高血压病患者血压变异性与认知功能的相关性研究

目的探讨高血压病患者血压变异性与认知功能的关系。方法收集到该院就诊的180例高血压病患者进行动态血压检测,并收集一般临床资料,测量身高、体重,测定空腹血糖,总胆固醇,甘油三酯等指标。同时根据国际通用的简易智力状况量表(MMSE)得分进行认知功能评定,将患者分为2组:认知功能障碍组作为病例组41例,认知功能正常组作为对照组139例。结果单因素分析结果显示:年龄、文化程度、饮酒史、24h收缩压变异及收缩压晨峰5个因素在病例组和对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,高血压病患者年龄,文化程度,24h收缩压变异及收缩压晨峰与其认知功能下降有关(OR值分别是1.11、10.42、2.42和4.39,P均<0.05)。结论该研究的高血压病人群除文化程度和年龄因素外,24h收缩压变异及收缩压晨峰与认知功能降低密切相关,高血压病患者收缩压的变异异常和收缩压晨峰是其认知功能障碍重要的危险因素。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰的分析与干预研究

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与年龄和性别的相关性、晨峰患者心血管事件的风险,以及血压晨峰的治疗方法.方法:采用动态血压监测仪分析220例老年高血压患者的血压,确认晨峰组与非晨峰组,测定QT离散度和LVMI,选择部分患者,观察不同的药物、不同的给药时间对晨峰的治疗效果.结果:①与非晨峰组相比较,晨峰组凌晨收缩压、脉压较高(P＜0.001).凌晨血压增高与年龄相关(P＜0.05),与性别无相关(P＞0.05).②与非晨峰组相比,血压晨峰组的QT离散度增大,差别有显著意义(P＜0.001).③血压晨峰组的LVH发生率为57.3%,非晨峰组为43.8%,差别显著(P＜0.05).④睡前服药组凌晨血压下降的程度大于清晨服药组,钙离子拮抗剂优于转换酶抑制剂.结论:①血压晨峰与年龄相关.②血压晨峰使心血管事件的风险增加.③睡前服药对晨峰的治疗效果较好,钙离子拮抗剂优于转换酶抑制剂.     

血压正常高值人群尿酸现状及相关因素分析

目的探讨正常血压人群与血压正常高值人群尿酸水平,高尿酸血症患病率及相关心血管事件危险因素的比较。方法采取整群分级抽样方法调查成都市3个社区3524例社区居民血压水平及尿酸等代谢指标,按不同的血压水平分为正常血压组和血压正常高值组,分别比较两组间血尿酸浓度水平、高尿酸血症的患病率及相关心血管事件危险因素差异,并就血压与尿酸及相关代谢指标做相关分析。结果血压正常高值组比正常血压组的血尿酸水平高[（302.91±81.89）μmol/L vs（284.78±78.56）μmol/L,P〈0.001],高尿酸血症的患病率在血压正常高值组为8.7%,高于血压正常组4.4%（P=0.002）,血压正常高值组的年龄、BMI、血脂、心率、血糖等指标比正常血压组高,差异均有统计学意义。血压与各危险因素的相关性分析显示,收缩压和舒张压与年龄,BMI、尿酸、心率有弱相关,与胆固醇有强相关。结论血压正常高值人群比正常血压人群有着更高的包括高尿酸血症在内的心血管危险因素。     

血清瘦素水平与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的　探讨瘦素、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗与血压的相互关系 ,评价瘦素在高血压发病中的作用。方法　 5 6 0名非糖尿病的成年男性 ,测定空腹血脂、瘦素、真胰岛素 (TI)浓度以及空腹和餐后 2h血糖。胰岛素敏感性以稳态模型抵抗指数 (HOMA R)评价。结果　空腹瘦素水平与体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR)、TI和HOMA R、血压以及甘油三酯和胆固醇均显著相关 (均为P <0 0 1)。在调整年龄、BMI、WHR和HOMA R后 ,瘦素仍与收缩压呈正相关 (r=0 11,P <0 0 5 ) ,而且高血压者 (除外服用降压药者 )的瘦素水平也显著高于非高血压者 (几何均值 6 4 μg/L对 4 7μg/L ,P <0 0 0 1)。肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和高瘦素血症均能明显增加高血压的检出率。Logistic回归分析也显示瘦素水平的升高与高血压的发病密切相关。结论　瘦素与肥胖型高血压的发病相关。     

