左心室收缩功能对无保护左主干经皮介入治疗结果的影响

目的 评价左心室收缩功能对无保护左主干(ULM)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的影响。方法 2006年9月至2009年8月在北京安贞医院因ULM接受PCI的患者入选本研究,收集患者的临床资料和随访结果。根据患者的左心室射血分数(LVEF)分为LVEF≥40％组和LVEF＜40％组,比较两组间的基线资料和随访资料。应用多因素回归分析法观察LVEF＜ 40％对ULM介入治疗结果的预测价值。结果 总计入选符合条件的患者186例,其中LVEF≥40％组130例和LVEF＜40％组56例。LVEF ＜40％组糖尿病、既往心肌梗死病史、既往PCI、冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)病史、入院诊断为非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)比率明显高于LVEF≥40％组(P＜0.05)。LVEF＜ 40％组主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)发生率明显高于LVEF≥40％组(33. 9％比18.5％,P=0. 022),LVEF ＜40％组心源性病死率、全因死亡率、MI发生率也明显高于LVEF≥40％组（分别为7.1％比1.5％,P =0. 047;10.7％比3.1％,P=0.034;14. 3％比4.6％,P=0. 022）。女性、糖尿病、既往PCI、CABG、入院为NSTEMI/STEMI、LVEF ＜40％、合并多支血管病变、远端或分叉病变、多支架置入均为MACCE的独立预测因素。结论 左心室收缩功能明显下降是ULM介入治疗预后不良的最强预测因素。     

Clinical and angiographic correlates of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with three vessel coronary disease

Background  Among patients with advanced multivessel coronary disease, left ventricular (LV) function is widely variable, and clinical and angiographic correlates of ventricular dysfunction remain to be defined.   

Methods  Among 73 339 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization at a single center in China, patients with left ventriculographic assessment were identified with three-vessel coronary disease with or without left main involvement. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were examined among patients with normal or varying extent of LV dysfunction, and predictors of LV impairment (ejection fraction (EF): <25%, 25%–40% or >40%) were determined.

Results  Among 11 950 patients identified with three-vessel coronary disease, the sample distribution of LVEF was >40%, n=10 776; 25%–40%, n=948; <25%, n=226. Patients with reduced LV function (<40%) more commonly were male and had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes or unstable angina. Hypertension was more frequent in those with LVEF ≥40%. In a multivariate Logistic regression analysis, prior MI (odds ratio (OR), 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.96–3.84) was most predictive of LVEF <40%, followed by male gender, diabetes, and presentation with unstable angina. For LVEF <25%, only prior MI was identified as a significant correlate of severe LV dysfunction (OR  4.06, 95% CI 3.06–5.39). Following exclusion of patients with previous MI (n=7416), male gender and diabetes were predictive of LVEF <40%, yet presentation with unstable angina was the only factor significantly associated with LVEF <25%.

Conclusion  Among individuals identified with three-vessel coronary disease with or without left main involvement, previous MI was the most significant risk factor of LV dysfunction.

     

血红蛋白水平对冠状动脉介入治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者远期预后的影响

目的 评价血红蛋白(Hb)水平对接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者远期临床预后的影响.方法 150例接受了急诊PCI急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者纳入本研究,根据基线Hb水平分为两组:Hb＜ 120 g/L组(n=21)、Hb≥120 g/L组(n=129),临床随访3年,平均(41±16)个月,观察两组间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率的差异.结果 两组在心肌梗死部位、梗死相关血管、双支血管病变、三支血管病变、Killip分级≥Ⅱ级、药物支架的比例、术后TIMI3级血流的比例,以及高血压、高血脂、吸烟、肥胖、阿司匹林和氯吡格雷使用比例等差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).在Hb＜ 120 g/L组,平均年龄(岁)显著高于Hb≥120 g/L组(68.5±9.2比61.2±12.2,P＜0.0001);糖尿病比例显著高于Hb≥120 g/L组(47.62％比18.60％,P=0.0032);平均的症状发作至球囊打开时间(SOTB)(h)显著高于Hb≥120 g/L组(8.8±10.5比6.3±5.0,P＜0.0001);而平均左室射血分数(LVEF)(％)、完全血运重建的比例显著低于Hb≥120 g/L组(51.25±11.34比58.79±10.38,P＜0.0001;61.9％比86.8％,P=0.0045),其差异有统计学意义.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,LVEF是随访期主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生的独立预测因素(P=0.0140),差异有统计学意义.临床随访期3年,MACE发生16例.Hb＜ 120 g/L组的MACE发生率显著高于Hb≥120 g/L组(33.33％比6.98％,P=0.0003);随访期间其全因病死率和心性病死率也显著高于Hb≥120 g/L组(28.57％比3.10％,P＜0.0001;23.81％比2.33％,P＜0.0001),差异有统计学意义.结论 在接受急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者中,Hb水平＜120 g/L患者,其随访期MACE发生率增加,全因病死率和心性病死率增加,远期预后差.     

