2型糖尿病患者脉搏波传导速度、踝臂指数和颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病人群大动脉顺应性和颈动脉粥样硬化的情况及相关性.方法 随机抽取我院2型糖尿病患者以及正常对照各80例作为研究对象.使用动脉硬化诊断装置VP-1000检测肱踝脉搏波传导速度(BaPWV)和踝臂指数(ABI),采用多普勒彩色超声观察颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)以及斑块形成情况,比较两组合并颈动脉斑块时脉搏波传导速度的变化情况,分析颈动脉IMT与BaPWV和ABI的相关性.结果 糖尿病组BaPWV[(1752±213)cm/s]较正常对照组[(1279±159)cm/s]升高(t=28.09,P＜0.01);糖尿病组ABI(0.95±0.13)与正常对照组(1.28±0.17)相比差异有统计学意义(t =32.11,P＜0.01).糖尿病组颈动脉IMT增厚率(45.0％)及斑块发生率(35.0％)与正常对照组(分别为27.5％和10.8％)相比差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为4.16、4.14,P均＜0.01);糖尿病组合并颈动脉斑块者BaPWV[(1810±296)cm/s]较无颈动脉斑块[(1480±304)cm/s]者升高(t=15.86,P＜0.01).糖尿病患者BaPWV与颈总动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.271,P＜0.05),ABI与IMT呈负相关(r=-0.406,P＜0.05).结论 BaPWV与糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT呈正相关,ABI与IMT呈负相关,BaPWV和ABI可作为评估糖尿病外周动脉硬化情况有效且简便易行的指标.     

炎症因子与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨炎症因子与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 50例2型糖尿病患者,根据胰岛素抵抗指数分为胰岛素抵抗组(IR组)26例及非胰岛素抵抗组(NIR组)24例,同时选取24名健康体检者为对照组.3组患者均行超声检查颈动脉IMT,测定空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)等指标,采用自我平衡模型分析法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 对照组、NIR组及IR组患者的HOMA-IR、hs-CRP、TNF-α及IMT水平均逐渐增加,且3组间比较差异均有统计学意义[HOMA-IR:1.74±0.49、2.24±0.41、4.89±0.84(F=190.228,P＜0.01);hs-CRP:(1.75±0.83)、(3.08±1.04)、(5.89±1.17) mg/L(F=106.523,P＜0.01);TNF-α:(15.25±7.64)、(23.38±8.82)、(47.42±9.97) rng/L,(F=89.210,P＜0.01);IMT:(0.69 ±0.31)、(1.07 ±0.32)、(1.49±0.43) mm(F=30.942,P＜0.01)];相关性分析显示hs-CRP水平与HOMA-IR、IMT水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.453、0.395,P均＜0.05),TNF-α水平与HOMA-IR、IMT水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.428、0.376,P均＜0.05),HOMA-IR水平与IMT水平呈正相关(r =0.403,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者存在炎症反应,并与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,炎症因子与胰岛素抵抗在2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用.     

原发性高血压患者骨桥蛋白与醛固酮、颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血浆骨桥蛋白(OPN)、血清醛固酮(ALD)水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 选择EH患者91例,按IMT值分为EH无颈动脉硬化组50例和EH合并颈动脉硬化组41例.对照组为同期常规健康体检正常者39例.测定血浆OPN、血清ALD水平.同时做超声测量颈动脉IMT值.结果EH无颈动脉硬化组较对照组血浆OPN(31.56±4.06)μg/L vs (29.54±5.64) μg/L、血清ALD( 134.61±19.23)ng/L vs(125.04±21.77)ng/L水平升高(均P＜0.05);EH合并颈动脉硬化组较对照组升高更显著:血浆OPN(34.20±4.35)μg/L vs(29.54±5.64)μg/L、血清ALD(143.95±24.07) ng/L vs(125.04±21.77)ng/L(均P＜0.01).EH患者血浆OPN与血清ALD水平(r=0.594,P＜0.05)及颈动脉IMT(r=0.424,P＜0.01)存在正相关.结论EH患者血浆OPN水平升高,且与血清ALD水平及颈动脉IMT存在正相关;提示EH患者血浆OPN升高可能在其动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用.     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与亚临床炎症因子的关系