中青年H型高血压患者的血压变异性和昼夜节律

目的 探讨中青年H型高血压患者的血压变异性和昼夜节律.方法 对89例中青年轻中度高血压患者的动态血压数据进行回顾性分析,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平分为H型高血压组(n=56)和非H型高血压组(n=33),比较两组患者不同时段血压[包括24 h平均收缩压/舒张压(24hSBP/24hDBP),日间平均SBP/DBP(dSBP/dDBP)、夜间平均SBP/DBP(nSBP/nDBP)、清晨6:00-9:00点平均SBP/DBP(mSBP/mDBP)、夜间23:00-24:00点平均SBP/DBP(mnSBP/mnDBP)]及变异性(包括24hSBPV/24hDBPV、dSBPV/dDBPV、nSBPV/nDBPV、mSBPV/mDBPV、mnSBPV/mnDBPV)、日间/夜间平均心率、SBP/DBP杓形比例及血压晨峰(MBPS)的变化.结果 H型高血压组24hSBP、dSBP、nSBP、mSBP均高于非H型高血压组,而24hDBP、dDBP、nDBP、mDBP均低于非H型高血压组,均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).H型高血压组24hSBPV、24hDBPV、dSBPV、nDBPV、mSBPV与非H型高血压组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).H型高血压组SBP杓形比例及平均MBPS高于非H型高血压组(P＜0.01).结论 中青年H型高血压患者血压变异性在一定范围内增高,与昼夜节律性改变有相关性.     

原发性高血压患者血压季节性改变的研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压的季节性变化及其与各气象因素的关系。方法用整群抽样法抽取青州市3个乡镇的原发性高血压患者1800例,男1155例,女645例,年龄29—85岁,平均年龄61．3岁。2008年7月至2009年6月测量患者8：00～11：00时坐位肱动脉血压,每隔7～14天测量一次,共12个月。将血压值与测量时当地的气温、室温、湿度、平均气压等气象数据配对后进行多元回归分析。结果观察组的血压上半年成下降趋势,其拐点在4月份,夏季最低。下半年以9～10月份为拐点逐渐升高,冬季达高峰。除春秋季之间外,各季节间的收缩压、舒张压比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。收缩压、舒张压均与气温（beta=-0．08,t=-2．39,P〈0．05：beta=-0．24,t=-6．21,P〈0．01）、室温（beta=-0．08,t=-2．39,P〈0．05;beta=-0．24,t=-6．21,P〈0．01）成直线负相关。结论原发性高血压患者的血压存在季节性改变,血压在春、秋季出现春降秋升的明显波动,这种改变以收缩压较明显,与室温关系更密切。     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES OF ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS DURING DENTAL EXTRACTION UNDER SEDATION WITH CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF MIDAZOLAM

Objective To evaluate the changes in blood pressure (BP) of elderly hypertensive patients having dental extraction under sedation with continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam. Methods One hundred elderly hypertensive patients undergoing dental extraction were recruited for this single-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients in intervention group (n=50) were given midazolam dissolved in glucose solution and patients in control group (n=50) were given glucose solution only with communication technique. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded in five time points. Results Under basal conditions, intervention group did not show significant difference in BP compared with control group. Before sedation, mean values of SBP and DBP (especially SBP) significantly increased compared with basal conditions in both groups (P<0.05). During dental extraction sessions, mean values of BP in intervention group significantly decreased than control group (P<0.05), but coefficient of variation did show significant difference in both groups. Conclusion Continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam has been proved to be very successful in controlling BP of elderly patients having dental extraction.     