Comparison of drug eluting stent implantation with coronary artery bypass surgery in the treatment of patients with chronic total occlusion and multiple vessel disease

Background  In patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) and multivessel coronary artery disease, the comparison of surgical and the percutaneous revascularization strategies has rarely been conducted. The aim of this study was to compare long term clinical outcomes of drug eluting stent (DES) implantation with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in the patients with CTO and multivessel disease.

Methods  From a prospective registry of 6000 patients in our institution, we included patients with CTO and multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent either CABG (n=679) or DES (n=267) treatment. Their propensity risk score was used for adjusting baseline differences.

Results  At a median follow-up of three years, propensity score adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that the rate of major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was lower in CABG group (12.7% vs. 24.3%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.969, 95% CI 1.219–3.179, P=0.006) mainly due to lower rate of target vessel revascularization in CABG group than in DES group (3.1% vs. 17.2%, HR 16.14, 95% CI 5.739–45.391, P <0.001). The incidence of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (composite end point) was not significantly different between these two groups. On multivariate analysis, the significant predictors of MACCE were only the type of revascularization. Age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and complete revascularization were identified as significant predictors of composite end points.

Conclusions  Our study shows that in patients with CTO and multivessel coronary disease, DES can offer comparable long term outcomes in cardiac death and myocardial infraction free survival in comparison with CABG. However, there is an increased rate of MACCE which results from more repeat revascularizations. Obtaining a complete revascularization is crucial for decreasing adverse cardiac events.

     

多支冠状动脉病变支架术的疗效及预后

目的:研究多支冠状动脉病变患者支架术的疗效及预后。方法:通过电话或门诊共随访到256例完成经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的冠心病病例。其中单支病变(甲组)104例,多支病变(乙组)152例,乙组又分完全重建组67例和不完全重建组85例,分别比较各组支架术后的长期结果。结果:甲、乙组平均随访时间及手术并发症均无统计学差异。与甲组比较,乙组心绞痛复发率明显增高(P<0.01),再住院率、心脏事件发生率增高,心功能改善率降低(均P<0.05);不完全重建组心脏事件增多(P<0.05),心绞痛复发率及再住院率明显增多、心功能改善率明显减少(均P<0.01)。与完全重建组比较,不完全重建组心绞痛复发率及再住院率增高,心功能改善率减少(均P<0.05)。结论:多支病变患者冠脉内支架术安全,但长期疗效和预后较单支病变差,而病变冠脉完全重建组长期疗效和预后与单支病变相似,显著优于不完全重建组。     

Efficacy and safety of triple-antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis

Background The combination of cilostazol,aspirin and clopidogrel (triple antiplatelet therapy,TAT) after a percutaneous coronary intervention has been used as an alternative therapy.We performed a meta...     

Major risk-stratification models fail to predict outcomes in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing simultaneous hybrid procedure

Background  The hybrid procedure for coronary heart disease combines minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is an alternative to revascularization treatment. We sought to assess the predictive value of four risk-stratification models for risk assessment of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with multivessel disease undergoing hybrid coronary revascularization.

Methods  The data of 120 patients were retrospectively collected and the SYNTAX score, EuroSCORE, SinoSCORE and the Global Risk Classification (GRC) calculated for each patient. The outcomes of interest were 2.7-year incidences of MACCE, including death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and any-vessel revascularization.

Results  During a mean of 2.7-year follow-up, actuarial survival was 99.17%, and no myocardial infarctions occurred. The discriminatory power (area under curve (AUC)) of the SYNTAX score, EuroSCORE, SinoSCORE and GRC for 2.7-year MACCE was 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.42–0.77), 0.65 (0.47–0.82), 0.57 (0.39–0.75) and 0.65 (0.46–0.83), respectively. The calibration characteristics of the SYNTAX score, EuroSCORE, SinoSCORE and GRC were 3.92 (P=0.86), 5.39 (P=0.37), 13.81 (P=0.32) and 0.02 (P=0.89), respectively.

