Stress Is Associated with Unfavorable Patterns of Dietary Intake Among Female Chinese Immigrants

Background  

Chinese immigrants experience increased risk for weight gain and chronic disease after US migration. Whether psychosocial stress affects their eating behavior is unknown.     

Influence of parent’s eating attitudes on eating disorders in school adolescents

Objective  

To investigate the relationship between parents’ cognitive and behavioural dimensions and the risk of eating disorders (ED) in non-clinical adolescents.     

A Multi-factorial Model for Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Acute Asthma Visits by Children

Background  

Causes of children’s asthma health disparities are complex. Parents’ asthma illness representations may play a role.     

Risk Perceptions Among Participants Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening: Baseline Results from the National Lung Screening Trial

Background  

Lung cancer screening could present a “teachable moment” for promoting smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Understanding the risk perceptions of older individuals who undergo screening will guide these efforts.     

Efficacy of the Survivor Health and Resilience Education (SHARE) Program to Improve Bone Health Behaviors Among Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Purpose  

The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of the Survivor Health and Resilience Education Program intervention—a manualized, behavioral intervention focusing on bone health behaviors among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.     

Intentions to Quit Smoking: Causal Attribution,Perceived Illness Severity,and Event-Related Fear During an Acute Health Event

Background  

Experiencing a serious consequence related to one’s health behavior may motivate behavior change.     

Victimization,Smoking, and Chronic Physical Health Problems Among Sexual Minority Women

Background  

Sexual minority women (SMW) have been shown to be at increased risk for abuse, smoking, and chronic physical health problems compared with heterosexual women. In the general population, abuse and smoking are associated with physical health problems. However, there has been little research on their associations among SMW.     

Ondine’s Curse with Accompanying Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Secondary to Medullary Telangiectasia

Background  

Central hypoventilation syndrome (“Ondine’s Curse”) is an infrequent disorder that can lead to serious acute or chronic health consequences. This syndrome, especially in adults, is rare, and even less frequent in the absence of clear pathogenic lesions on MRI. In addition, we are not aware of any previously reported cases with associated cranial nerve neuralgias.     

Profiling disordered eating patterns and body mass index (BMI) in the English general population

Purpose

Little national evidence exists on disordered eating patterns in the UK. This study examined the prevalence and nature of disordered eating patterns in the National Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007.

Method

Responses to the screening tool for eating disorders (SCOFF) and body mass index (BMI) were analysed using latent class analysis (n = 7,001). Multinomial logistic regression explored the associations between latent classes and mental health comorbidities.

Results

The prevalence of possible eating disorders in England using the SCOFF was 6.3 %; this decreased to 1.6 % when accounting for the negative impact feelings about food had on the respondent’s life. Five latent classes were identified: classes 1 and 2 resembled known eating disorders (‘marginal anorexia’ relating to anorexia nervosa and ‘binge eaters’ relating to bulimia nervosa/binge eating disorder); class 3 consisted of people who were obese, but did not experience eating problems; class 4 was morbidly obese, with an elevated risk of anxiety disorders; class 5 was labelled as ‘normal eaters’, with a low probability of eating problems and a normal BMI.

Conclusions

Adults assigned to eating disorder type classes are at increased risk for mental health comorbidities and poorer social functioning. Information presented herein on clustering of disordered eating patterns may help clinicians identify those men and women risk for an eating disorder.     

Review: Digital experiences and their impact on the lives of adolescents with pre-existing anxiety,depression, eating and nonsuicidal self-injury conditions – a systematic review

Background

Published systematic reviews provide evidence linking positive and negative digital experiences to adolescent mental health. However, these reviews focus on the general public rather than the digital experiences of adolescents with different pre-existing mental health conditions and so may be limited in their clinical relevance. We review publications relating to anxiety, depression, eating disorders and nonsuicidal self-injury to identify common and condition-specific digital experiences and how these may be implicated in the origins and maintenance of these mental health conditions.

Methods

A systematic literature search using a combination of mental health, digital experience (including social media use), and age of the target population terms was conducted on four databases. Detailed findings from the included studies were summarised using a combination of thematic and narrative methods.

Results

Five qualitative and 21 quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion (n = 5021). Nine studies included adolescents with depression, one with eating problems, two with nonsuicidal self-injury and 14 with multiple emotional health conditions. The review identified six themes related to the target populations' digital experiences: (a) social connectivity and peer support; (b) escape and/or distraction; (c) social validation and social comparison; (d) accessing/creation of potentially harmful content; (e) cyberbullying; and (f) difficulties with self-regulation during engagement with digital media.

Conclusions

Digital practices of adolescents with pre-existing clinical vulnerabilities are complex and encompass a range of positive and negative experiences, which appear to have common elements across different clinical populations. The literature is currently too limited to identify disorder-specific practices, with too few direct or indirect comparisons between conditions.     

Review and Meta-analysis of Couple-Oriented Interventions for Chronic Illness

Background  

Evidence continues to build for the impact of the marital relationship on health as well as the negative impact of illness on the partner. Targeting both patient and partner may enhance the efficacy of psychosocial or behavioral interventions for chronic illness.     

Multiple Health Behavior Changes and Co-variation in a Telephone Counseling Trial

Background  

Delivering effective multiple health behavior interventions to large numbers of adults with chronic conditions via primary care settings is a public health priority.     

Education and Levels of Salivary Cortisol Over the Day in US Adults

Background  

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is hypothesized to be an important pathway linking socioeconomic position and chronic disease.     

