异体脱矿骨复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的评价异体脱矿骨(allograftdemineralizedbone,ALB)复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblastgrowthfactor,bFGF)诱导成骨的能力。方法以ALB作为bFGF可吸收性载体,制备成复合的bFGF/ALB复合骨。将32只新西兰大白兔随机分成A、B、C、D组,每组8只,制备左、右双侧桡骨中段15mm缺损模型,采用4种不同的处理方法:A组植入bFGF/ALB复合骨,B组植入ALB,C组植入bFGF,D组为空白对照。分别于术后2、4、6和8周摄X线片、组织切片和骨痂钙含量测定,了解各组骨缺损修复速度和愈合程度。结果X线片显示:2周时,A组和B组均表现为少量骨性阴影,而C组和D组表现为透亮阴影;4周和6周显示A组骨缺损处密度增高,部分新骨形成,B组和C组骨缺损处密度轻度增高,D组仅在两断端处有少量成骨阴影;8周A组在骨缺损处已桥接融合,B组从两断端形成新骨向中间靠拢、桥接,C组骨缺损处仍有间隙,其骨密度低于A组,D组骨缺损中央仍为软组织阴影。4周和8周骨痂钙含量测定显示A组骨痂钙含量相对值均高于B组、C组和D组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。组织学切片观察显示,在不同时间点骨缺损修复程度A组均明显高于B组和C组,D组骨缺损处被纤维组织及肌组织等填充。结论bFGF/ALB是一种较好的促进骨缺损修复的复合材料。     

Comparison of gastric aspirate volume after intubation in patients with and without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease

OBJECTIVES: To compare the postintubation gastric aspirate volume of patients with and without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Prospective randomized study of 331 physical status ASA I-II adults scheduled for surgery. Patients with GERD symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were assigned to group A (n=83); asymptomatic patients (n=248) were assigned to groups B (n=85), C (n=70), and D (n=93). Group A was subdivided: group A1 received outpatients treatment for GERD and group A2 did not. Groups A, B, and C received prophylaxis with omeprazole 40 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg, respectively. Group D received no prophylaxis. Groups A and B patients received 1 mg x kg(-1) of succinylcholine, and groups C and D received 0.2 mg x kg(-1) of cisatracurium. After intubation, gastric content was aspirated and measured. The results were compared with Pearson's chi2 and Student t tests, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The gastric aspirate volumes in each group were as follows: 36.6 (SD 5) mL in group A; 9.98 (4.9) mL in group B; 10.8 (5.5) mL in group C; 15.62 (6.3) mL in group D; 32.7 (5.1) mL in group A1; and 39.08 (3.6) mL in group A2. Volumes were significantly greater in group A than in groups B, C, and D (P<0.0001), and in subgroup A2 than in subgroup A1 (P<0.001). The percentages of patients from whom a volume greater than 25 mL was aspirated in each group were as follows: 98.9% of group A, 1.2% of group B, 2.8% of group C, and 8.6% of group D (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic heartburn and regurgitation have greater postintubation gastric aspirate volumes than do asymptomatic patients, attributable to the gastroesophageal motility dysfunction characteristic of GERD that can favor aspiration. GERD questions should be included in preanesthetic medical history taking, and symptomatic patients should be prescribed outpatient proton pump inhibitor therapy.     

Therapeutic angiogenesis in chronically ischemic porcine myocardium: comparative effects of bFGF and VEGF