Conclusions  In patients with multivessel disease undergoing a hybrid procedure, the SYNTAX score, EuroSCORE, SinoSCORE and GRC were inaccurate in predicting MACCE. Modifying risk-stratification models to improve the predictive value for a hybrid procedure is needed.

     

冠状动脉多支病变不完全血运重建的疗效探讨

目的 探讨不完全性血运重建术对冠状动脉多支病变患者疗效及预后的影响.方法 113例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠状动脉多支病变患者行单纯药物治疗(CT)或不完全血运重建治疗(IR),随访12个月,比较两组的左心室射血分数(LVEF)及心绞痛发作、6 min步行试验改善情况,以及再入院率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率、病死率.结果 治疗后,IR组6 ain步行试验[(384.5±97.5)m]、LVEF(0.50士0.08)、心绞痛发作次数[(4.1±2.3)次/周]较治疗前[分别为(362.1±98.0)m、0.47±0.08、(6.4±2.1)次/周]显著改善(P值均＜0.01);CT组6 min步行试验[(326.9±94.6)m]、LVEF(0.43±0.07)较治疗前[(359.2±99.8)m、0.46±0.09]显著恶化(P值均＜0.01),治疗前心绞痛发作次数[(7.0±2.9)次/周]与治疗后[(6.1±1.8)次/周]的差异无统计学意义(P=0.053).随访12个月时,IR组6 min步行试验、LVEF的增幅分别为(0.08±0.03)%、(0.07±0.01)%,心绞痛发作次数降幅为(0.33±0.06)%;CT组6 min步行试验、LVEF值、心绞痛发作次数降幅分别为(0.08±0.02)%、(0.06±0.02)%、(0.05±0.05)%;两组间上述指标的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).IR组再人院率为40.0%,显著低于CT组的60.4%(P＜0.05).IR组的MACE发生率及全因病死率分别为11:7%、3.3%,与CT组(分别为18.9%、3.8%)的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 冠状动脉多支病变行不完全性血运重建能够改善患者症状,提高生活质量,但对于预后的影响还需进一步研究.     

心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入术后心功能的变化

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）对心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者左心收缩功能的作用。方法62例心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者,其中急性心肌梗死32例,陈旧性心肌梗死30例。行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及支架植入术,术后随访3个月。超声心动图测定左室舒张末内径（LVED）、左房内径（LAD）、左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末容积（LVESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）,比较治疗前后各参数的变化。结果PCI治疗后LVED、LAD、LVEDV、LVESV较治疗前均明显减少。LVEF和LVFS明显增高（P〈0．01）,血运重建时间越早,心功能恢复越好。结论心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者尽早行PCI治疗,可改善心脏功能,逆转左室重构。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病多支血管病变血运重建方式选择

目的：比较2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）合并冠心病多支血管病变患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（ percutaneous coronary intervention ,PCI）或冠状动脉旁路移植术（ coronary artery by-pass graft,CABG）3年后的预后情况,探讨该类患者如何选择再血管化治疗方式。方法选择2009年5月1日至2010年5月31日于天津市胸科医院连续进行的冠状动脉造影（ coronary angiography ,CAG）确诊T2DM伴多支血管病变并成功行PCI或CABG治疗且病例及随访资料完整者,进行为期3年的随访,收集患者一般情况、临床指标、实验室检查指标等信息,分析死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、再发心绞痛、心力衰竭、卒中等主要不良心脑血管事件（ major adverse cardio cerebral events ,MACCE）。结果3年期随访显示,PCI组MACCE发生率显著高于CABG组（31.58％ vs 17.68％,P＜0.01）,PCI组心源性死亡（4.82％vs 1.10％,P＜0.05）、心肌梗死（4.39％ vs 1.10％,P＜0.05）及再发心绞痛（17.27％ vs 10.50％, P＜0.05）发生率较高。结论与PCI相比,CABG仍然是目前T2DM合并多支血管病变患者血运重建治疗的更好方法。     

Coronary stenting versus bypass surgery in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction

Background  The optimal revascularization strategy in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with HFPEF.