睡眠呼吸暂停与睡前、醒后血压变化关系的初步研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）在高血压病发病中的作用。方法纳入2003年9月-2007年9月在呼吸睡眠监测中心就诊、Epworth嗜睡量表评分〉9分的成年患者，进行多导睡眠图（PSG）和血压检测，根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）将所有对象分为4组，比较各组患者睡前与醒后的血压变化，了解血压变化与PSG的各项指标的相互关系。结果共1528例患者入选。非OSAHS组患者（AHI〈5次／h，n=172）的睡前、醒后血压无显著差异（P〉0．05）；轻度OSAHS组患者（AHI≤20次／h，n=435）的舒张压升高1．73mmHg；中度OSAHS组患者（AHI≤40次／h，n=307）的收缩压和舒张压分别升高3．52mmHg和3．71mmHg；重度OSAHS组患者（AHI〉40次／h，n=614）的收缩压和舒张压分别升高3．72mmHg和4．22mmHg。轻度OSAHS组患者夜间收缩压的变化与微觉醒指数呈显著正相关（r=0．25，P〈0．05）。中度OSAHS组患者夜间收缩压的变化与体重指数（BMI）呈显著正相关（r=0．25，P〈0．05）。重度OSAHS组患者夜间收缩压的变化与BMI、最长呼吸暂停时间呈正相关（r值分别为0．26和0．25，P均〈0．05）；夜间舒张压的变化与AHI、平均呼吸暂停时间（MA）呈正相关（r值分别为0．22和0．17，P均〈0．05）；夜间平均血压的变化与AHI和MA呈正相关（r值分别为0．25和0．20，P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS可引起夜间血压升高，但幅度不大；影响血压的因素因OSAHS的严重程度不同而各异。     