Preexisting mental health disorders and risk of opioid use disorder in young people: A case-control study

Aim

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a leading cause of preventable mortality amongst young people worldwide. Early identification and intervention of modifiable risk factors may reduce future OUD risk. The aim of this study was to explore whether the onset of OUD is associated with preexisting mental health conditions such as anxiety and depressive disorders in young people.

Methods

A retrospective, population-based case-control study was conducted from 31 March 2018 until 01 January 2002. Provincial administrative health data were collected from Alberta, Canada. Cases: Individuals 18–25 years on 01 April 2018, with a previous record of OUD. Controls: Individuals without OUD were matched to cases, on age/sex/index date. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to control for additional covariates (e.g., alcohol-related disorders, psychotropic medications, opioid analgesics, and social/material deprivation).

Results

We identified N = 1848 cases and N = 7392 matched controls. After adjustment, OUD was associated with the following preexisting mental health conditions: Anxiety disorders, aOR = 2.53 (95% CI = 2.16–2.96); depressive disorders, aOR = 2.20 (95% CI = 1.80–2.70); alcohol-related disorders, aOR = 6.08 (95% CI, 4.86–7.61); anxiety and depressive disorders, aOR = 1.94 (95% CI = 1.56–2.40); anxiety and alcohol-related disorders, aOR = 5.22 (95% CI = 4.03–6.77); depressive and alcohol-related disorders, aOR = 6.47 (95% CI = 4.73–8.84); anxiety, depressive and alcohol-related disorders, aOR = 6.09 (95% CI = 4.41–8.42).

Discussion

Preexisting mental health conditions such as anxiety and depressive disorders are risk factors for future OUD in young people. Preexisting alcohol-related disorders showed the strongest association with future OUD and demonstrated an additive risk when concurrent with anxiety/depression. As not all plausible risk factors could be examined, more research is still needed.     

Early stress exposure: Concepts, findings, and implications, with particular emphasis on attachment disturbances

Background  

Early intervention and preventive interventions are attracting increasing attention in the child and adolescent mental health field because recent research findings offer new insights into risk mechanisms and because of the growing expectation that they may hold clues to reducing suffering and health cost burdens for society and the individual.     

Treatment prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia in Quebec using a population health services perspective: different algorithms,different estimates

Purpose  

Using a population health services perspective, this article defines and assesses an efficient criteria-based algorithm to identify treatment prevalent and incident cases of schizophrenia. We refer here “treatment” prevalence and incidence since its evaluation depends on a patient receiving a health care service with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.     

Depression among Arabs and Jews in Israel: a population-based study

Introduction  

Depression is the second most common chronic disorder seen by primary care physicians. Risk factors associated with depression include medical and psychosocial factors. While in Israel, the rate and risk factors for depression are considered similar to those in other Western countries, population-based data are limited. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression among Jews and Muslim Arabs, and to consider possible associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors.     

Television Viewing Time and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: The AusDiab Study

Background  

Television viewing time independent of physical activity is associated with a number of chronic diseases and related risk factors; however, its relationship with chronic kidney disease is unknown.     

Mental health symptoms associated with morbidity, not mortality, in an elderly community sample

Purpose  

Six previous reviews have found a relationship between depression and mortality. However, many past studies have failed to adequately control for the role of physical health. A proposed mechanism of the depression–mortality relationship suggests that physical health may mediate the relationship. The present study used new methods to examine relationships between mental health symptoms and mortality in an elderly community cohort while accounting for potential mediation of these relationships by physical health.     

Experiencing multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders is associated with greater symptom severity and worse quality of life in chronic constipation and defecation disorders

Background

Recent community-based studies have demonstrated that experiencing multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is associated with increased somatization, worse quality of life (QoL), and greater health care utilization. However, the presence of multiple overlapping FGIDs is unstudied specifically in chronic constipation and functional defecation disorders (FDD). We investigated the prevalence and impact of additional nonconstipation FGIDs on constipation severity, anorectal physiology, anxiety and depression, and QoL, in patients with chronic constipation and FDD.

Methods

One-hundred and forty-six consecutive patients with functional constipation or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C/IBS-M) presenting to a tertiary referral Neurogastroenterology Clinic were studied. In addition, 90/146 (62%) qualified for FDD due to abnormal defecatory physiology. Patients underwent comprehensive baseline assessment comprising anorectal physiology, Bristol Stool Chart, Rome questionnaire, Knowles-Eccersley-Scott-Symptom (KESS) constipation score, Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale, and modified 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for QoL. Additional FGIDs were diagnosed using Rome III criteria.

Key Results

Additional nonconstipation FGIDs occurred in 85% of patients, with a mean of 2.1 (SD 1.6) additional FGIDs. Patients with four or more additional FGIDs experienced greater constipation severity compared to those with no additional FGIDs (p = 0.004). Comorbid FGIDs were associated with worse SF-36 scores for physical functioning (p < 0.001), role-physical (p = 0.005), bodily pain (p < 0.001), vitality (p = 0.008), social functioning (p = 0.004), and mental health index (p = 0.031).

Conclusions and Inferences

Functional gastrointestinal disorders comorbidity is highly prevalent in chronic constipation and defecatory disorders, and this is associated with greater symptom severity and worse QoL. Multimodal treatments targeting comorbid FGIDs may lead to superior outcomes.