Vaginal para-urethral myxoid leiomyoma: case report and review of the literature

Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare solid tumour of unknown aetiology, which usually develops in women between the ages of 35 and 50. As it presents with a wide range of symptoms, diagnosis is based on histological findings. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old white woman with a painless vaginal mass associated with dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. She underwent surgery by vaginal route, and the histological findings confirmed a myxoid leiomyoma. After 17 months, the patient was disease-free, and symptoms disappeared. Vaginal leiomyomas are rare, local recurrence and transformation into sarcoma are rare, and complete surgical excision as soon as possible is recommended.     

Primary epididymal leiomyoma: a case report

A 53-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of painful induration in the left scrotum. It was difficult to determine by manual palpation whether the induration was derived from the testis or paratesticular tissues including epididymis. Computerized tomographic scanning and ultrasonography revealed a left paratesticular mass, 3 cm in diameter, with unclear margin of the atrophic testis, which was suspected as originating from the epididymis. Although tumor extirpation was intended, he underwent inguinal orchiectomy due to strong adhesion of the mass to the ipsilateral atrophic testis. The tumor was opalescent, gum elastic, and solid, measuring 5 x 3 x 2 cm in size. Histopathological examination revealed a primary leiomyoma of the epididymis. The details of this rare case of primary epididymal leiomyoma that originated from the epididymal tail are reported herein.     

壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤十例患者诊治经验的初步探讨

目的通过对壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊疗进行回顾性分析,初步探讨其临床诊疗方式。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院泌尿外科行手术治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤10例患者资料。其中男性1例,女性9例,年龄33~51(44±6)岁。其中5例患者以膀胱刺激症状为主要临床表现,1例患者以下腹痛为主要表现,还有4例患者无明显临床症状,患者发病时间1周至2年,平均4.9个月。患者泌尿系彩超检查发现膀胱壁上形态规则、表面覆盖黏膜高回声的低回声包块。CTU检查为膀胱壁均质样实性肿块,边界清楚、光滑,无侵蚀表现,膀胱壁走形自然,且壁周脂肪间隙清晰,膀胱内可见充盈缺损。膀胱镜检查可见瘤体表面黏膜常完整连续,可见局部稍向膀胱内隆起。根据患者肿瘤部位、大小,10例患者分别采用经尿道平滑肌瘤剜除术和腹腔镜下平滑肌瘤剜除术,3例患者术中冰冻切片示:膀胱平滑肌瘤。结果10例患者中有临床症状者:其中5例以膀胱刺激症状为主诉的患者术后症状明显缓解,表现为下腹部疼痛症状的患者术后腹痛症状消失,所有患者术后均未发生并发症,术后随访4~24个月(平均16个月)均未见肿瘤复发且未诉漏尿等常见并发症。结论泌尿系彩超,CTU等影像学检查与膀胱镜相结合是诊断壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,经尿道肿瘤剜除术、腹腔镜下肿瘤剜除术是治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效的手术方式且预后较好。     

Primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma: A rare case report

IntroductionSynovial sarcomas commonly occur in the extremities of young adults. A primary occurrence in the mediastinum is very rare with only a few reported cases in the world literature.We report a case of mediastinal synovial sarcoma. This paper is about a 47-year-old male who presented with retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breath on exertion. Imaging showed an anterior mediastinal mass. Pathological examination of the resected mass showed a biphasic neoplasm with a spindle cell component admixed with gland-like elements. The tumor showed positive staining with cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin confirming the diagnosis of a biphasic synovial sarcoma.DiscussionA wide range of neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, occur in the mediastinum, which pose considerable diagnostic difficulties. A synovial sarcoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis, and immunohistochemistry is an important adjuvant tool in this situation.ConclusionThis paper highlights the importance of recognizing an unusual presentation of this aggressive neoplasm to aid appropriate clinical management.     

Primary leiomyoma of the liver: a case report

A 61-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a liver tumor discovered at a medical checkup. A hypervascular tumor located in liver segment I, measuring 45 mm in diameter, was visualized on ultrasonography. The tumor showed strong uniform enhancement from an early phase on computed tomography and angiography. Right hepatectomy with total caudate lobe resection was performed. Pathological examination revealed the tumor to be a primary leiomyoma of the liver, positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin on immunohistochemical examination. Primary liver leiomyoma is very rare and only 18 cases have been reported to date. The clinical features of these cases from the literature are also discussed.     

Surgical treatment of a hindfoot plantar leiomyoma: A case study

Leiomyomas within the foot are rare and are difficult to diagnose with only the radiographic and clinical picture. They are benign, slow growing, and very rarely cause pain. We present an unusual case of a dermatology referral patient complaining of callus formation on the plantar aspect of the foot as well as shoe discomfort. The mass was believed to be a lipoma or a fibroma but after surgical excision was found to be a leiomyoma. Our case highlights the rarity of this diagnosis and presents a unique surgical technique utilizing a medial approach to the plantar hindfoot for lesion removal.     

泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤15例临床分析

目的：探讨泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤临床表现，提高对其诊治水平。方法：对15例泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析，其中平滑肌瘤13例，平滑肌肉瘤1例，混合性平滑肌瘤1例（并发移行细胞癌），分别位于肾、输尿管、膀胱、尿道、附睾。肿瘤均手术切除，并经病理检查证实。结果：15例均获随访，13例平滑肌瘤术后无复发，1例平滑肌肉瘤术后16年无瘤生存，1例混合性平滑肌瘤至截稿时为术后2个月。结论：泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤发生率低，以附睾多发，缺少临床特征，术前确诊困难，主要靠病理检查确诊。手术切除是治疗平滑肌肿瘤最佳方法。     

A rare inguinal mass: Round ligament leiomyoma

INTRODUCTIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament is a rare condition and usually appears like an inguinal hernia.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a case of a 40 year-old women found to have an inguinal mass which it was finally diagnosed as leiomyoma.The patient was admitted to our hospital with a history of painless groin mass. The mass was thought to be irreducible inguinal hernia. Surgical exploration demonstrated a round ligament leiomyoma.DISCUSSIONA smooth muscle tumor in the round ligament of the uterus in the inguinal region is a rare entity and can be mistaken for an irreducible inguinal hernia. It is a rare condition occurring predominantly in premenopausal middle-aged women. Abdominal, inguinal, and vulvar locations have been described. Surgical excision is the curative treatment.CONCLUSIONLeiomyoma of the round ligament should be entertained as a possible etiology of inguinal mass.     

巨大膀胱平滑肌瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断和治疗。方法本报告了一例罕见的巨大膀胱平滑肌瘤,并在献复习的基础上对该病的发病情况、病理改变、临床表现、诊断及治疗方法进行了讨论。结果本例经手术治疗痊愈,随访1年,良好。结论膀胱平滑肌瘤是膀胱最常见的非上皮肿瘤,一般无症状。诊断依靠影像学检查,以手术治疗为主,愈后良好。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的病因、诊治方法和预后。方法 回顾性分析1984年至2005年收治6例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者资料。患者男1例，女5例，平均年龄36岁。临床表现为排尿障碍4例、血尿1例、膀胱刺激症状1例。病程1～16个月。除1例血尿患者外，其余5例均非首诊。6例B超检查，首次发现病变3例。5例行CT检查，均发现肿块且有不同程度强化。6例膀胱镜检，发现肿瘤2例，提示占位病变3例。肿瘤直径1．5-5．0cm。6例均采用手术治疗。结果 6例患者术后排尿通畅，血尿消失，排尿刺激症状明显缓解。1例术后出现伤口漏尿，经保守治疗治愈，余未发生其他并发症。6例随访9个月～8年，未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论 膀胱平滑肌瘤是一种少见的良性肿瘤，临床症状不典型，排尿障碍和血尿是最常见的表现，诊断主要依靠B超、CT和膀胱镜检查，初诊时误诊率较高。外科手术治疗预后良好。     

Leiomyoma of small bowel: a case report.

Benign small bowel tumors are rare and usually present in late adult life. Because of its raity, a case of benign leiomyoma of the small bowel presenting with distal small bowel obstruction in childhood is reported, with a discussion of the principles of management.     

A rare case of leiomyoma of the internal anal sphincter

IntroductionLeiomyoma is a benign tumour which derives from the smooth muscle fibres and it may occurs in every site in which this type of muscle is present. Among all benign soft tissue tumours it represents almost 3.8% and its pathogenesis remains still unknown.Presentation of caseThe present case is about a 62 year old woman referred to our centre complaining anal and perineal pain which increase after defecation in association with the appearance of a nodule in the perianal region fixed to the anal sphincter. A 360° tridimensional transanal ultrasound was performed and it showed an anterior nodular thickening of the internal anal sphincter. After an inconclusive preoperative biopsy and a counselling with the patient, the surgeons decided to proceed with the surgical excision. The immunohistochemical examination confirmed the preoperative suspicion of leiomyoma. At 1 year follow-up the patient had not tumour-related symptoms or fecal incontinence and any signs of local recurrence at ultrasound imaging were demonstrated.DiscussionLeiomyomas are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy whereby surgery is the treatment of choice and it should be adequate to the site and dimension of the lesion achieving a complete resection with free margins. A further close follow-up is needed too.ConclusionNowadays there is not a gold standard technique to treat such kind of lesions and the decision of the best surgical approach should depend on the dimension and site. In fact, surgery aims to the oncological outcome trying also to minimize the possible post-operative functional complications.