[目的]观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化与慢性亚临床炎症因子的关系,探讨炎症反应对糖尿病大血管病变的影响.[方法]检测136例T2DM患者双侧颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT),根据超声检查结果,分为颈动脉粥样硬化组(A组,51例)和对照组(C组,85例),比较两组空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、外周血白细胞(WBC)计数及体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).[结果]A组与C组比较BMI、HbAlc、HOMA-IR、TG、LDL以及hsCRP,WBC均升高,且差异均具有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).相关分析显示IMT与BMI、HbAlc、HOMA-IR、LDL、hsCRP、WBC呈正相关.[结论]慢性亚临床炎症参与T2DM大血管病变的发生及发展,炎症因子水平可为预测和评估病情提供依据.     

原发性高血压合并代谢综合征患者血清游离脂肪酸水平与颈动脉内中膜增厚关系的研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)合并代谢综合征(MS)患者游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 选择EH合并MS患者69例(EH+MS组)、单纯EH患者57例(EH组).选取健康体检者50名作为健康对照组.比较3组患者FFA、体重指数(BMI)、颈动脉IMT及颈动脉内中膜增厚发生率情况.结果 ①EH+MS组的BMI、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FPG)均高于单纯EH组和健康对照组[(26.0±2.1)、(24.9±2.3)、(23.6±1.6)kg/m2,(2.40±0.81)、(1.93±0.55)、(1.49±0.36)mmol/L,(5.64±0.82)、(5.10±1.08)、(4.70±0.90)mmol/L,F值分别为20.06、30.96、15.17,P＜0.05或＜0.01].②EH+MS组血清FFA高于单纯EH组及健康对照组[(562.11±55.12)、(402.65±49.53)、(356.23±45.93)μmol/L,F=277.28,P＜0.01].③3组颈动脉IMT依次为(1.10±0.13)、(0.82±0.12)、(0.70±0.11)mm,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);颈动脉IMT增厚发生率依次为28.99%(20/69)、17.54%(10/57)、2.00%(1/50),两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).结论 EH合并MS患者血中FFA水平升高与颈动脉内中膜增厚相关.     

高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数与靶器官损害的相关性分析

目的 研究高血压患者的动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与肾脏损害以及颈动脉内膜损伤的相关性.方法 筛选无糖尿病和其他致动脉硬化疾病的高血压患者149例,以及同期健康体检者48名作为正常对照组,分别行24h动态血压监测(ABPM)及尿白蛋白及尿肌酐测定、颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)测量,计算出AASI,进行AASI与尿白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(ACR)以及IMT等的相关性分析.结果 高血压组与正常对照组间相比,ACR(46.34与33.52)(P＜0.05)、微量白蛋白尿发生率(41％与21％)、IMT[(0.90 ±0.21)mm与(0.83±0.20)mm]、颈动脉异常发生率(72％与60％)以及AASI(0.50±0.16与0.42±0.17)间差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),而ACR正常组与异常组比较,IMT正常组与异常组比较,异常组AASI均明显升高,差异具有统计学意义[分别为0.453±0.153与0.511±0.155,(0.453 ±0.156)mm与(0.535±0.157)mm,t值分别为2.210、2,809,P＜0.05、P＜0.01].结论 高血压患者的AASI与肾脏损害及颈动脉内膜损伤程度有明显相关性.     

