阿昔洛韦片在人体中药动力学及其相对生物利用度研究

目的比较两种阿昔洛韦片生物利用度和药代动力学。方法测定10名受试者单剂量交叉口服600mg阿昔洛韦受试片和参比片后血药浓度,计算相应的药代动力学参数。结果受试者口服两种阿昔洛韦片计算的峰浓度Cmax、Tmax和AUC分别为Cmax1.24±0.49和1.17±0.20μg/ml,Tmax1.9±0.6h和2.1±1.1h,AUC7.56±1.80和7.56±2.10μg     

对乙酰氨基酚在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的应用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定大鼠血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度,研究单剂量口服不同剂量对乙酰氨基酚片在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法3组SD大鼠分别按体重单剂量口服对乙酰氨基酚片300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg、1 200 mg/kg后,采用RP-HPLC测定血浆中药物的浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算其药代动力学参数。结果3个剂量组的对乙酰氨基酚药-时曲线均符合口服吸收的一级动力学二室模型,主要药代动力学参数：Tmax分别为（0.78±0.17）h、（1.07±0.12）h、（1.19±0.12）h;Cmax分别为（158.99±26.08）μg/ml、（226.26±20.38）μg/ml、（402.95±86.46）μg/ml;T1/2kα分别为（0.24±0.09）h、（0.39±0.11）h、（0.43±0.14）h;T1/2ke分别为（3.78±0.33）h、（3.66±0.32）h、（4.33±0.47）h;AUC0→24分别为（718.71±143.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 578.53±246.76）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 734.67±665.58）μg·h^-1·ml^-1AUC0→∞分别为（757.16±155.29）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（1 594.61±247.11）μg·h^-1·ml^-1（3 847.99±692.03）μg·h^-1·ml^-1结论所建立RP-HPLC法能够准确地测定对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度,能满足药代动力学的研究需求;低剂量组和中剂量组的药代动力学过程基本相似,但高剂量组则与上述两组则有所不同,这可能与其剂量过高有关。     

家犬口服盐酸利福喷丁胶囊的药物动力学研究

目的研究健康家犬口服盐酸利福喷丁胶囊的药物动力学。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定家犬交叉口服盐酸利福喷丁胶囊和参比制剂利福喷丁胶囊后的血药浓度,应用3P97程序计算主要药代动力学参数,估算其相对生物利用度,并进行等效性检验。结果盐酸利福喷丁胶囊的T1/2、Cmax、Tmax、AUC0~60分别为(13·72±4·21)h、(22·09±7·13)mg/L、(5·17±0·41)h、(307·37±114·48)mg/(L·h),利福喷丁胶囊的上述参数分别为(14·62±3·47)h、(21·01±7·43)mg/L、(5·67±0·52)h、(291·13±104·06)mg/(L·h)。其血药浓度时间曲线均符合一级吸收的一房室模型,且两制剂药代动力学参数接近。两制剂间的lnAUC0~60,lnAUC0~∞及lnCmax经方差分析和双单侧t检验发现,两制剂之间具有生物等效性。Tmax经Wilcoxon检验发现,两制剂间也具有等效性。盐酸利福喷丁胶囊的相对生物利用度为94·7%。结论盐酸利福喷丁胶囊和参比制剂利福喷丁胶囊生物等效。     

福多司坦片在健康志愿者中的药代动力学研究

目的:研究福多司坦的人体药代动力学。方法:36名健康受试者随机分为600,400,200 mg 3个剂量组,每组12人,口服福多司坦片600,400,200 mg后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆中福多司坦浓度。结果:单次口服福多司坦高、中、低剂量组的cmax分别为(22.44±7.61),(12.91±2.93),(6.53±1.61)μg/mL;tmax分别为(0.52±0.37),(0.44±0.15),(0.40±0.21)h。中剂量组多次口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(13.64±4.39)μg/mL(、0.55±0.50)h,平均稳态血药浓度为(3.67±0.95)μg/mL。低剂量组饮食后口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(3.37±0.68)μg/mL、(1.40±0.78)h。结论:健康受试者单次口服高、中、低3个剂量的福多司坦后,药代动力学参数tmax、Kt、1/2、MRT相近,cmax、AUC0-τ与剂量呈依赖性。对3个剂量的AUC0-τ进行方差分析,结果表明消除体重因素后,男性和女性健康受试者的AUC0-τ之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),多次给药后福多司坦的人体药动学参数与单次给药的药代动力学参数基本一致,饮食组与空腹组的cmax及tmax差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。     