BACKGROUND: Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been used in preclinical studies to induce new blood vessel growth in ischemic cardiac muscle with promising results. However, clinical trials have been much less convincing and further work is needed. This study expands on prior work by comparing the long-term proangiogenic effects of direct intramyocardial (IM) injection of bFGF, as well as IM and intravenous (IV) VEGF in a porcine model of chronic hibernating myocardium. METHODS: Mini-swine with proximal 90% left circumflex (LCx) coronary stenosis subtending chronically ischemic, viable (hibernating) myocardium by positron emission tomography (PET) and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) were randomized to IM bFGF (n = 5), IM VEGF(165) (n = 5), IV VEGF(165) (n = 5), IM vehicle (n = 5), or sham redo-thoracotomy (n = 4). The bFGF protein was administered in a total dose of 1.35 microg divided into 30 IM injections. IM VEGF(165) protein was administered in a total dose of 15 microg/kg divided into 30 injections; IV VEGF(165) was given at a dose of 50 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) for 200 minutes at three 72-hour intervals (30 microg/kg total dose). After 3 and 6 months the PET and DSE studies were repeated, and the animals were sacrificed for tissue vascular density and angiogenic protein analysis. RESULTS: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) by PET was significantly improved 3 months posttreatment in the IM bFGF and IM VEGF(165) groups, differences that were sustained at 6 months. There was no significant increase in MBF 3-months posttreatment in the IV VEGF(165) group; however, at 6 months MBF was significantly improved. No change in MBF was seen in the IM vehicle or sham groups. Regional wall motion at rest and peak stress in the LCx region demonstrated small but statistically significant improvements by 6 months in the IM bFGF and IV VEGF(165) groups only; no improvement was seen in the IM VEGF(165), IM vehicle, or sham groups. Quantitative vascular density was significantly increased in the LCx regions of all treatment groups (IM bFGF, IM VEGF(165), IV VEGF(165)) 6-months postoperatively. No significant increase in LCx region myocardial bFGF or VEGF protein levels was seen in the treated animals at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The IM bFGF, IM VEGF(165), and IV VEGF(165) all improve regional perfusion and vascular density 6-months posttherapy in the animal model utilized. Functional improvements were less consistent. Both bFGF and VEGF(165) may be useful therapies for improving regional perfusion in chronically ischemic myocardium, although combination therapy with additional growth factors or cellular therapies may be necessary if concomitant improvements in function are to be seen.     

Doxazosin for the management of distal-ureteral stones

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of doxazosin in inducing spontaneous passage of stones in the distal ureter and to compare its efficacy according to the size of the stone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients with a mean age of 46.38 +/- 10.17 years who presented with a distal-ureteral stone were divided into four groups according to stone size and drug treatment: <5 mm without doxazosin (group A; n=15); 5-10 mm (group B; n=16); <5 mm with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 4 weeks (group C; n=20); and 5-10 mm with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 4 weeks (group D; n=22). Groups A and B served as controls for groups C and D, respectively. RESULTS: Spontaneous stone passage was documented in 9 patients (60%) in group A v 17 (85%) in group C (P=0.047) and 7 (43.75%) in group B v 16 (72.73%) in group D (P=0.036). The average expulsion time was 8.78 +/- 1.09 days in group A v 7.59 +/- 0.80 days in group C (P=0.004) and 12.14 +/- 1.35 days in group B v 7.06 +/- 1.29 days in group D (P<0.0001). The number of pain episodes in group D patients was significantly lower than in group B (P +/- 0.0078). CONCLUSIONS: Doxazosin treatment proved to be safe and effective for distal-ureteral stones, as determined by earlier expulsion, decreased colic frequency, and absence of side effects. The efficacy of doxazosin was significantly higher for 5-to 10-mm stones than for smaller ones.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对组织工程化外周神经的影响

目的　研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)和肝素与乳兔许旺细胞、去细胞基膜管、构成的复合型组织工程化外周神经桥接体修复兔正中神经缺损的效果。　方法　新西兰兔 48只 ,建立左侧上臂正中神经 3 0mm缺损模型 ,随机分为 4组 ,分别用去细胞基膜管种植许旺细胞并复合bFGF及肝素 (Hep)的桥接体 (A组 )、去细胞基膜管种植许旺细胞的桥接体 (B组 )、去细胞基膜管复合bFGF及Hep桥接体 (C组 )、自体神经 (D组 )修复神经缺损 ,于术后 1、3个月分别进行大体观察 ,Masson三色染色光镜观察神经再生、神经内胶原纤维形成及血管形成 ,3个月检测各组桥接体运动神经传导速度 ,并行透射电镜检查 ,称量指浅屈肌肌肉湿重 ,观察神经功能恢复。　结果　去细胞基膜管种植许旺细胞并复合bFGF及Hep的桥接体组 (A组 )神经再生及功能指标 (再生有髓神经纤维密度、平均髓鞘厚度、有髓纤维直径、运动神经传导速度、肌肉湿重恢复率 )与自体神经移植 (D组 )比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　bFGF及肝素与许旺细胞、去细胞神经基膜管构成的复合型组织工程神经桥接体修复神经缺损能提高神经再生质量。     