心率变异性与平滑指数对高血压左室肥厚逆转的影响

目的 探讨心率变异性(HRV)与平滑指数(SI)对高血压左室肥厚(LVH)逆转的影响.方法 选择未经治疗的高血压病LVH患者127例,给予口服海捷亚1片/d+美托洛尔(12.5～50 mg/次,2次/d).观察治疗20周前后坐位血压、超声心动图[主要检测舒张期左室后壁厚度(PWT)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)与左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)等并计算左室质量指数(LVMI)]、24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)[主要包括24 h平均压、白昼平均压与夜间平均压等,并计算谷峰比值(T/P)与SI]、24 h动态心电图[主要测定时域指标中的SDNN(全部正常窦性心搏间期的标准差)、RMSSD(全部窦性心搏间期差的均方根)、PNN50(相邻正常窦性心搏问期差＞50ms的心搏数占全部心搏数的百分比)和频域指标中的低频(LF)、高频(HF)及LF/HF]等相关指标的变化.结果 20周后患者坐位血压明显下降Sbp(158.7±12.1)mm Hg与(132.2±14.0)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);Dbp(97.2±7.7)与(86.4±6.5)mm Hg,P＜0.001;超声心动图相关参数及LVMI明显下降[LVMI(128.9±32.4)g/m2与(118.4±31.1)g/m2,P＜0.01];24 h动态血压监测相关指标明显下降[24 h平均收缩压(146.2±10.1)mm Hg与(129.7±6.1)mm Hg,P＜0.001;24 h平均舒张压(93.5±5.5)mm Hg与(81.8±6.7)mm Hg,P＜0.01;白昼平均收缩压(149.5±8.7)mm Hg与(133.6±6.3)mm Hg,P＜0.001;白昼平均舒张压(94.7±5.0)mm Hg与(83.6±7.0)mm Hg,P＜0.001;夜间平均收缩压(137.2±8.7)mm Hg与(122.7±7.6)mm Hg,P＜0.001;夜间平均舒张压(86.7±6.2)mm Hg与(72.8±5.5)mm Hg,P＜0.001].治疗后收缩压与舒张压的T/P值分别为0.79和0.71,治疗后收缩压与舒张压的SI值分别为1.4±0.5和1.2±0.6.而反映HRV变化的指标中SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50与HF明显增加[SDNN(97.3±16.7)ms与(152.3±34.2)ms,P＜0.01;RMSSD(21.3±8.7)ms与(41.9±10.4)ms,P＜0.001;PNN50(3.2±1.2)与5.9±2.2;P＜0.01;HF(239.8±98.3)ms2/Hz与(367.3±188.4)ms2/Hz,P＜0.01],LF和LF/HF明显下降[LF(485.2±217.3)ms2/Hz与(287.9±128.6)ms2/Hz,P＜0.01;LF/HF(2.03±0.56)与(0.79±0.38),P＜0.001].结论 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂+利尿剂+β1受体阻滞剂可平稳降低高血压LVH患者的血压、改善其心率变异性、逆转LVH.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship of reversal of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with heart rate variability (HRV) and smoothness index (SI).Methods A total of 127 patients with untreated essential hypertension associated with LVH were enrolled to receive a 20-week treatment.The drugs included losartan potassium & hydrochlorothiazide (1 tablet/day ) and metoprolol (12.5 mg- 50 mg twice daily).The sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP & DBP),M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography,24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) were performed at pre- and post-treatment.The changes in various parameters such as echocardiography left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and the thickness of interventricular septum (IVST) and posterior wall (PWT) were measured.And left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and smoothness index (SI) were also examined.The evaluated parameters of ABPM were average 24-hour,daytime and nighttime SBP & DBP.As to 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter),the parameters were standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN),rate mean square of the differences of successive RR intervals ( RMSSD ) ,percentage of RR intervals differing ＞50 ms (PNN50),high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF).Results After a 20-week treatment,the levels of sitting blood pressure(SBP 158.72 ± 12.11 mm Hg vs 132.21 ± 14.03 mm Hg;DBP 97.20 ± 7.71 vs 86.36 ± 6.48 mm Hg,P ＜ 0.001 ),parameters of 24-hour ABPM (24-hour mean SBP146.20 ±10.11 mm Hg vs 129.68 ±6.12 mm Hg,P＜0.001;24-hour mean DBP93.45 ±5.46mm Hg vs 81.77 ±6.71 mm Hg,P ＜0.01;daytime mean SBP 149.53 ±8.67 mm Hg vs 133.60 ±6.27mm Hg,P＜0.001;daytime mean DBP 94.68 ±4.96 mm Hg vs 83.55 ±7.03 mm Hg,P＜0.001;nighttime mean SBP 137.21 ± 8.73 mm Hg vs 122.74 ± 7.58 mm Hg,P ＜ 0.001;nighttime mean DBP 86.75 ±6.22 mm Hg vs 72.81 ±5.47 mm Hg,P ＜0.001 ) and LVMI significantly decreased ( 128.90 ±32.35 g/m2 vs 118.39 ± 31.10 g/m2,P ＜ 0.01 ) while the indicators of HRV changes such as SDNN,RMSSD,PNN50 and HF significantly increased( SDNN 97.28 ± 16.67 ms vs 152.27 ± 34.23 ms,P ＜0.01;RMSSD 21.32±8.70 ms vs 41.91 ±10.38 ms,P ＜0.001;PNN50 3.17 ±1.23 vs 5.89 ±2.18,P ＜ 0.01;HF 239.82 ± 98.26 ms2/Hz vs 367.32 ± 188.37 ms2/Hz,P ＜ 0.01 ) accompanied by the decreases in LF and LF/HF( LF 485.22 ±217.34 ms2/Hz vs 287.94 ± 128.61 ms2/Hz,P ＜0.01;LF/HF 2.03 ±0.56 vs 0.79 ± 0.38,P ＜ 0.001 ).The post-treatment SIs of SBP and DBP were 1.35 and 1.2 respectively.Conclusion The combination treatment of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker ( ARB ),diuretics and β1-receptor blockers can lower the blood pressures stably,improve heart rate variability and lead to a reversal of hypertensive LVH.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰的影响