原发性高血压动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉弹性功能的相关性

目的探讨原发性高血压动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉弹性功能改变的相关性。方法选择原发性高血压患者104例和对照组健康成人50例,二维超声检测颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT),应用血管回声跟踪技术(ET)检测受检者颈总动脉僵硬度、压力应变系数、顺应性、增大指数、单点脉搏传播速度等弹性功能参数,将原发性高血压患者按IMT≥1.0mm者为颈动脉硬化组,1.0mm者为无颈动脉硬化组。通过24h动态血压监测,计算动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)。分析AASI与颈动脉弹性功能参数的相关性。结果原发性高血压患者和对照组动态动脉硬化指数分别为0.56±0.14和0.41±0.12(P0.01);高血压颈动脉硬化组和无颈动脉硬化组动态动脉硬化指数分别为0.59±0.12和0.50±0.11(P0.05);AASI与颈动脉僵硬度、压力应变系数、膨大指数、单点脉搏传导速度呈正相关(r=0.336、0.269、0.274、0.356,均P0.05),与顺应性呈负相关(r=-0.282,P0.01)。与对照组比较,高血压组颈动脉僵硬度指数、压力应变系数、膨大指数、单点脉搏传导速度增大,顺应性降低(P0.05)。结论动态动脉硬化指数可以反映颈动脉硬化及弹性功能改变。原发性高血压动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切。     

单纯老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化与血高同型半胱氨酸的相关性研究

目的:探讨单纯老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血高同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性。方法:以单纯老年2型糖尿病患者50例为研究组,年龄、性别相匹配的无高血压、糖尿病患者50例为对照组,比较两组空腹血糖、血脂、高同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉壁内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)、动脉斑块Crouse积分。结果:与对照组相比,研究组的高同型半胱氨酸水平、颈动脉IMT、斑块Crouse积分及斑块检出率均明显增高(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、空腹血糖(FPG)、高同型半胱氨酸均是颈动脉硬化的高危因素。结论:高同型半胱氨酸是老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化发生发展的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者高甘油三酯血症与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者高甘油三酯血症与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 将2008年6月至2010年6月我院收治的149例2型糖尿病患者按甘油三酯升高与否分为高甘油三酯血症组(88例)与甘油三酯正常组(61例).通过测定2型糖尿病患者腰围(WC)、腰围身高比值(WHtR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(TC)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),比较两组上述指标间的差异.结果 高甘油三酯血症组患者的WC、WHtR、UA、TC、FINS、HOMA-IR与甘油三酯正常组比较有明显升高[高甘油三酯血症组:WC(89.51±10.31) cm,WHtR 0.55±0.06,UA(316.95±88.50) μmol/L,wC(5.74±1.72) mmol/L,FINS(8.63±4.91) μU/L,HOMA-IR 4.48±3.14;甘油三酯正常组WC:(86.31±7.98) cm,WHtR 0.53±0.05,UA(275.48±88.36)μmol/L,wC(5.15±1.13) mmol/L,FINS(6.20±3.89) μU/L,HOMA-IR 3.38±2.76;t值分别是2.133、2.315、2.815、2.349、2.364、2.221,P均＜0.05].HOMA-IR与WC(r=0.233,P＜ 0.01)、WHtR(r=0.268,P ＜0.01)、BMI(r =0.161,P ＜0.05)、FPG(r =0.442,P ＜0.01)、AST(r =0.169,P ＜0.05)、UA(r=0.907,P＜0.01)、TG(r=0.220,P＜0.01)、FINS(r=0.907,P＜0.01)呈正相关.结论 2型糖尿病伴甘油三酯增高者加重胰岛素抵抗.     