三种剂量舒芬太尼对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者血液动力学及血浆儿茶酚胺的影响

目的:比较三种不同剂量舒芬太尼对冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)患者血液动力学、血浆儿茶酚胺浓度和术后恢复情况的影响。方法:将18例CABG患者随机分为3组,麻醉中分别应用舒芬太尼总量0.8μg/kg,2.0μg/kg和3.2μg/kg,记录不同时点的血液动力学指标并测定血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素浓度。结果:S组术后拔气管导管时间为(12±3)h,明显早于H组(16±4)h,M组(18±4)h(P<0.05),三组间的血液动力学指标C I,SVR和PVR比较差异无显著性,与基础值比较H,M组的NE浓度降低,而S组的NE浓度变化不大。结论:应用总量2.0μg/kg和3.2μg/kg舒芬太尼能够更好地抑制术中血浆NE浓度,而应用总量0.8μg/kg舒芬太尼可较早拔除气管导管。     

口服左旋氧氟沙星在呼吸道感染患者中的药动学研究

目的 :口服左旋氧氟沙星在下呼吸道感染患者中的药代动力学研究。　 方法 :8例肺部感染的住院患者 ,单剂量口服左旋氧氟沙星片 30 0 mg后分别测定不同时间血和尿中左旋氧氟沙星浓度。用高效液相色谱法荧光检测。药时数据用 3p87计算机程序拟合求算药动学参数。　 结果 :单剂量口服 30 0 mg左旋氧氟沙星片后的主要参数为 :Cmax 3.32± 0 .4 1μg/ ml,t1/ 2 5.58± 1.86h,Tmax 2 .17± 0 .69h,AUC0 -∞ 2 3.34± 3.0 9μg/ ( ml· h)。 2 4 h尿中累积排出量 2 4 9.8± 2 4 .2 1mg,占给药剂量的 83.3%。　 结论 :左旋氧氟沙星在呼吸道感染患者中的药代动力学参数与氧氟沙星基本一致     

大鼠多次口服双环醇和拉米夫定后对血浆药代动力学的相互影响

目的研究大鼠多次口服双环醇和拉米夫定后对两药血浆药代动力学的影响。方法SD大鼠分别口服双环醇（200mg/kg）和拉米夫定（15mg/kg）,每日1次,连续7天。末次给药后16h一次口服拉米夫定（15mg/kg）或双环醇（200mg/kg）。应用LC-MS和HPLC法测定血浆中双环醇和拉米夫定浓度,计算药代动力学参数。 结果正常组和双环醇（200mg/kg）给药组大鼠一次口服拉米夫定（15mg/kg）后血浆浓度均于给药后40min达峰,达峰浓度分别为2.68mg/L和2.99mg/L;AUC（0-t）分别为10.535mg/（L&#183;h）和10.176mg/（L&#183;h）。正常组和拉米夫定给药组大鼠一次口服双环醇（200mg/kg）后血药浓度分别于给药后4h和3h达峰,达峰浓度分别为10.215mg/L和8.984mg/L;AUC（0-t）分别为54.998μg/（L&#183;h）和42.342mg/（L&#183;h）。结论大鼠多次口服双环醇或拉米夫定后对两药血浆药代动力学参数无显著相互影响。     

吲哚美辛缓释片的研制及其生物利用度的研究

目的 制备吲哚美辛缓释片,并考察其含量、释放度。比较其与普通吲哚美辛胶囊的药代动力学参数和生物利用度。方法 采用紫外分光光度法作为释放度和含量测定的检测方法。以HPLC法测定10名健康受试者随机交叉口服75mg自制缓释片（本品）与吲哚美辛普通胶囊（对照品）后的血药浓度,计算相应的药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果 单剂量口服 75 mg本品与对照品的AUC分别为14.100±2.817μg/ml和14.254±2.349μm/ml;Cmax为 2.17±0.71μg/ml和3.95±0.78μm/ml;Tmax为4.1±0.7h和1.85±0.53h;MRT为7.27±0.75h和 5.20±0.74 h,本品的相对生物利用度为98.9％±10.9％。多剂量口服75mg本品（每日一次）与对照品（每日3次）的Cmin　ss分别为0.257±0.094μg/ml和0.302±0.104μg/ml;Cmaxss为1.945±0.340μg/ml和1.538±0.384μg/ml;FI为1.537±0.145和1.334±0.186。结论 每日口服一次本品与每日3次对照品生物等效。     