Methods  From July 2003 through September 2005, a total of 920 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and HFPEF (ejection fraction ≥50%) underwent PCI (n=350) or CABG (n=570). We compared the groups with respect to the primary outcome of mortality, and the secondary outcomes of main adverse cardiac and cerebral vascular events (MACCE), including death, myocardial infarction, stroke and repeat revascularization, at a median follow-up of 543 days.

Results  In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the PCI group than in the CABG group (0.3% vs. 2.5%, adjusted P=0.016). During follow-up, there was no significant difference in the two groups with regard to mortality rates (2.3% vs. 3.5%, adjusted P=0.423). Patients receiving PCI had higher MACCE rates as compared with patients receiving CABG (13.4% vs. 4.0%, adjusted P <0.001), mainly due to higher rate of repeat revascularization (adjusted P <0.001). Independent predictors of mortality were age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and chronic total occlusion.

Conclusion  Among patients with CAD and HFPEF, PCI was shown to be as good as CABG with respect to the mortality rate, although there was a higher rate of repeat revascularization in patients undergoing PCI.

     

不同血运重建方式治疗复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全的围术期疗效比较

目的对比研究冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）治疗复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全 （LVD）的围术期疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年1月~2013年12月在我院接受CABG和PCI治疗的复杂冠脉病变合并左心功 能不全（左室射血分数LVEF≤50%）患者的临床资料,其中CABG 患者386 例,PCI 患者580 例,采用1∶1 配对方法,以 EuroSCORE危险因素及术前超声心动图指标为配对标准,两组各纳入患者135例,比较两组患者近期结果及术前术后左室形态 及功能变化。结果两组患者基线资料比较,PCI组慢性肺病及3个月内心梗发生率显著高于CABG组（8.1% vs 0.7%,P=0.003; 64.4% vs 31.9%,P=0.000）,而左主干病变比例显著低于CABG组（12.6% vs 23.7%,P=0.018）,其它方面两组之间无统计学差 异。血运重建结果比较：CABG组处理的靶血管数目明显多于PCI组（2.90±0.81 vs 1.67±0.73,P=0.000）,完全再血管化程度明 显高于PCI 组（94.8% vs 51.8%,P=0.000）。术后术前超声结果比较：CABG组与PCI 组LVEF差值无显著差异（P=0.171）,而 CABG组LVEDD差值明显高于PCI组（P=0.000）。围术期不良事件方面,两组住院死亡率及其它严重并发症无统计学差异。 结论对于复杂冠脉病变合并LVD患者,CABG与PCI均为安全可行的血运重建方式。与PCI相比,CABG完全再血管化程度 更高,术后早期左心功能改善更为明显。     

QRS碎裂波对行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者不良心血管事件的影响

目的:分析fQRS与冠脉狭窄程度及主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的相关性,探讨其预测价值。方法:试验共纳入因急性心肌梗死（AMI）接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术治疗的患者261例（其中心电图存在fQRS患者147例,无fQRS患者114例）。分析比较患者的一般临床资料、Gensini评分,随访（14.2±0.8）月内MACE的情况。 结果:（1）与nfQRS组相比,心电图存在fQRS的患者肌钙蛋白、肌酐、尿酸水平及Gensini评分较高,射血分数较低（P <0.05）。（2）Kapla-Meier生存分析提示fQRS组免于MACE的概率低于nfQRS组,log-rank检验P <0.001。两组免于心源性死亡的生存率无显著性差异,log-rank检验P =0.115。（3）多因素Cox回归分析显示糖尿病史、左室射血分数、心梗48 h内心电图是否存在fQRS是预测MACE的独立危险因素。 结论:心梗48 h内出现fQRS是接受PCI治疗的AMI患者不良心血管事件的独立预测因子。     