2型糖尿病患者瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清瘦素与性别、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的关系.方法 随机选取56例2型糖尿病患者与22例非糖尿病者,分别测定体质指数、腰臀比、空腹瘦素、空腹和餐后2 h血糖、空腹和餐后2 h胰岛素、总胆固醇和甘油三酯.结果 血清瘦素平均水平男性(8.5±0.9)μg/L,女性(17.2±1.1)μg/L,女性高于男性(P＜0.01);血清瘦素与体质指数呈显著正相关(r=0.64,P＜0.01),与男性腰臀比显著正相关(r=0.05,P＜0.01),与胰岛素显著正相关(空腹:r=0.36,P＜0.01;餐后2 h:r=0.36,P＜0.01),与2型糖尿病组胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈负相关(r=-0.31,P＜0.05),与血糖、血脂无相关性.结论 血清瘦素水平与体质指数、男性腰臀比显著正相关,与胰岛素显著正相关,与2型糖尿病组胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈负相关.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿与早期动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的观察初诊2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率（uAER）与早期血管动脉硬化的关系。方法对86例初诊2型糖尿病患者,留尿测定尿UAER,并根据UAER分为两组,同时用高分辨率超声检测颈动脉内膜厚度（IMT）,进行组间比较,对两者关系进行统计分析。结果初诊2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT与尿UAER、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）显著相关。结论尿UAER增高是初诊2型糖尿病患者早期大血管病变的独立危险因素。     

血清脂联素及C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的探讨血清脂联素及C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉平均内膜中层厚度（IMT）的相关性。方法测定89例2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉平均IMT、血清脂联素、（hs）CRP及其他生化指标,按颈总动脉平均IMT将患者分为内膜正常组、内膜增厚组、斑块形成组、管腔狭窄组,比较各组间血清脂联素、（hs）CRP水平。对颈总动脉内膜异常患者,采用多元回归分析,统计颈总动脉IMT和血清脂联素、（hs）CRP之间的关系。结果内膜正常组、内膜增厚组、斑块形成组、管腔狭窄组各组间血清脂联素水平逐渐降低,（hs）CRP水平逐渐增高,4组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。动脉硬化组中颈总动脉IMT与血清脂联素呈负相关（P〈0．01）、与（hs）CRP呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论血清脂联素、（hs）CRP可能与2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉IMT的增厚有关,提示2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与（hs）CRP可协助诊断冠心病。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与多重危险因素关系探讨

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与多重心血管病危险因素的关系,评估危险因素对亚临床型靶器官损害,减少心血管病总体危险因素.方法 选择2007年5月至2009年5月在我院门诊及病房住院的426例患者给予颈动脉彩色超声检查,根据检查结果分为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组284例,颈动脉无粥样硬化斑块斑块组142例患者,分别记录年龄、吸烟、体重指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症病史.实验室检测血浆总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]、载脂蛋白( ApoA1)、载脂蛋白(ApoB)、超高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、微量白蛋白尿(MAU)、血尿酸(UA)等,将自变量及单变量数据进行统计学处理,找出致颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的危险因素,并对结果进行分析.结果 年龄、饮酒与颈总动脉内中膜(IMT)增厚相关(P＜0.001).超重、糖尿病、LP(a)增高、高脂血症、年龄、MAU、HCY可独立预测颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成(x2 =71.35、38.45、t =3.26、x2=37.23、t=118.51、6.723、3.17,P均＜0.05)危险因素个数聚集的多寡与IMT、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块独立相关(P =0.0001).结论 年龄、饮酒、超重、糖尿病、LP(a)增高、高脂血症、MAU、HCY是预测颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成的危险因素,并具有多重、聚集的特点,危险因素的个数越多,危险性越大.     

Increased intimal-medial thickness in newly detected type 2 diabetes: risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To examine carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and its determinants in newly detected type 2 diabetic subjects, classified according to the new criteria of the American Diabetes Association, in comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was case-controlled, with matched pairs for 71 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic individuals. Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited from a risk population for diabetes seen in the Risk Factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) Study. Standard risk factors, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test with real insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide, and ultrasound measurement of the IMT of the common carotid artery were performed. RESULTS: The diabetic subjects, both men and women, displayed carotid intimal-medial thickening, even in the subgroup with fasting plasma glucose between 7.0 and 7.8 mmol/l. HbA1c was significantly increased in the diabetic patients (6.33 vs. 5.48%). Insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were also significantly higher. Among the coronary risk factors, triglycerides and plasminogen activator inhibitor were significantly increased. After age and sex adjustment. IMT in the diabetic group was correlated to triglycerides and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. In the total group, IMT was significantly correlated to blood pressure, 2-h glucose in oral glucose tolerance testing, triglycerides, albuminuria, and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and inversely correlated to HDL cholesterol. No independent determinant of IMT was found in the diabetic group by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Newly detected type 2 diabetic patients exhibit a higher degree of early atherosclerosis than normal glucose-tolerant subjects matched for age and sex. Our data suggest that hyperglycemia, together with a clustering of risk factors, and in particular dyslipidemia, may cause intimal-medial thickening in the early phases of diabetes.     