The effect of N-acetylcysteine on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomized 40 rats into five groups. Group A: Sham (n = 8); group B: OJ (n = 8); group C: OJ + lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 8); group D: OJ + NAC + LPS (n = 8); group E: OJ + LPS + NAC (n = 8). OJ was performed by common bile duct ligation and division in all groups except the sham group. At the fifth day, the rats were jaundiced. At the fifth day of OJ, LPS was injected 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats and at the tenth day, the rats were sacrificed in group C. In group D; at the fifth day of OJ, NAC was started 100 mg/kg subcutaneously and the same dose NAC injection repeated every day for 5 days. At the tenth day of OJ, LPS was injected 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats and then after 6 h they were sacrificed. In group E; 10 mg/kg LPS was administered intraperitoneally at fifth day of OJ and after then NAC was started 100 mg/kg subcutaneously and the same dose NAC injection repeated every day for 5 days and at the tenth day, the rats were sacrificed. Tissue samples were harvested through a midline incision, and lungs were resected and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for tissue damage scoring. The blood was taken by cardiac puncture and malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and levels of total antioxidant status were detected with biochemical methods to evaluate lung tissue damage. RESULTS: Increase in lung and serum MDA and MPO levels, as well as decrease in total antioxidant status, were observed in groups B and C when compared with the sham group (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Furthermore, the lung tissue damage was observed in the same groups by histopathological examination when compared with sham group. There was significant decrease at serum and lung MPO and MDA levels after the NAC application in groups D and E, when compared with group C (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Antioxidant status in groups D and E were increased in the presence of NAC (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Lung histology was prevented relatively in group D when compared with groups B and C. CONCLUSION: Results of the study indicate that NAC has protective effect on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage before and after LPS administration.     

羊膜移植联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液治疗兔角膜碱烧伤

目的 观察羊膜移植与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)滴眼液联合应用对兔角膜碱烧伤的治疗效果。方法 将60只新西兰白兔随机分为4组,分别为羊膜移植联合bFGF滴眼液点眼组(A组),羊膜移植组(B组),bFGF滴眼液点眼组(C组)及对照组(D组)。用1 mol/L NaOH烧伤兔右眼,术后2 ～28 d用裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜透明度,新生血管生长,角膜上皮修复及羊膜植片的变化。结果 所有烧伤角膜都能完全愈合,但在抑制炎症反应、抗新生血管的生长及角膜上皮修复等方面,羊膜移植联合bFGF滴眼液点眼组明显优于对照组,也好于其他两实验组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 羊膜移植联合bFGF滴眼液点眼对治疗角膜碱烧伤有良好效果。     

内皮祖细胞移植治疗慢性深静脉血栓形成的实验研究

目的 研究内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)移植对慢性深静脉血栓的治疗作用. 方法 Ficoll法分离大鼠骨髓单个核细胞(bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells,BMMNCs),采用内皮祖细胞培养基(EGM-2MV)诱导分化为骨髓源性EPCs.建立大鼠慢性深静脉血栓模型,饲养至10 d,并分三组:A组(25只):单纯EPCs组,移植1 ml含有10~6 个EPCs细胞悬液;B组(25只):EGM-2MV培养基对照组,移植1 ml EGM-2MV培养基;C组(25只):空白对照组.移植后第14天取出血栓段下腔静脉及血栓,应用HE染色及vWF免疫组化染色观察血栓机化再通情况,高倍镜下计数血栓内毛细血管数目;Western blot检测血管内皮生长凶子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的蛋白表达变化;实验数据采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析.结果 体外成功培养了骨髓源性EPCs和构建了大鼠慢性深静脉血栓模型,EPCs移植后A组VEGF、bFGF的表达有明显的上调(P＜0.05).B组和C组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).移植后A组血栓再通毛细血管数目明显高于B、C组.免疫组化染色vWF确定再通管道为新牛血管,管道为内皮细胞组成.结论 EPCs为内皮细胞的前体细胞,移植到深静脉血栓中能够促进血管新生,加快血栓的机化和再通.     

