脑卒中针刺康复的扩散张量成像分析

目的 应用扩散张量成像(DTI)技术观察针灸对脑卒中治疗的疗效.方法 选取健康志愿者30例,男17例,女13例,年龄19～62岁,平均55岁;急性脑卒中致偏瘫患者20例,随机分为针灸组与非针灸组各10例.2组患者西医治疗情况一致,针灸组于超急性期行石氏醒脑开窍法针灸治疗.实验者均为右利手,行常规T2WI、FLAIR及DTI扫描,连续追踪复查8周,每周1次,分析梗死病灶ADC值与FA值及双侧大脑脚ADC值变化.结果 (1)正常人基底节区ADC值为(763.59±36.07)×10-3mm2/s,FA值为0.509±0.037,大脑脚ADC值为(803.81±47.01)×10-3mm2/s.(2)急性期所有患者梗死灶ADC值低于正常,随病情发展呈逐渐上升趋势,第4周左右等于正常(即为假正常),慢性期高于正常值;所有患者梗死灶FA值随病情发展持续下降.(3)针灸组与非针灸组梗死灶ADC值、FA值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),针灸组FA值大于非针灸组.结论 ADC及FA值变化情况能较早反映脑梗死患者病情变化并提示存在华勒变性.针灸治疗能缓解神经元坏死、华勒变性并促进神经功能重组.     

DTI 在基底节、放射冠区急性期脑梗死预后评估中的应用

目的：评价磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA)在急性期脑梗死预后评估中的应用价值。方法41例基底节或放射冠区急性期脑梗死病例行常规 MRI 和 DTI 检查,测量病灶区 ADC 值、FA 值和对侧镜像区 ADC值、FA 值,计算相对 ADC 值(rADC)和相对 FA 值(rFA)。首次检查后第3周行 DTI 复查并重复测量、计算上述参数。所有病例分别于入院时和发病后1年进行肌力测试。根据患侧肌力恢复情况分为3组：A 组,完全恢复(肌力恢复到5级);B 组,部分恢复(肌力有恢复但<5级);C 组,无恢复(肌力无变化或降低)。结果(1)所有病例病灶区 ADC 值、FA 值均较对侧正常脑组织 ADC 值、FA 值降低。第3周复查,所有病例 ADC 值均升高;38例 FA 值降低,3例 FA 值轻微升高。(2)rFA 值变化组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两两比较,A 组和 C 组,B 组和 C 组间 rFA 值差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。A 组和 B 组间 rFA 值差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。ADC 值、FA 值和 rADC 变化组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论发生于基底节区或放射冠区的急性期脑梗死患者中,第3周 rFA 值变化幅度越小,患者肌力恢复水平越好。     

FA值在脑梗死及其继发Wallerian变性中的临床意义

目的 探讨FA值对脑梗死及其继发Wallerian变性的临床诊断价值.方法 收集脑梗死患者32例,所有患者均分别在发病后7天内、3～4周进行DTI检查,测量梗死区、健侧相应部位脑组织、双侧大脑脚的FA值,对比检查结果.结果 ①脑梗死灶、患侧大脑脚较对侧相应部位FA值明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②脑梗死灶、患侧大脑脚FA值均呈逐渐下降趋势,前后两次FA测量值差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;③健侧对照区脑组织、健侧大脑脚前后两次FA值变化均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 FA值在脑梗死及其继发Wallerian变性的病理进程中逐渐降低,在Wallerian变性的早期诊断及患者运动功能预后判断中有重要临床意义.     

磁共振FLAIR序列和DTI在脑弥漫性轴索损伤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振FLAIR序列和DTI在急性期脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)中的诊断价值及DAI病灶平均ADC值及FA值变化.方法 回顾性分析23例经临床确诊的DAI患者的影像学资料,所有患者及20例健康成人均在常规MRI扫描基础上行液体衰减翻转恢复(FLAIR)序列及弥散加权成像(DTI)扫描,比较两者DAI病灶的检出数目,分析信号特征,分区(大脑半球、胼胝体区、脑干区、小脑半球)测量DAI病灶的平均ADC值及FA值,并与正常对照组相应分区的平均ADC值及FA 值进行比较.结果 联合FLAIR序列和DTI共发现DAI病灶98个,其中DTI显示病灶而FLAIR为阴性的病灶数为11个,FLAIR显示出病灶而DTI为阴性的为5个,各区DAI病灶较之对照组,平均ADC值以降低为主,无变化及升高并存,而FA值降低.结论 对于急性期DAI病灶的显示,DTI比FLAIR序列敏感,FA值变化较平均ADC值敏感,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).     

DTI Study of Relationship between Infarction Damage as well as Hippocampal Secondary Degeneration and Cognitive Disorder in Chronic MCAO Patients

目的 应用扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)检测脑梗死慢性期患者脑梗死灶的改变和海马的继发性改变,并分析其与认知功能的关系.资料与方法 选取40例病程半年以上的单侧仅大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)患者及40名与其性别、年龄、文化程度相匹配的正常志愿者于1.5T磁共振扫描仪行全颅15个方向的DTI检查.采用手工法在脑梗死灶及对侧脑组织和双侧海马选取不同兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)进行测量得到各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值.结果 慢性期单侧MCAO患者脑梗死灶及脑梗死同侧海马较对侧相应部位FA值均降低,脑梗死灶FA值降低49.8％,脑梗死同侧海马FA值降低9.29％,ADC值均升高,脑梗死灶ADC值升高132.75％,脑梗死同侧海马ADC值升高4.9％.脑梗死灶ADC值改变率(rADC)较FA值改变率(rFA)明显,而海马rFA较rADC明显,并且脑梗死灶的rFA与认知功能存在相关性,相关系数为-0.41.结论 DTI技术可以用来定量评价慢性期脑梗死患者脑梗死灶及海马的改变,并且慢性期脑梗死患者脑梗死灶rFA与认知功能存在相关性.     