血清基质金属蛋白酶-9与2型糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 选择93例T2DM患者作为研究对象,测量患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块情况.根据IMT值将选取T2DM患者分为3组:单纯糖尿病组32例(糖尿病组),糖尿病颈动脉内中膜增厚组31例(中膜增厚组),糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成组30例(斑块组);另选健康查体者30名作为对照组.测定血清MMP-9浓度并进行相关分析.结果 糖尿病组血清MMP-9为(550.26±269.28)μg/L,显著高于对照组(359.70±215.62)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=2.23,P＜0.05);中膜增厚组MMP-9为(712.15±340.47)μg/L明显高于对照组(t=4.53,P＜0.01)和单纯糖尿病组(t=2.40,P＜0.05);斑块组MMP-9为(889.08±247.80)μg/L明显高于对照组(t=7.01,P＜0.01)、糖尿病组(t=4.89,P＜0.01)和中膜增厚组(t=2.53,P＜0.05).结论 血清MMP-9升高与颈动脉粥样硬化的病变程度密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigated the relationship between serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and carotid atherosclerosis(AS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 93 patients with T2DM were recruited to our study.The intima-media thickness(IMT) and plaques of carotid artery were measured.These patients were divided into 3 groups according to their IMT values: diabetes mellitus(DM) group(n=32),carotid artery intima thicken group(n=31) and carotid artery intima plaque group(n=30).At the same time,30 healthy individuals were selected as control.Serum level of MMP-9 were determined and analyzed.Results The serum MMP-9 in DM group was significantly higher than that in healthy controls([550.26±269.28]μg/L vs.[359.70±215.62]μg/L,t=2.23,P＜0.05).The serum MMP-9 level of intima thicken group(712.15±340.47)μg/L was significantly higher than that in healthy controls(t=4.53,P＜0.01) and DM group(t=2.40,P＜0.05).The serum MMP-9 level of plaque group([889.08±247.80]μg/L) was even more significantly higher than DM group(t=4.89,P＜0.01),IMT group(t=2.53,P＜0.05) and healthy controls(t=7.01,P＜0.01).Conclusion The severity of carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM is closely associated with the serum MMP-9 level.     

老年2型糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化与同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、超敏C反应蛋白的关系

目的观察老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的关系。方法将110例老年2型糖尿病(DM)患者作为T2DM组,根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分为IMT正常组和IMT增厚组,同时随机抽取同期健康体检者32例作为对照组。结果 (1)T2DM组Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys C、IMT、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、餐后2 h血糖(2h PP)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、血脂(TG)、空腹血糖(FPG)显著高于对照组(均P0.05),叶酸(FA)、HDL-C低于对照组(P0.05);(2)IMT增厚组Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys C显著高于IMT正常组(均P0.01),FA水平低于IMT正常组(P0.05)。(3)相关分析显示IMT与Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys C、LDL-C、FPG、Hb A1c和2h PP正相关,与HDL-C负相关,与年龄、BMI、性别、血压、TC和TG无相关性。血浆Hcy与FA负相关,与维生素B12无相关。Cys C水平与hs-CRP、2h PP、Hb A1c相关。(4)Logistic回归分析Hcy、hs-CRP、Cys C是影响老年T2DM患者IMT的独立相关因素(OR=1.95、3.614、12.125,均P0.05)。结论血Cys C、Hcy、hs-CRP升高与老年2型糖尿病合并CAS的发生、发展密切相关。     