目的研究苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰(MBPS)的影响。方法 155例高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者经过2周安慰剂导入期筛选出135例,随机分为2组,治疗组75例给予苯磺酸氨氯地平和贝那普利口服;对照组60例给予硝苯地平缓释片和贝那普利口服,治疗12周后随访血压12周,每2周随访1次,观察2组24h动态血压(ABP)的平均SBP(MSBP)、平均DBP(MDBP),白昼SBP、DBP,夜间SBP、DBP和MBPS阳性率变化。结果 2组治疗后MSBP、MDBP均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度较对照组明显(P<0.01);2组治疗后白昼和夜间的SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度比对照组降低幅度大(P<0.01);对照组治疗后MBPS阳性率为43.0%,治疗组为22.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利可降低高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者的SBP、DBP和MBPS。     

Comparison of the reaction time of wrist flexion and extension between patients with stroke and age-matched healthy subjects and correlation with clinical measures

Background Brain injury had an effect on reaction time (RT) and brain-injured patients were normally significantly slower than normal controls.The RT of the paretic upper limb (UL) in patients with str...     

高血压患者晨间血压升高的病因探讨

目的 寻找引起晨间血压升高的危险因素。方法 将高血压患者分为晨峰组和非晨峰组,检测血液中血浆肾素活性（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）、生长激素（GH）、皮质醇（COR）水平。分析晨峰睡-谷值与AngⅡ、ALD、GH、COR的相关性。结果 老年原发性高血压患者主要为低肾素型高血压。晨峰组与非晨峰组在性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、血脂和高血压病程方面无显著性差异。晨峰组的AngⅡ、ALD均高于非晨峰组（P<0.05）,血GH和COR也均显著增高（P<0.01）。 相关分析结果显示, 晨峰组的晨峰睡-谷值与AngⅡ（r=0.42, P<0.01 ）、ALD（r=0.28, P<0.05 ）、GH（r=0.45, P<0.01 ）、COR（r=0.32, P<0.01 ）均呈现正相关。结论 晨间血压升高与肾素血管紧张素系统激活密切相关,也与血液中生长激素、皮质醇浓度过高有密切关系。     

氨氯地平联合坎地沙坦治疗高血压晨峰的临床观察

目的探讨氨氯地平联合坎地沙坦对高血压患者血压晨峰的影响。方法收集80例有明确血压晨峰现象的高血压患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组给予马来酸氧氯地平5mg,于7：00-8：00时服用,坎地沙坦酯4mg,于20：00-21：00时服用;对照组给予马来酸氨氟地平5mg,早晨口服,1次／天,两组疗程均为8周。观察两组患者治疗前与治疗后晨峰血压下降的程度。结果观察组和对照组晨峰血压下降幅度分别为收缩压（SBP）13．20士1．09mmHg,舒张压（DBP）14．36±1．33mmHg;SBP9．97士1．67mmHg,DBP11．63士1．23mmHg,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论在服用马来酸氨氯地平的同时,晚间加服坎地沙坦,能够有效控制高血压患者的晨峰现象。     

An antihypertensive factor in the erythrocytes of essential hypertensive subjects--effects on blood pressure and calcium uptake by vascular tissue in rats.

An extract prepared from the erythrocytes of essential hypertensive subjects was found to significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR) following a single intravenous or intraperitoneal injection: The maximum SBP reduction was 42.8 mmHg in SHR and 38.3 mmHg in RHR. In contrast, this hypertensive factor (AHF) had little effect on normotensive Wistar Kyoto and Wistar rats. AHF was also found to significantly suppress Ca2+ uptake by vascular smooth muscle in the mesenteric artery and aorta of hypertensive and normotensive rats (P less than 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, AHF prepared from the erythrocytes of normotensive subjects was shown to have a similar effect.     