严重左心室扩张患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和冠状动脉旁路移植术的对比研究

目的 对比严重左心室扩张(LVD)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的近期和远期临床结果.方法 选择2003年7月至2005年9月在我院接受PCI或CABG治疗的严重LVD患者251例,分析不同血运重建方式对住院和随访期间不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的影响.结果 严重LVD患者接受PCI治疗101例,CABG治疗150例,其中PCI组的住院MACCE发生率低于CABG组[3.0％ (3/101)比10.7％ (16/150),P=0.024],住院病死率分别为2.0％、8.7％(P=0.028).PCI组和CABG组分别随访(516±182)d和(515±231)d(P=0.967),分别有99例(98.0％)和136例(90.7％)完成随访.两组随访MACCE发生率PCI组、CABG组分别为18.2％ (18/99)、9.6％ (13/136)差异无统计学意义(P=0.054),PCI组再次血运重建率(14.1％、14/99)比CABG组高(0.7％、1/136,P＜0.01),两组随访死亡[4例(4.0％)比12例(8.8％),P=0.151]、心肌梗死[2例(2.0％)比1例(0.7％),P=0.781]和脑卒中[2例(2.0％)比0例(0.0％),P =0.176]的发生率相当.结论 严重LVD患者接受PCI安全可行,其住院病死率较低,远期预后与CABG相当,但再次血运重建率较高.     

左室射血分数对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者远期预后的影响

目的 评价左室射血分数(LVEF)对接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者临床预后的影响.方法 158例接受了急诊PCI急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者纳入本研究,根据出院前的LVEF分为3组:≤40%(n=14)、41%～55%(n=46)和＞55%(n=98),临床随访平均(43.1±15.2)个月,主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生15例.结果 3组在心肌梗死部位、梗死相关血管、单支血管病变、双支血管病变、CTnI、CK、CK-MB、高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、吸烟、肥胖、阿司匹林和氯吡格雷使用比例、氯吡格雷使用时间的差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).在LVEF≤40%和41%～55%组,平均年龄显著高于LVEF＞55%组(P＜0.0001);在LVEF≤40%组,其三支病变的比例显著高于LVEF41%～55%和＞55%组(P=0.0036);在LVEF41%～55%组和＞55%组,其术后TIMI3级血流和完全血运重建的比例显著高于LVEF≤40%组(P=0.0099,P=0.0010),而Killip分级(Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级)的比例、平均的症状发作至球囊打开时间(SOTB)显著低于LVEF≤40%组(P=0.0100,P=0.0087).在LVEF≤40%和41%～55%组,其药物支架的比例显著低于LVEF＞55%组(P=0.0242).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,出院前LVEF是随访期总MACE发生的独立预测因素(P=0.0029),差异有统计学意义.随着LVEF的减低,在LVEF＞55%、41%～55%、≤40%组的随访期间总MACE发生率显著增加(6.12%比8.70%比35.71%,P=0.0019),随访期间总死亡和心性死亡的发生率也显著增加(1.02%比4.35%比21.43%,P=0.0090;1.02%比2.17%比14.29%,P=0.0060),差异有统计学意义.结论 在接受急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,左室射血分数是其随访期MACE发生的独立预测因子,随着LVEF的减低,其随访期MACE发生率增加.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods A total of 158 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2005 to December 2007were enrolled. They were divided into three groups: LVEF ≤40% ( n = 14), LVEF 41% - 55 % ( n = 46)and LVEF ＞ 55% group ( n = 98 ). The clinical follow-up end-point was major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including death, acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and stent restenosis. The clinical follow-up duration was 43.1 ± 15.2 months. MACE occurred in 15 patients. Results The rates of infarction site, infarction relative artery, 1-vessel disease, 2-vessel disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia,smoking, obesity and aspirin use were not different in three groups (P ＞0.05). Average CTnI, CK,CK-MB and duration of clopidogrel use were not different in three groups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The rate of 3-vessel disease was significantly higher in the LVEF≤40% group than that in the LVEF 41% -55% and LVEF ＞55% groups (P =0. 0036). The rates of TIMI flow grades (Grade Ⅲ ) and complete revascularization were significantly higher in the LVEF 41% -55% and LVEF ＞55% groups than that in the LVEF≤40% group ( P =0. 0099 ,P =0. 0010). The rates of Killip classification ( classes Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ ) and average symptomonset-to balloon-time (SOTB) were significantly lower in the LVEF 41% -55% and LVEF ＞55% groups than that in the LVEF ≤ 40% group ( P = 0. 0100, P = 0. 0087 ). The rate of drug-eluting stents was significantly lower in the LVEF≤40% group and LVEF 41% -55% group than that in LVEF ＞55% group (P = 0. 0242). Logistic regression analysis showed that LVEF was independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period ( P = 0. 0029 ) . With LVEF decrease, incidence of MACE in the follow-up period significantly increased in LVEF ＞55% group ,LVEF41% -55% group and LVEF≤40% group(6. 12% vs 8. 7% vs 35.71%, P = 0. 0019). Incidence of total death and cardiac death in the follow-up period significantly increased in LVEF ＞55% group ,LVEF41% -55% group and LVEF≤40% group( 1.02% vs 4.35% vs 21.43% ,P=0.0090;1.02% vs 2. 17 vs 14.29% ,P=0.0060). Conclusion In patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention,LVEF was independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period. With LVEF decrease, incidence of MACE in the follow-up period significantly increased.     