多孔双相陶瓷复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子缓释微球的生物相容性

目的 观察复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)缓释微球的多孔双相陶瓷(BCP)组织相容性.方法 A组(rhBMP-2+bFGF缓释微球/BCP)、B组(单纯BCP)、C组(bFGF缓释微球/BCP)、D组(rhBMP-2缓释微球/BCP)和E组(不含BCP).其中bFGF、dlBMP的浓度各为5、15μg,材料均为5 mm×5 mm×1mm.采用体外细胞培养的方法测定细胞黏附能力、浸提液对于兔骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)增殖和成骨分化的影响及体外诱导BMSCs成骨分化的能力.结果 细胞在材料上黏附、生长良好.各组噻唑蓝(MTT)吸光度值、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)值均随培养时间的延长而增大.A组与B、D和E组比较对MSC有显著的促增殖作用,但低于C组(P<0.05).A组ALP活性显著高于B、C和E组,但低于D组(P<0.05).结论 复合rhBMP-2和bFGF缓释微球的BCP具有良好的生物相容性.     

Enhanced angiogenesis and growth of collaterals by in vivo administration of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor in a rabbit model of acute lower limb ischemia: dose-response effect of basic fibroblast growth factor.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on angiogenesis in severely ischemic tissue beds. We used a two-stage procedure to produce severe ischemia of the hindlimb of 34 New Zealand rabbits. The ischemic hindlimb received intramuscular injection of saline (group A), 1 microgram bFGF (group B), or 3 micrograms bFGF (group C), daily for 2 weeks. Tissue perfusion, skeletal muscle infarction, angiogenesis, and collateral growth were assessed by angiography, transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2), quantitative spectrophotometric assay of triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction in muscle, capillary density (capillaries per square millimeter), and capillary per muscle fiber ratio. There were no significant differences in baseline TcPO2 among the three groups for both thigh and calf measurements. Angiography revealed extensive perfusion of the left hindlimb in all the assessed bFGF treated animals. Both thigh and calf TcPO2 values showed a significant increase in all groups over the 14 days ischemia was induced (p less than 0.0001), but the two treatment groups exhibited a much more rapid rise in TcPO2 than the control group (p less than 0.0001). The capillaries per square millimeter and capillaries per muscle fiber ratios were significantly increased in all posttreatment measurements for all animals that received bFGF. The treatment groups with bFGF had a significant (p = 0.025) increase in thigh muscle viability compared with controls based on triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction. Whereas there was evidence of muscle infarction in both the thighs of groups A and B, there was none in group C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

大网膜防止聚丙烯网片与腹腔脏器粘连的实验研究

目的:探讨大网膜防止聚丙烯网片与腹腔脏器粘连的作用及其丧失保护作用的原因。方法:1.动物实验:将雄性Wistar大鼠分为5组:(A)大网膜复盖组(n=15);(B)无大网膜复盖组(n=15);(C)大网膜切除组(n=15);(D)大网复盖 伤口葡萄球菌种植组(n=15);(E)大网膜切除组 伤口葡萄球菌种植组(n=15)。结果:D、E组动物术后死亡率明显高于A、B、C组(P<0.05)。术后1个月,D和E组粘连评分明显高于A、B、C组(P<0.05),术后2个月和3个月各组间粘连评分无显著性差别(P>0.05),但A和B组均为网膜与网片粘连,而D和E组则主要为肠管或肝脏参与粘连,C组为部分肠管或肝脏与网片粘连。结论:在无感染情况下大网膜具有防止腹腔脏器与网片粘连的作用,而感染后大网膜则失去保护作用,同样发生网片与腹腔脏器间的严重粘连。     

Elucidation of one-lobe intrapulmonary metastasis route of primary lung cancer by means of long-term results

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the cause of one-lobe intrapulmonary metastasis of primary lung cancer is mainly lymphatic, and investigated by means of the long-term outcome. METHODS: From 1988 to 2000, 860 patients underwent complete resection of primary lung cancer patients in our hospital without neoadjuvant therapy. Patients were classified into 4 groups: group A (n 0 pm 0, n = 573), group B (n 0 pm 1, n = 37), group C (n 1 pm 0-1, n = 122), and group D (n 2 pm 0-1, n = 128). RESULTS: No significant difference was seen between groups in median age, sex ratio, histological cell type, or pathological tumor-size and p-factor. The rates of bi-lobectomy and pneumonectomy were higher in groups C and D than in groups A and B. The 5-year survival rate was 73% for group A, 57% for group B, 43% for group C, and 28% for group D. The 10-year survival rate was 57% for group A, 45% for group B, 20% for group C, and 16% for group D. There was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) between 4 groups in the 5- and 10-year survival rate. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that the cause of one-lobe intrapulmonary metastasis may be lymphatic was not incompatible with the long-term results.     

