表达,PCOS组显著高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:多囊卵巢中TGF-β1表达异常,可能是导致多囊卵巢间质纤维化、包膜增厚的原因之一,TGF-β1也参与PCOS卵泡发育、闭锁的调控。     

Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen on follicle growth in rats

The effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) on ovarian follicle growth was studied in hypophysectomized rats, using histologic, autoradiographic and histochemical techniques. The administration of FSH to immature hypophysectomized rats stimulated the follicle growth with thickening of the theca layer and repair of "deficiency cells". Although DES given to hypophysectomized rats also stimulated the follicle growth, the theca layer was relatively thin compared with that in FSH-treated rats. In order to detect cell division in a growing follicle, the number of labelled granulosa cells with tritiated thymidine as a proportion of the granulosa cells in a growing follicle were counted and the labelling indices of the granulosa cells were calculated. The labelling indices increased by the administration of FSH (p less than 0.05) or DES (p less than 0.05). The uptake of tritiated thymidine and leucine by the theca cells was enhanced only by FSH and was not stimulated by DES. The administration of FSH resulted in an increase of the histochemically demonstrable enzyme activity such as delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) or alkaline phosphatase in the theca cells. In contrast, the administration of DES did not stimulate the enzyme activity of the theca cells. Furthermore, FSH stimulated a release of estradiol and estriol from the ovary of hypophysectomized rat, whereas DES did not. Although ovarian follicle growth was stimulated by both FSH and DES, the effect of the two hormones on the theca cells was quite different and the secretion of estrogen was stimulated by FSH. The results suggest that FSH induced follicle growth of the ovary might be mediated by estrogen produced by the theca cells.     

三维超声自动体积测量技术在多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨经阴道或直肠三维超声自动体积测量(SonoAVC)技术在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)诊断中的价值.方法 使用SonoAVC技术分级计数80例PCOS患者(PCOS组)卵巢内的卵泡数,并测量卵巢体积,以60例输卵管或男性因素的不孕症患者为对照组;测定观察对象早卵泡期的血生殖激素水平,并分析PCOS患者卵泡数、卵巢体积和血生殖激素水平之间的关系.结果 PCOS 组患者的卵巢体积[(11 ±8)ml]、总卵泡数[(27±14)个]及直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数[(22±19)个]显著高于对照组[分别为(6 ±4)ml、(6 ±4)个及(2±3)个],分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);直径≥6～≤9 mm卵泡数与对照组类似,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).总卵泡数及直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数与卵巢体积呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.600、0.618,P＜0.01),直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数与总卵泡数也呈正相关(相关系数为0.916,P＜0.01);直径≥6～≤9 mm卵泡数与卵巢体积及总卵泡数呈负相关(相关系数分别为-0.618、-0.263,P均=0.001);总卵泡数及直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数与血睾酮水平呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.364、0.291,P=0.001、P＜0.05);卵巢体积与卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平呈负相关(相关系数为-0.226,P=0.042),与黄体生成素(LH)/FSH比值呈正相关(相关系数为0.282,P=0.010).结论 PCOS患者的卵巢体积、总卵泡数、直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数显著高于对照人群.卵巢体积越大,总卵泡数及直径≥2～＜6 mm卵泡数增多的可能性越大;血睾酮水平越高,总卵泡数增多的可能性越大,主要以直径≥2～＜6 mm小卵泡绝对增加为主.这些超声特征在一定程度上反映了PCOS患者卵巢的病理生理变化及相应的临床生化改变.SonoAVC卵泡计数法为PCOS患者提供了一种新的客观的卵泡计数方法,使用SonoAVC技术分级计数卵泡数对PCOS的诊断具有重要的临床意义.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate clinical significance of counting follicles classification by three-dimensional imaging with sonography based automated volume calculation(SonoAVC)in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Eighty cases with PCOS were counted classified follicles and determined ovarian volume by three-dimensional(3D)imaging with SonoAVC method matched with 60 infertile women with fallopian tube or male factors as control.Main clinical.biological and other ultrasonographic markers were assessed during the early follicular phase,and the relationship between the follicle number range per ovary or the volume per ovary and the major hormonal features of PCOS was studied.Results Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC methed provides a new path for objective quantitative assessment of follicle count.ovarian volume,total follicle numbers.The volume of (11 ±8)ml,total numbers of 27 ±14 follicle and number of22 ±19 follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than(6 ±4)ml in ovarian volume.6 ±4 in total follicles and 2 ±3 in follicle with diameter of≥2-＜6 mm in controls(P＜0.05).while follicles were similar for the≥6-≤9mm range(P＞0.05).Total follicle numbers and follicles≥2-＜6 mm had significantly positive relationships with ovarian volume ( r= 0. 600, 0. 618, P＜0. 01 ) and level of testosterones ( r= 0. 364,0. 291, P＜0.05), follicles ≥2-＜6 mm also had significantly positive relationships with total follicle number (r=0. 916,P＜0. 01 ). The follicles within the ≥6 - ≤9 mm range was significantly and negatively related to ovarian volume and total follicle numbers ( r = - 0. 618, - 0. 263, all P = 0. 001 ), but no significantly related to the major hormonal features of PCOS. The ovarian volume was significantly positively related with luteinizing hormone ( LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio ( r= 0. 282, P = 0. 010)but negatively related to FSH level (r = - 0. 226, P = 0. 042). Conclusions Ovarian volume, total follicle numbers and follicles ≥2 - ＜6 mm in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. The larger ovarian volume might produce more total follicle and follicles ≥ 2 - ＜6 mm. The higher level of testosterone might produce more total follicle probably, which mainly result in more follicles ≥2 -＜6 mm.These morphologically ultrasonographic characteristics could reflect pathophysiological changes in PCOS. Obviously, it has important clinical significance to count follicles in patients with PCOS by the threedimensional ultrasound imaging with SonoAVC method.