氯吡格雷用药时间对接受急诊介入治疗急性心肌梗死患者临床疗效的影响

目的 评价氯吡格雷用药时间对接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者随访期预后疗效的影响.方法 214例接受了急诊直接PCI治疗急性心肌梗死患者纳入本研究,根据氯吡格雷用药时间分为两组:氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组(n=59)和≥1年组(n=155),收集基线资料包括年龄、性别、心肌梗死部位、梗塞相关血管、冠脉病变血管支数、支架类型、术前Killip分级、出院前左室射血分数(LVEF)、肌酸肌酶(CK)、肌酸肌酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(CTnI)、血红蛋白、冠心病危险因素(吸烟、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和高血脂),临床随访平均(41.6±16.3)个月,主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生28例.结果 两组在性别、心肌梗死部位、血管病变支数、梗死相关血管、Killip分级(Ⅰ级)、阿司匹林使用的比例及吸烟、肥胖、高血压和高血脂所占比例,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组,平均LVEF、血红蛋白水平及药物支架比例显著低于氯吡格雷用药时间≥1年组(P＜0.0001,P＜0.0001,P=0.0065);在氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组中,糖尿病的比例和平均年龄高于氯吡格雷用药时间≥1年组(P=0.0190,P＜0.0001);在氯吡格雷用药时间≥1年组中,平均CK、CK-MB、CTnI高于氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组(P均＜0.0001).在氯毗格雷用药时间≥1年组中,随访期间MACE发生率明显低于氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组(6.45%vs30.51%,P＜0.01).停用氯吡格雷后,氯吡格雷用药时间≥1年组随访期间MACE发生率明显低于氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年组(2.58% vs 20.34%,P＜0.01).结论 急诊直接PCI治疗急性心肌梗死是一种有效的方法,氯吡格雷用药时间≥1年以上患者其随访期MACE发生率明显低于氯吡格雷用药时间＜1年者,氯吡格雷用药时间影响其随访期预后.     

Predictive value of postprocedural leukocyte count on myocardial perfusion, left ventricular function and clinical outcomes in ST-elevated myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background  Baseline white blood cell (WBC) count was correlated with ischemic events occurrence in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, circulating WBC count is altered after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between postprocedural WBC count and clinical outcomes in STEMI patients who underwent PCI.

Methods  A total of 242 consecutive acute STEMI patients who underwent successful primary PCI were enrolled and followed up for two years. WBC counts were measured within 12 hours after PCI. ST-segment resolution (ST-R) and myocardial blush grades (MBG) were evaluated immediately after PCI. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was obtained at baseline and 12–18 months after PCI.

Results  Postprocedural WBC count was an independent inverse predictor of ST-R (OR 0.80, P <0.0001) and MBG 3 (OR 0.82, P <0.0001). It was negatively correlated with LVEF (baseline r=–0.22, P=0.001; 12–18 months r=–0.29, P <0.0001). The best cutoff value of WBC for predicting death was determined to be 13.0×10⁹/L. The patients with a postprocedural WBC count above 13.0×10⁹/L showed a significantly lower cumulative survival rate (30 days, 82.4% vs. 99.0%, P <0.0001 and 2 years 75.0% vs. 96.4%, P <0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a postprocedural WBC count was a strong independent predictor of 30-day mortality (HR 8.48, P=0.019) and 2-year mortality (HR 4.93, P=0.009).
Conclusions  Increased postprocedural WBC count is correlated with myocardial malperfusion and left ventricular dysfunction, and is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in STEMI patients who underwent PCI.

