埃布斯坦综合征合并预激综合征的外科治疗

目的　为了提高手术疗效 ,总结埃布斯坦综合征 (Ebstein syndrome)合并预激综合征的手术治疗经验。方法　 11例患者均有埃布斯坦综合征及严重三尖瓣关闭不全 ,合并 A型预激综合征 4例 ,B型 7例。术中电生理标测显示 11例中有 12条附加旁道 ,右心室游离壁 6例 ,左心室游离壁 3例 ,后间隔 1例 ,后间隔和右心室游离壁双旁道 1例。所有患者的房室附加旁道均在体外循环下被成功地手术切割 ;埃布斯坦综合征按 Danielson方法行成形术 9例 ,三尖瓣置换术 2例。　结果　全组 11例无手术后早、晚期死亡 ;术后随访 4个月～ 6年 ,平均随访 3.4± 1.3年 ,无预激综合征复发 ,2例有轻度三尖瓣关闭不全。心功能 级 9例 , 级 2例。　结论　手术治疗埃布斯坦综合征合并预激综合征 ,可同时纠正埃布斯坦综合征伴三尖瓣关闭不全和预激综合征 ,治疗效果良好。     

预激综合征根治术的麻醉处理

预激综合征根治术的麻醉处理梁韶军１岳云１郑强荪我院自１９８９年至１９９３年对预激综合征２６例患者施行了根治术。现总结其麻醉处理的经验。临床资料２６例中，男１１例，女１５例，年龄５～６３岁，其中≤１４岁５例，１５～６０岁１９例，≥６１岁２例。隐匿性预激...     

Bouveret综合征（附6例报告）

Ｂｏｕｖｅｒｅｔ综合征，即胆石性十二指肠梗阻，是一级少见病征。本文报告１５年间收治的６例，并提出了几点诊断体会，认为手术解除结石梗阻是唯一的治疗手段，主张作肠瘘修补术和胆囊切除。     

预激综合征非心脏手术的麻醉处理

预激综合征非心脏手术的麻醉处理施庆＊手术病人中，合并预激综合征（ＷＰＷＳ）的并不多见。我院自１９８６年以来共有５１例ＷＰＷＳ者接受了非心脏手术，１例于术中室上性心动过速发作。现报告如下。临床资料全组５１例，男２３，女２８，年龄２４～８５岁。手术种类包...     

肩胛舌骨肌综合征（附6例报告）

肩胛舌骨肌综合征是因该肌变性、萎缩、弹性减退而引起的颈部症状群,临床少见。常致误诊,以致得不到合理治疗。我院自1985年1月至1992年12月共收治该征6例,报告如下:     

心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床研究（附1106例报告）

目的　探讨心脏不停跳心内直视手术的方法和意义。方法　总结 110 6例施行心脏不停跳心内直视手术病例。并行循环者 ,阻断上、下腔静脉而不阻断升主动脉 ,不使用心脏停搏液 ;逆行灌注者 ,阻断升主动脉后经冠状静脉窦逆行持续灌注机器氧合血 ,鼻咽温维持在 (33± 1)℃ ,均在心脏空跳条件下完成心内直视手术。结果　心脏手术完毕即可停机 ,术后血流动力学平稳 ,多巴胺用量很少。低心输出量综合征发生率 0 .45 % ,无严重心律失常 ,血尿发生率 1.90 %～ 3.41%。血液生化、心肌超微结构检查结果均显示较传统方法好。无 1例发生空气栓塞。早期死亡率 1.90 % (2 1/ 110 6例 )。结论　心脏不停跳法是一种较接近生理状态的心肌保护方法 ,能最大程度地减少心肌缺血缺氧损伤 ,避免再灌注损伤 ,而获得较理想的心肌保护效果     

主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结84例主动脉夹层患者的外科治疗经验,探讨手术技巧和围术期处理,以提高手术疗效。方法50例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在体外循环下（11例采用深低温停循环技术）行Bentall手术或Cabrol手术24例,升主动脉人工血管置换术8例,Trusler手术5例,Wheat手术5例,升主动脉＋主动脉全弓或半弓人工血管置换术8例;34例Stanford B型主动脉夹层采用带膜支架主动脉腔内修复术治疗。结果住院死亡11例,死亡率13．1％。术中死亡3例,其中1例升主动脉＋次全弓人工血管置换患者因术中主动脉开放后主动脉根部大出血无法止血;1例升主动脉部分切除＋人工血管置换患者心脏无法复跳;1例升主动脉＋半弓血管置换患者因降主动脉夹层破裂死亡。术后早期死亡8例,其中死于低心排血量综合征2例,肺部感染2例,肾功能衰竭2例,呼吸衰竭1例,永久性神经系统损害1例。术后发生并发症16例。随访62例（84．9％,62／73）,随访时间3个月～10年。随访期间死亡2例,其中1例死于心内膜炎,1例猝死（原因不明）。结论快速准确地诊断、个体化的手术方案和精确的手术技术是主动脉夹层手术成功的关键。     

Interruption of Multiple Accessory Conduction Pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Of 35 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome operated on, 5 were seen with two accessory conduction pathways each; all of these were successfully interrupted. In one patient, one accessory conduction pathway each was located in the right and left side of the heart; in the other 4, both pathways were confined to the right side. In 2 patients with unilateral (right side) multiple accessory conduction pathways, Ebstein's anomaly was also present.In 1 patient with Ebstein's anomaly, the second unilateral accessory conduction pathway was discovered intraoperatively and was successfully interrupted. The remaining 4 patients required a second operation to interrupt the other pathway. A delta wave completely different from the preoperative one appeared 4 to 10 days after interruption of the first major pathway, and the second operation was performed 14 days, 42 days, four months, or five years after the first operation. All 5 patients survived, and long-term follow-up revealed no signs of morbidity.     