慢性期MCAO患者脑梗死灶扩散变化及海马继发改变与认知功能关系的DTI研究

目的应用扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)检测脑梗死慢性期患者脑梗死灶的改变和海马的继发性改变,并分析其与认知功能的关系。资料与方法选取40例病程半年以上的单侧仅大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)患者及40名与其性别、年龄、文化程度相匹配的正常志愿者于1.5T磁共振扫描仪行全颅15个方向的DTI检查。采用手工法在脑梗死灶及对侧脑组织和双侧海马选取不同兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)进行测量得到各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion co-efficient,ADC)值。结果慢性期单侧MCAO患者脑梗死灶及脑梗死同侧海马较对侧相应部位FA值均降低,脑梗死灶FA值降低49.8%,脑梗死同侧海马FA值降低9.29%,ADC值均升高,脑梗死灶ADC值升高132.75%,脑梗死同侧海马ADC值升高4.9%。脑梗死灶ADC值改变率(rADC)较FA值改变率(rFA)明显,而海马rFA较rADC明显,并且脑梗死灶的rFA与认知功能存在相关性,相关系数为-0.41。结论 DTI技术可以用来定量评价慢性期脑梗死患者脑梗死灶及海马的改变,并且慢性期脑梗死患者脑梗死灶rFA与认知功能存在相关性。     

DTI studv of relationshio between infarction damage as well as Wallerian degeneration of CST and motor function following chronic cerebral infarction

目的:应用DTI检测脑梗死慢性期患者脑梗死灶的改变及皮质脊髓束(CST)的Wallerian变性,并分析其与运动功能的关系.方法:搜集36例病程半年以上的单侧大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死(MCAO)患者及36例与其性别、年龄相匹配的健康志愿者于1.5T磁共振扫描仪上行全颅15个方向的DTI检查.采用手工法在双侧CST走行区及脑梗死灶取不同兴趣区(ROI)进行测量得到FA值及ADC值.结果:慢性期单侧MCAO患者脑梗死灶及其同侧CST不同ROI的FA值和ADC值与对侧相应部位差异均存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑梗死灶同侧CST不同ROI及与CST相关的脑梗死灶的FA值改变率(rFA)均与运动功能存在相关性.结论:慢性期脑梗死患者同侧CST及与CST相关的脑梗死灶rFA均与运动功能存在相关性.     

DTI和ASL在急性缺血性脑卒中诊断和治疗过程中的应用价值

目的探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)和动脉自旋标记(ASL)在急性缺血性脑卒中诊治中的应用价值。方法选取2015年5月~2016年7月在我院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者64例,其中超急性期脑梗死患者13例,急性期患者39例和亚急性期患者12例,所有患者行DTI和ASL检查。结果梗死区各向异性分数(FA)、表观扩散系数(ADC)和相对脑血流量(rCBF)分别为(0.205±0.081)、(0.911±0.321)和(0.224±0.083),明显小于对照区(P0.05);超急性期、急性期和亚急性期患者FA、ADC和rCBF比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);梗死区FA、ADC和rCBF无相关性(P0.05)。结论 DTI和ASL在急性缺血性脑卒中诊治中有一定的应用价值,能反映梗死灶血流灌注情况及白质纤维束完整性,需进一步研究。     

慢性期脑梗死患者脑梗死灶扩散变化及Wallerian变性与运动功能关系的DTI研究

目的:应用DTI检测脑梗死慢性期患者脑梗死灶的改变及皮质脊髓束(CST)的Wallerian变性,并分析其与运动功能的关系。方法:搜集36例病程半年以上的单侧大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死(MCAO)患者及36例与其性别、年龄相匹配的健康志愿者于1.5T磁共振扫描仪上行全颅15个方向的DTI检查。采用手工法在双侧CST走行区及脑梗死灶取不同兴趣区(ROI)进行测量得到FA值及ADC值。结果:慢性期单侧MCAO患者脑梗死灶及其同侧CST不同ROI的FA值和ADC值与对侧相应部位差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑梗死灶同侧CST不同ROI及与CST相关的脑梗死灶的FA值改变率(rFA)均与运动功能存在相关性。结论:慢性期脑梗死患者同侧CST及与CST相关的脑梗死灶rFA均与运动功能存在相关性。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在早期脑梗死评价及治疗后肌力功能相关性研究的应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在早期单侧脑梗死后肌力受损程度评价及治疗后肌力功能相关性研究的应用。方法选取70例早期单侧脑梗死伴肌力功能障碍患者行磁共振常规MRI及DTI检查,利用DTI图分别测量梗死灶及镜像区的部分各向异性系数(FA)、容积比各向异性(VRA)及平均扩散系数(DCavg),比较两侧FA值、VRA值及DCavg值差异有无统计学意义。按起病初期患侧肌力受损程度分轻度组、中度组及重度组,按治疗后患侧肌力恢复程度分明显恢复组、部分恢复组及无明显恢复组,比较各组FA值、VRA值及DCavg值差异有无统计学意义。结果早期脑梗死灶FA值、VRA值及DCavg值均明显低于镜像区(P<0.05);肌力受损轻度组、中度组及重度组梗死灶的FA值、VRA值及DCavg值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后肌力恢复程度明显恢复组、部分恢复组及无明显恢复组梗死灶的FA值、VRA值及DCavg值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期脑梗死FA值、VRA值及DCavg值均明显减低,FA值、VRA值及DCavg值可对早期脑梗死后肌力受损程度及治疗后肌力恢复程度进行准确判断,可为早期脑梗死临床治疗及预后评估提供直接可靠的参考依据。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.