     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗应用血栓抽吸对STEMI患者心肌灌注及临床预后的影响

目的 探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI）应用血栓抽吸对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI) 患者心肌灌注及临床预后的影响。 方法 采用回顾性研究方法,纳入于河北省人民医院行PPCI的STEMI患者446例。依据术中是否应用血栓抽吸分为非血栓抽吸组（230例）和血栓抽吸组（216例）。收集临床资料和术后慢血流/无复流发生情况,记录术后12个月内主要不良心血管事件（包括心原性死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建）和缺血性脑卒中发生情况。 结果 与非血栓抽吸组相比,血栓抽吸组造影显示心肌梗死溶栓治疗（thrombolysis in myocardial infraction,TIMI）血栓负荷≥4级、术前TIMI血流＜3级及术中替罗非班、尿激酶原的使用率更高,术中造影剂用量更多,而多支病变的比率较低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示造影TIMI血栓负荷≥4级、术前TIMI血流＜3级是PPCI术中使用血栓抽吸的影响因素（P＜0.05）。年龄（OR=1.03,95%CI：1.004~1.056,P=0.023）、造影剂用量（OR=1.004,95%CI：1~1.008,P=0.047）是发生无复流的独立危险因素;发生慢血流/无复流组患者较正常血流组患者中术中行血栓抽吸的比率低,多因素分析显示在全体人群中血栓抽吸与慢血流/无复流无关。Killip≥2级和左主干病变是主要不良心血管事件（major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE）的独立危险因素,而他汀类药物是MACE的保护性因素;Killip≥2级是心原性死亡的独立危险因素,而他汀类药物和射血分数是心原性死亡的保护性因素。血栓抽吸是高血栓负荷人群术后发生无复流的保护性因素;年龄、造影剂用量是高血栓负荷人群发生无复流的危险因素。高血栓负荷人群两组术后12个月的MACE、心原性死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管重建及缺血性脑卒中发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。高血栓负荷人群两组间MACE及心原性死亡的Kaplan-Meier生存分析差异无统计学意义。Cox回归分析显示,血栓抽吸不是高血栓负荷人群MACE及心原性死亡的影响因素。 结论 血栓抽吸可降低高血栓负荷STEMI患者术后无复流和慢血流的发生率,但不能改善术后12个月的临床预后。     

左心室收缩功能对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性下壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 探讨左心室收缩功能对经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)治疗的急性下壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI)患者预后的影响。方法 对161例PCI治疗的急性下壁STEMI患者按左心室收缩功能分为2组:左心室收缩功能障碍[左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)<50%]组和左心室收缩功能正常(LVEF≥50%)组。本研究的主要终点主要不良心脏事件(major adverse cardiac events, MACE)包括所有全因死亡、再发性心肌梗死、缺血驱动的血管血运重建和卒中。结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、病史、Killip分级以及症状发作时间方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);左心室收缩功能障碍组具有更高的病变血管支数和血栓负荷(P<0.05),其他冠状动脉造影结果和介入治疗特征,两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组在1年预期MACE发生率方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(Log-rank P>0.05)。结论 在接受直接PCI治疗的急性下壁STEMI患者中,左心室收缩功能障碍的患者与左心室收缩功能正常的患者具有相似的1年临床不良事件发生率。     

冠心病患者血管重建后吸烟状态对临床预后的影响

目的 探讨冠心病患者血管重建后吸烟状态对其长期临床预后的影响.方法 将893例冠心病患者根据血管重建术前及术后的吸烟状态分为3组:不吸烟组(n=458)、戒烟组(n=287)及吸烟组(n=148),详细记录随访时主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的发生情况.Kaplan-Meier生存分析描述术后累计生存率,并比较吸烟状态对全因性死亡及MACCE的影响,Cox多元逐步回归分析全因性死亡及MACCE的影响因素.结果 平均随访时间约为27个月,术后吸烟率较术前吸烟率明显降低(16.57％ vs.48.71％),且吸烟组患者较年轻(P＜0.0l);不吸烟组患者多为女性(P＜0.01),体质量指数(BMI)较小(P＜0.01).吸烟组全因性死亡(1.53％ vs.1.05％ vs.6.76％,P=0.002)和MACCE(4.37％ vs.5.23％ vs.15.54％,P=0.001)的发生率较高,Cox多元逐步回归分析显示,术后持续吸烟是导致全因性死亡[HR=2.753,95％CI(1.695～4.473),P＜0.01]和MACCE[HR=1.552,95％CI(1.049～1.754),P=0.001]发生的重要危险因素.结论 冠心病患者血管重建后持续吸烟是导致术后发生全因性死亡和MACCE的独立危险因素.