艾拉莫德(T-614)的临床前药代动力学研究

目的：研究 T-614 原料在动物体内的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄、蛋白结合及口服原料和片剂的相对生物利用度;研究 T-614 原料对5种人 P450 同工酶的体外抑制作用。方法：采用 HPLC 方法进行大鼠 ig T-614 原料 5、10和20 mg/kg 的药代动力学（吸收、分布、代谢、排泄、蛋白结合率）及 Beagle 犬po T-614 原料及片剂（5 mg/kg）的相对生物利用度研究;采用 LC/MS/MS 方法对大鼠 ig T-614 原料 50 mg/kg 后尿液中的主要代谢转化产物进行了分析;采用高通量 P450 酶抑制剂筛选试剂盒测定了 T-614 原料对人 P450 同工酶 CYP2D6、CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19 和 CYP3A4 的体外抑制活性。结果：大鼠 ig T-614 原料 5、10和20 mg/kg 后主要药动学参数t_1/2Ke 分别为（5.41 ± 1.28）、（4.31 ± 0.48）和（4.17 ± 1.04）h,t_1/2Ka 分别为（0.16 ± 0.06）、（0.30 ± 0.19）和（0.58± 0.37）h,t_max 分别为（0.81 ± 0.20）、（1.16 ± 0.60）和（1.78 ± 0.61）h,C_max 分别为（7.83 ± 1.85）、（15.46 ± 2.27）和（30.89 ± 6.54）μg/mL,AUC_0～t 分别为（72.08 ± 11.05）、（127.53 ± 17.68）和（296.24 ± 57.10）μg /mL · h;大鼠 ig T-614 原料 10 mg/kg 后在所有脏器组织中均能检测到原形物质,其中肝、肾、子宫的量最高,脑的量最低;大鼠 ig T-614 原料 10 mg/kg 72 h 后,粪中的排泄率达到 15.75 %,而尿与胆汁的排泄率分别为 0.836 %和 0.677 %;当质量浓度为 5、10和20 μg/mL 时,T-614 原料的蛋白结合率分别为（17.2 ± 5.1）%、（28.6± 7.1）%和（28.9 ± 10.2）%,平均蛋白结合率为（24.9 ± 9.2）%。Beagle 犬口服 T-614 原料和片剂 5 mg/kg,其主要药动学参数t_1/2Ke 分别为（11.10 ± 1.50）和（9.30 ± 3.29）h,t_1/2Ka 分别为（1.18 ± 0.22）和（1.53 ± 1.26）h,t_max 分别为（4.24 ± 0.48）和（4.23 ± 1.75）h,C_max 分别为（0.77 ± 0.13）和（1.01 ± 0.27）μg/mL,AUC_0～t 分别为（12.69 ± 2.77）和（16.81 ± 6.49）μg /mL·h;微粉化片剂相对于原料的相对生物利用度为 132.5 %。大鼠 ig 50 mg/kg T-614 后,尿液中检测到 T-614 的 5 种主要代谢物,包括 T-614 原结构的异构体、苯环羟基化、脱醛基后再羟基化、脱醛基后胺基乙酰化、脱醛基后的产物。体外CYP450酶活性抑制试验结果表明,T-614原料浓度为 20～0.009 1 μmol/L 时,对 CYP2D6、CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19 和 CYP3A4 活力抑制的 IC₅₀>20 μmol/L。结论：大鼠 ig T-614 原料 5、10 和 20 mg/kg 剂量的药代动力学特征符合一级吸收。在大鼠体内各组织中分布较广,蛋白结合率低于 30 %。粪、尿、胆汁中原形物质的总排泄量低于 20 %。Beagle 犬口服 T-614 片剂的相对生物利用度为 132.5 %。T-614 对人 P450 同工酶 CYP2D6、CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2C19 和 CYP3A4 活力无抑制作用。T-614 在肾脏中代谢转化的主要产物为原形物质的异构化、羟基化、脱醛基后再羟基化、脱醛基后胺基乙酰化、脱醛基等。     

大黄及牛黄解毒片大鼠给药后血浆中大黄活性成分的药代动力学比较研究

考察大黄及牛黄解毒片给药后大黄活性成分在大鼠体内药代动力学行为的差异。大鼠分别灌胃给予大黄生药材96 mg/kg(含总蒽醌1.83 mg/kg,相当于大黄酸0.28 mg/kg、大黄素0.30 mg/kg、大黄酚0.81 mg/kg、芦荟大黄素0.23 mg/kg及大黄素甲醚0.20 mg/kg)及牛黄解毒片250 mg/kg(含总蒽醌与大黄生药材等量,相当于大黄酸0.33 mg/kg、大黄素0.38 mg/kg、大黄酚0.71 mg/kg、芦荟大黄素0.24 mg/kg及大黄素甲醚0.17 mg/kg),血浆经甲醇沉淀后,采用LC-MS/MS法测定大黄活性成分血药浓度,WinNonlin 7.0软件计算药代动力学参数。大鼠灌胃大黄及牛黄解毒片后,大黄酸的c_max分别为(121±103)及(474±251)μg/L,AUC0-t分别为(275±176)及(406±194)μg·h/L;大黄酚异构体的c_max分别为(2 325±1 390)及(3 580±2 169)μg/L,AUC0-t分别为(8 170±2 661)及(8 856±4 023)μg·h/L;仅在牛黄解毒片给药大鼠血浆中检测出大黄素,且牛黄解毒片给药后大鼠血浆中大黄酸的c_max、AUC及t1/2,大黄酚异构体的Vd及CL与单味大黄相比显著增加,大黄酚异构体的t_max显著下降。实验结果表明,牛黄解毒片复方配伍增强了大黄活性成分在大鼠体内的吸收利用,改变了大黄活性成分的药代动力学行为。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.