弗朗斯维尔市气象因素与疟疾、高血压和脑卒中关系的初步探讨

目的:探讨非洲加蓬弗朗斯维尔市疟疾、高血压、脑卒中与气象因素的关系。方法:回顾性分析弗朗斯维尔市中加友谊医院和阿弥撒医院2017—2018年门诊收治的6 224例疟疾、高血压和脑卒中患者及同期的气温、气压、相对湿度、降水量等气象资料。采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验分析气象因素、疟疾、高血压、脑卒中在旱季雨季的分布规律,Spearman相关分析气象因素与疟疾、高血压、脑卒中发病之间的关系。结果:雨季疟疾和脑卒中月门诊量显著多于旱季（疟疾t=-8.4,P＜0.001;脑卒中t=-4.6,P＜0.001）;疟疾月门诊量与月平均气温、降水量和有雾天数呈正相关（r=0.587、0.744、0.715,均P＜0.01）,与气压呈负相关（r=-0.705,P＜0.001）。脑卒中月门诊人数与月平均气温（r=0.570,P=0.004）、最大湿度（r=0.519,P=0.011）和降水量（r=0.722,P＜0.001）呈正相关,与平均气压呈负相关（r=-0.700,P=0.011）。高血压月门诊人数在旱季和雨季无差异,且与气象因素均无显著性相关（P＞0.05）。结论:气象因素是弗朗斯维尔市疟疾、脑卒中的发病的影响因素,在雨季气象条件下疟疾、脑卒中发病率高。     

短期持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者外周动脉硬度的影响

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠前后外周动脉硬度的变化及短期持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对其的影响.方法 以60例OSAHS患者为试验组,正常人60名为对照组,两组间年龄、性别构成比匹配,分别于入睡前及第二天清晨醒来后按相同方法测定四肢血压及心脏一踝血管指数(CAVI).试验组中的22例重度SAHS患者接受CPAP治疗,并在治疗第1天睡前及醒后、治疗第3天醒后重复测定上述指标.结果 试验组一夜睡眠后CAVI值[(8.0±1.2)m/s]、舒张压[(87±12)mm Hg]及平均压[(101±12)mm Hg]均高于睡前[分别为(7.3±1.0)m/s、(83±13)mm Hg及(98±14)mm Hg](均P<0.05),收缩压无明显改变;对照组相关参数在醒后均呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义.试验组经CPAP治疗1晚后,晨起的CAVI值[(7.8±1.0)m/s]、收缩压[(129±19)mm Hg]、舒张压[(84±11)mm Hg]及平均压[(99±13)mmHg]均低于治疗前晨起的相应数值[分别为(8.6±1.1)m/s、(137±23)mm Hg、(89±13)mm Hg、(105±16)mm Hg](均P<0.05);治疗第3天与治疗后第1天相比,晨起后的CAVI值仍继续明显下降,而收缩压、舒张压、平均压虽呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义.结论 睡眠可以引起OSAHS患者动脉硬度急性增高,经CPAP治疗可降低,并在3 d的治疗中持续改善.     

High blood pressure: definitions,prognostic, and therapeutic implications

Although it is well established that high blood pressure (BP) levels of 140/90 mmHg or higher are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality it has not been as well appreciated that lower BP levels, namely those considered to be in the "normotensive" range, also confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent data from the Framingham Heart Study have demonstrated that high normal levels (i.e. SBP = 130-139 and/or DBP = 85-89 mmHg) frequently progress to hypertension, are associated with structural and functional cardiovascular alterations, an atherogenic metabolic profile and/or a comorbid condition, and an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Factors that predispose to progression to hypertension include higher SBP and body weight at baseline and weight gain. In low risk subjects with high normal BP, nonpharmacologic measures, especially salt restriction and weight reduction are often adequate to lower BP to < or = 130/80. In those with a high cardiovascular risk profile, BP should be reduced to < or = 120/80 with nonpharmacologic measures and pharmacotherapy.     