Preclinical atherosclerosis and inflammation in 61-year-old men with newly diagnosed diabetes and established diabetes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis and underlying mechanisms in men with newly diagnosed diabetes and established diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a population-based study of 61-year-old Caucasian men (n = 271) with established diabetes (n = 50) and newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 197), standard risk factors and highly sensitive (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Ultrasound measurements of intima-media thickness (IMT) were performed bilaterally in the common carotid artery, and a composite measure was calculated from common carotid and carotid bulb IMT (composite IMT). The plaque status was assessed. RESULTS: Composite IMT and carotid plaque size increased gradually among the healthy control subjects, newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and established diabetic patients (P for trend < or =0.001, respectively). CRP was higher in newly and established diabetes (NS between diabetes groups) compared with healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol levels were lower in newly diagnosed diabetes (5.51 +/- 1.13 mmol/l, P < 0.05) and established diabetes (5.45 +/- 1.15 mmol/l, P < 0.01) compared with those of healthy control subjects (5.77 +/- 1.03 mmol/l). In men with diabetes (n = 74), diabetes onset status (newly diagnosed versus established), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and serum triglycerides, but not CRP, explained 16% of the variance in composite IMT. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show increased preclinical atherosclerotic changes (IMT and plaque size) and increased inflammation (hs-CRP) in men with newly diagnosed diabetes as well as in patients with established diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. WHR, diabetes onset status (newly diagnosed versus established), and triglycerides, but not CRP, were independent correlates of carotid artery IMT in men with diabetes.     

Correlation between the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and aortic pulse-wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Vessel wall properties in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between atherotic (structural) and sclerotic (functional) changes in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Aortic distensibility and carotid intimal-media thickness (IMT) were evaluated using carotid-femoral aortic pulse-wave velocity (a-PWV) and high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 271 patients with type 2 diabetes and 285 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: a-PWV and carotid IMT were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects in all age-groups (P < 0.0001, respectively). The carotid IMT and a-PWV were significantly correlated with age in both the patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. There was a significant positive relationship between the carotid IMT and a-PWV in both the patients (r = 0.482, P < 0.0001) and control subjects (r = 0.424, P < 0.0001). The slope of the regression line for the carotid IMT to the a-PWV was significantly steeper in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis in all subjects showed that age, diabetic state, and cigarette smoking were independently common risk factors for the increase in carotid IMT and a-PWV. In the diabetic patients, the independent risk factors associated with the carotid IMT were age, hyperlipidemia, and duration of diabetes (R2 = 0.232, P < 0.0001), while those associated with a-PWV were age and duration of diabetes (R2 = 0.334, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that diabetic patients showed more advanced changes in atherosis than that in sclerosis as compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Such atherotic changes in diabetic patients may be associated with hyperlipidemia.     

Association between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence to suggest that low concentrations of testosterone are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis as well as major cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum free and total testosterone concentrations were measured in 253 consecutive men with type 2 diabetes. The relationships between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis, determined by ultrasonographically evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score (PS) in a subgroup of 154 diabetic patients, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations, were evaluated. RESULTS: Inverse correlations were found between free testosterone (F-tes) concentration and IMT (r = -0.206, P = 0.0103) and between F-tes concentration and PS (r = -0.334, P < 0.001). The IMT and PS were significantly greater in patients with lower concentrations of F-tes (<10 pg/ml) than in patients with higher concentrations of F-tes (1.01 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.26 mm, P = 0.038; 4.5 +/- 3.8 vs. 2.4 +/- 3.2, P = 0.0003; respectively). An inverse correlation was found between serum F-tes concentration and age (r = -0.420, P < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between serum F-tes and total cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.145, P = 0.0238). CONCLUSIONS: Serum F-tes concentration is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis determined by ultrasonographically evaluated IMT and PS in men with type 2 diabetes.