Sustained-release form of basic fibroblast growth factor prevents catheter-related bacterial invasion in mice

Catheter-related infection is a frequent and serious complication. One factor responsible for catheter-related infection is bacterial invasion at the catheter-insertion site. We have shown that the sustained-release form of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances tissue regeneration and angiogenesis in various pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether topical use of sustained-release form of bFGF promotes tissue regeneration around the wound and prevents catheter-related bacterial invasion. Fifty-four male mice (C57BL/6) were divided into three groups according to what was implanted subcutaneously on the back (each group, n=18): a Dacron sheet alone (group A), a Dacron sheet and a plain gelatin sheet (group B), and a Dacron sheet and sustained-release of bFGF (50 microg) (group C). Seven days after the implantation, the tissue immediately above the Dacron sheet was inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In histological examinations, group C had a larger granulation tissue area containing a larger amount of collagen tissue and vessels than the other groups. Two days after the MRSA inoculation, the number of MRSA in the Dacron sheet of group C was significantly smaller than the other groups (P<0.01). Pretreatment with sustained-release form of bFGF may prevent catheter-related bacterial invasion.     

Continuous monitoring of oxygen tension with a transcutaneous sensor during hypotensive anesthesia

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TCPO2) is a useful noninvasive technique for monitoring arterial oxygen tension under stable circulatory conditions. This study was undertaken to determine if TCPO2 is also reliable during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension under general anesthesia. Arterial blood gases and TCPO2 were measured prior to inducing hypotension (baseline), at 20-min intervals during hypotension, and when systemic arterial pressure had returned to within 10% of the control (pre-hypotension) value. With induced hypotension, PaO2 and TCPO2 decreased significantly (P less than 0.05), and were well correlated by linear regression (r greater than 0.85); however, regressions were strongly dependent on the individual patient. The mean regression line for all patients as a group was given by TCPO2 = 0.69 PaO2 + 20.7 mmHg (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01); significantly different regressions were obtained for each patient (P less than 0.0001). Comparing changes in TCPO2 versus those in PaO2 (relative change from baseline values) did not substantially reduce the variability among patients. It is concluded that TCPO2 reliably reflects changes in arterial oxygen tension during controlled hypotension under general anesthesia, but that a separate calibration of TCPO2 vs. PaO2, obtained prior to inducing hypotension, may be required for each individual patient.     

兔卵巢组织移植模型的建立

目的 构建母兔自体及异体卵巢组织移植模型,探索非血管吻合卵巢组织移植的可行性.方法 以母兔为实验动物.A组为阳性对照,不做任何处理;B组为阴性对照,切除母兔的双侧卵巢;C组为自体移植组,分离卵巢组织,切成1 mm3左右大小的米粒块,种植于自体颈部或腹部皮下;D组为异体移植组,异体母兔的卵巢组织处理和种植方法与C组相同.术后观察阴道涂片变化,移植后18、25、35、45以及55 d时分别检测血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,60 d时处死母兔,子宫称重,对移植物及子宫内膜进行组织学检查.结果 (1)C组与D组中分别有5与3只母兔阴道呈红色或者粉红色、湿润、肿胀,进入发情期;(2)A组、C组和D组术后25 d时血清E2及P水平均高于B组,以后逐渐下降,35 d时达到最低水平,随后又呈上升趋势,至55 d时已明显高于B组(P＜0.05),而B组始终维持在较低水平,未出现升高趋势;(3)A组、C组和D组卵巢皮质内可见不同发育阶段的卵泡;(4)A组、C组和D组母兔子宫内膜表层细胞呈锯齿状,宫腔间隙较宽,被复黏膜层子宫腺发育,固有膜宽大,肌壁厚,而B组母兔宫腔呈裂隙状,黏膜层平坦,缺乏子宫腺,固有膜变窄,肌壁变薄.结论 非血管吻合卵巢组织移植是建立母兔自体及异体卵巢组织移植模型的有效方法,移植物可存活,并进一步释放内源性激素,对靶器官产生作用.     