Plasma leptin and its relationship with lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in obese female patients with or without hypertension

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggested that leptin-induced oxidative stress in human endothelial cells in vivo and increased oxidative stress in human essential hypertension may further contribute to both the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of plasma leptin levels with plasma lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in obese hypertensive atherosclerosis model. METHODS: Plasma leptin, lipid peroxidation and NOx levels were determined in age-matched non-obese normotensive female subjects (n = 30), obese normotensive female subjects (n = 45), and obese hypertensive female subjects (n = 50). Plasma leptin levels were determined by immunoradiometric method. Lipid peroxidation was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) using spectrophotometric method. NOx levels were determined using enzymatic method. RESULTS: We found that plasma leptin and TBARS levels were increased in obesity, and obese hypertensives have significantly higher plasma leptin and TBARS levels than obese normotensives (p <0.001 and p <0.001). Obese hypertensives have significantly lower plasma NOx levels than obese normotensives (p <0.001). In univariate and multivariate regression analysis, plasma leptin levels were significantly correlated with TBARS (p <0.01 and p <0.01) in obese subjects. Plasma TBARS were also inversely correlated with NOx in hypertensive obese subjects (r = -0.412, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that elevated leptin levels may be associated with increased oxidative stress and free-radical-induced decreased NOx levels. Therefore, hyperleptinemia may be an important contributor to the generation of hypertension in obesity.     

Benidipine has effects similar to losartan on the central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in mild to moderate essential hypertension

Background Central blood pressure (BP) is pathophysiologically more important than peripheral BP for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.Arterial stiffness is also a good predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The effects of benidipine,a unique dual L-/T-type calcium channel blocker,on central BP have not been reported.This study aimed to compare the effect of benidipine and losartan on the central BP and arterial stiffness in mild to moderate essential hypertensives.Methods This 24 weeks,multi-center,open label,randomized,active drug comparative,parallel group study was designed as a non-inferiority study.The eligible patients (n=200) were randomly assigned to receive benidipine (n=101)or losartan (n=99).Radial artery applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis were used to measure the central BP,pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Alx).We also measured the metabolic and inflammatory markers.Results After 24 weeks,the central BP decreased significantly from baseline by (16.8+14.0/10.5+9.2) mmHg (1mmHg =0.133 kPa) (systolic/diastolic BP; P ＜0.001) in benidipine group and (18.9+14.7/12.1+10.2) mmHg (P ＜0.001)in losartan group respectively.Both benidipine and losartan groups significantly lowered peripheral BP (P ＜0.001) and Alx (P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences between the two groups.The mean aortic,brachial and femoral PWV did not change in both groups after 24-week treatment.There were no significant changes of the blood metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in each group.Conclusion Benidipine is as effective as losartan in lowering the central and peripheral BP,and improving arterial stiffness.     

2型糖尿病患者并发心血管病变与血小板平均体积的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者并发心血管病变与血小板平均体积(MPV)的关系。方法选取2013年12月至2015年12月医院109例T2DM患者作为研究对象,其中47例合并心血管病变患者合并心血管病变组,62例未合并心血管病变患者作为未合并心血管病变组,选取同期医院体检正常者45例作为对照组,空腹静脉采血测定MPV、血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹血糖、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、D二聚体(D-D)水平。结果 T2DM合并心血管病变组、未合并心血管病变组HbAlc、空腹血糖均高于对照组(P0.05),T2DM合并心血管病变组、未合并心血管病变组组间比较无差异(P0.05);T2DM合并心血管病变组MPV、PDW、hs-CRP、Fbg、D-D明显高于未合并心血管病变组和对照组,PLT明显低于未合并心血管病变组和对照组(P0.05),未合并心血管病变组和对照组组间比较有差异(P0.05)。MPV与PDW(r=0.358,P=0.023)、hs-CRP(r=0.327,P=0.028)、Fbg(r=0.396,P=0.018)、D-D(r=0.674,P=0.001)呈正相关关系,与PLT(r=-0.417,P=0.009)呈负相关关系。结论 2型糖尿病患者并发心血管病变与MPV密切相关。