成人结肠冗长症的诊治(附42例分析)

目的：探讨成人结肠冗长症的诊断与围手术期处理经验，提高对该病的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析42例成人结肠冗长症的临床资料，并作了随访观察。结果：32例患者（75．7％）有顽固性便秘，18例患者（42．9％）存在反复不完全肠梗阻，16例患者（38．1％）便秘与腹泻交替出现，以便秘为主。39例经X线钡剂灌肠透视确诊。急诊手术3例，择期手术39例。41例（97．6％）病理检查于镜下可见典型改变。42例均行不同长度的肠段切除，4例加行乙状结肠固定术。术后随访率为83．3％（35／42），28例症状消失，4例仍有症状，保守治疗有效果，3例再次手术，术后症状消失。结论：典型的病史和X线钡剂灌肠可确诊成人结肠冗长症，外科手术是治疗本病的最终有效措施。     

Surgical Division of Posterior Septal Accessory Pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A New Modified Approach

A new modified surgical approach for the division of posterior septal accessory pathways is described. This method incorporates some of the desirable components of previously reported techniques, while eliminating difficult and unreliable aspects of those same techniques. Interestingly this procedure was initially illustrated by Sealy and Mikat in 1983, although it has not been used clinically until now. The recognized intent of this dissection is to totally separate atrial and ventricular structures within the posterior septal space so that all accessory pathways encountered are permanently interrupted.     

Myocardial infarction after cryoablation surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A 48-year-old woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent surgical division of the accessory pathway in the left lateral wall. At 6 months after the procedure, she developed dyspnea and chest oppression. Coronary angiography revealed total occlusion in the left circumflex coronary artery (segment 13) at the exact site where cryoablation had been performed. The coronary occlusion was treated with an intracoronary bolus injection of urokinase (960,000 U) and subsequent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. No significant residual stenosis remained after the balloon angioplasty, and no further evidence of myocardial ischemia was noted for 13 years to date after the procedure.     

Occurrence of intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during intravenous sedation

Patients with intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, defined as intermittent loss of the delta waves, can show occasional conduction through the accessory pathway. WPW syndrome often causes paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation. However, it may be difficult to identify the abnormalities preoperatively because of their only intermittent occurrence. We report a case in which exogenously administered epinephrine and an autonomic imbalance may have precipitated the abrupt occurrence and disappearance of the delta waves.     

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目的 总结91例成人型胆管囊肿的诊治经验。方法 对1980-2000年间收治的91例成人型胆管囊肿病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 临床表现症状多不典型，常导致误诊，46例（50.5%)合并胆胰系统其它疾病，18例合并癌变，癌变率为19.7%，91例病人中87例行B型超声检查，48例行ERCP检查。20例行PTC检查，54例行腹部CT检查，6例行MRCP（核磁共振胰胆管显影），均确诊，合并胰胆管合流异常39例，既往诊断及分型以B超和术中所见决定，手术以内引流术为主，近年诊断以ERCP，CT、MRCP为主，同时行B超检查，术式以囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为主，术后并发症以胆管炎多见，均保守治疗痊愈，全组无手术死亡。结论 成人型胆管囊肿易误诊，癌变率高，ERCP、CT及MRCP对明确本病的分型，指导手术有帮助，目前对既往行内引流术后的病人应加强随访，推荐对Ⅰ、Ⅳ型成人型胆管囊肿采用囊肿全切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术，对反应感染的复杂的中央型Ⅴ型Caroli病可考虑行肝移植术。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科治疗经验、手术时机、方式,以提高手术效果。方法回顾性分析近8年来外科手术治疗的29例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料和随访结果。Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科手术治疗的主要原则为切除内膜撕裂、易破裂的部分主动脉,修复剥离内膜,再用人工血管移植成形或置换,再建主动脉管道,同期处理合并的心瓣膜、心肌缺血病变。结果全组急诊手术13例,亚急诊(限期)手术16例。术后早期死亡2例(6.9%),其中1例术后死于严重心律失常,1例死于多器官功能衰竭。术后二次开胸止血6例,发生肺部感染、呼吸衰竭3例,延迟苏醒4例,急性肾功能衰竭2例,上消化道出血1例,均经相应的处理治愈出院。随访24例(88.9%),随访时间23.6±10.1个月,1例行Bentall手术后16个月发生心内膜炎伴脑出血死亡,1例全弓置换 升主动脉置换术后26个月猝死,其余患者生活质量良好。结论尽早手术是降低急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层病死率的关键,根据夹层破口的位置、累及范围、主动脉瓣及根部增宽情况来选择相应的术式,以简化的手术、良好的疗效为原则。