HA复合rhBMP-2转染的BMSCs对羊胫骨延长骨愈合的影响

目的 评价HA复合rhBMP-2的腺病毒(adenovirus mediated rhBMP-2,Adv-rhBMP-2)转染的羊BMSCs对骨痂延长骨愈合的影响. 方法 成年山羊19只,雌雄不限,体重15～20 kg.于每只羊髂嵴上穿刺抽取骨髓10 mL,常规传代培养BMSCs.取第3代BMSCs,以感染复数200转染腺病毒.取0.25%胰蛋白酶消化转染后3 d的细胞1×108个,与HA充分混匀制备Adv-rhBMP-2/BMSCs/HA.建立山羊右侧胫骨延长模型,术后立即于截骨部位注射自体细胞复合物.按术后注入物质不同随机分成4组A组为Adv-rhBMP-2/BMSCs/HA组(n=6),B组为Adv-rhBMP-2/BMSCs组(n=5),C组为Adv-β-gal/BMSCs/HA组(n=4),D组为空白组(n=4).术后第7天开始行胫骨延长,速度1 mm/d,共延长4周.术后5、8、12周摄X线片观察骨痂生长情况,12周处死动物,取标本分别行骨密度检测、生物力学测定、组织学观察和骨形态计量学分析. 结果 X线片检查示,术后5、8周A、B组骨痂生成量明显多于C、D组,X线片定量评分A、B组明显高于C、D组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);12周各组均在骨延长部位形成连续骨痂.骨密度测定术后12周A、B、C、D组延长部位骨矿物质含量分别为(4.175 ±1.921)、(2.600 ±0.638)、(2.425±0.826)和(1.175 ±0.574)g,骨矿物质密度分别为(0.612 ±0.196)、(0.630 ±0.159)、(0.450 ±0.166)和(0.266 ±0.113)g/cm2,A、B组显著高于C、D组(P＜0.05).生物力学测定A、B、C、D组最大载荷分别为(490.20 ±155.08)、(350.59±80.48)、(221.95±68.79)和(150.65±92.29)N,弹性模量为(178.24±105.80)、(105.88 ±27.09)、(81.18±48.67)和(50.35±47.64)Mpa,各指标A组显著高于C、D组(P＜0.05).组织学观察见A组骨延长处大量新生骨组织,骨小梁多为纵行网状排列.骨形态计量分析示A、B、C、D组新骨体积分别为72.35%±5.68%、67.58%±7.42%、49.63%±4.87%和38.87%±2.35%,A组新生骨生成量明显比D组多(P＜0.05). 结论 HA复合rhBMP-2修饰的BMSCs制备的组织工程骨可促进羊胫骨延长骨愈合.     

Comparison of fentanyl with clonidine as adjuvants for epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine in the first stage of labor: a preliminary report

48 primiparae received epidural analgesia in labor with 10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:800 000, and then were divided in 4 equal groups (n = 12) to receive one of the following: 5 ml saline (B); 100 mug of fentanyl (BF); 150 microg of clonidine (BC); 75 microg of clonidine and 50 microg of fentanyl (BCF). All the patients had satisfactory analgesia. Onset was similar in the 4 groups but the duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged by the addition of either 100 microg of fentanyl or 150 microg of clonidine (respectively 89.8 min and 92.5 min vs 62.5 min) (P < 0.0001). The addition of both clonidine (75 microg) and fentanyl (50 microg) produced a considerably prolonged analgesia (177.5 min) (P < 0.0001). No episodes of bradycardia were observed. Hypotension, reversed by i.v. ephedrine, occurred in 2 patients of BCF group and in 1 patient of BF and BC groups. Only patients receiving fentanyl had pruritus. Both fentanyl and clonidine produced sedation, but both incidence and severity were greater with the mixture. No differences in neonatal outcome assessed by Apgar scores and NACS, were observed.     

咪达唑仑对东莨菪碱致大鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的 观察咪达唑仑对东莨菪碱致大鼠认知功能障碍的影响。方法 健康成年雄性sD大鼠74只，体重150—170g，随机分为4组：对照组（Con组，n=18）、咪达唑仑组（Mid组，n=18）、东莨菪碱组（Sco组，n=19）、咪达唑仑＋东莨菪碱组（Mid＋SCO组，n=19）。Mid组、Mid＋sco组大鼠每天腹腔注射咪达唑仑50mg／kg，连续3d，记录两组翻正反射消失时间及翻正反射恢复时间。每组的一半大鼠在末次注射咪达唑仑后1d开始进行Morris水迷宫测试，另外的一半大鼠在末次注射咪达唑仑后7d开始进行Morris水迷宫测试，连续3d，Mid＋SCO组、Sco组大鼠在每天水迷宫测试前20min腹腔注射东莨菪碱0．8mg／kg。结果 Mid＋sco组和Mid组每天注射咪达唑仑后翻正反射消失时间及翻正反射恢复时间差异无统计学意义；与Con组及Mid组比较，Sco组大鼠出现了认知功能障碍；与Sco组比较，Mid＋sco组末次注射咪达唑仑后2、3d认知功能障碍加重，而末次注射咪达唑仑后7～9d认知功能测试结果差异无统计学意义。结论 腹腔注射咪达唑仑50mg／kg（连续3d）可短暂加重东莨菪碱致大鼠认知功能障碍。     

Efficacy of gentamycin-impregnated resorbable hydroxyapatite cement in treating osteomyelitis in a rat model

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a self-setting hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) as a carrier of gentamycin for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in a rat model by using a void-fill placement technique. DESIGN: Osteomyelitis of the tibia was created with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 49230) in sixty retired female breeder Sprague-Dawley rats by using the model by Korkusuz et al. (J Bone Joint Surg 1993;75B:111-114). At seven weeks after infection, all animals demonstrated clinical and radiographic signs of osteomyelitis and were debrided and divided into four treatment groups: A, debridement only; B, debridement and daily intraperitoneal gentamycin (0.2 milligram per kilogram per day); C, debridement and gentamycin-impregnated HAC in a void-fill model (1.0 milligram per kilogram of gentamycin); and D, debridement and gentamycin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads (1.0 milligram per kilogram of gentamycin). Tibiae were harvested at zero weeks (control, n = 6), three weeks (n = 3 per group), five weeks (n = 4 per group), and seven weeks (n = 4 per group) and analyzed with quantitative bacteriologic analysis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Qualitative bacteriologic analysis was performed by using serial dilution plating of homogenized tissue samples on standard soy trypticase agar plates. Reexamination by phage typing was performed to exclude contamination. RESULTS: The quantitative counts for Groups C (HAC) and D (PMMA) were significantly less (p < 0.003) than those for Group A (debridement alone) or Group B (intraperitoneal gentamycin) at all time points after time zero. There was no difference between Groups C and D at any time point. CONCLUSION: HAC is an effective adjuvant in treating chronic osteomyelitis in a rat model when using a void-fill placement technique.     

MR扩散张量成像表观扩散系数和各向异性分数对不同病程颈脊髓压迫症的诊断价值

目的 :探讨MR扩散张量成像(MR-diffusion tensor imaging,MR-DTI)表观扩散系数(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA)对不同病程颈脊髓压迫症的诊断价值。方法:2010年1月~2011年6月经MRI常规检查诊断为颈脊髓压迫症的患者50例,其中急性颈脊髓压迫患者15例(A组),均为外伤患者,在伤后72h内接受MRI检查;慢性颈脊髓压迫23例(B组),均为脊髓型颈椎病患者,病程超过6个月;慢性合并急性颈脊髓压迫12例(C组),均有超过6个月的脊髓型颈椎病病史,且本次MRI检查前72h内受到颈部外伤累及颈髓。15例健康志愿者为对照组(D组),MRI常规检查颈脊髓未见异常。4组均行MR-DTI检查,测量A、B、C组患者颈脊髓受压处及D组C5/6椎间盘平面脊髓的ADC和FA,并行组间比较。结果:A、B、C、D组的ADC分别为(0.712±0.241)×10-3mm2/s、(1.012±0.256)×10-3mm2/s、(0.812±0.125)×10-3mm2/s、(0.823±0.106)×10-3mm2/s,FA分别为0.401±0.098、0.472±0.095、0.496±0.172、0.541±0.158。A组ADC和FA与D组比较均明显降低(P<0.05);B组FA与D组比较明显降低、ADC明显增高(P<0.05);C组ADC与D组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),FA值低于D组(P<0.05)。A组ADC及FA均低于B、C组(P<0.05);B组ADC高于C组,FA低于C组,组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:MR-DTI的ADC及FA对不同病程颈脊髓压迫症有诊断价值。