重型颅脑损伤术后有创颅内压监测的临床应用

目的 比较重型颅脑损伤术后不同的有创颅内压( ICP)监测方式对患者预后的影响、明确各种颅内压监测方式对重型颅脑损伤临床救治的意义.方法 收集2009年1月-2010年6月接受手术治疗的201例莺型颅脑损伤(STBI)病例,根据ICP探头的位置和放置方法分为A、B、C 三组(每组67例),在常规手术的基础七分别于脑室、...     

重型和特重型颅脑损伤患者伤后1周内颅内压变化特点

 目的 探讨重型和特重型颅脑损伤患者伤后1周内的颅内压变化特点。方法 对75例患者进行了颅内压监测,其中重型颅脑损伤组50例,特重型颅脑损伤组25例,监测时间为0～7 d,分别取伤后2、4、6、12、24 h的颅内压及第2、3、4、5、6、7d每4h所测得的颅内压均值进行比较。结果 全组75例患者的平均颅内压均高于正常成人颅内压,监测7 d内死亡26例。不管是全组、重型颅脑损伤组还是特重型颅脑损伤组,死亡者和存活者比较,其平均颅内压均在伤后0～5 d明显增高,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),并以伤后2 h和第3 d最明显(P<0.01)。结论 通过对重型和特重型颅脑损伤患者进行动态的颅内压监测,可及时了解颅内压的变化,为患者的进一步检查、治疗及手术提供依据和参考。     

重型创伤性脑损伤去骨瓣减压应用改良Paine点穿刺监测脑室内颅内压的优势

目的 探讨重型创伤性脑损伤(TBI)开颅去骨瓣减压术(DC)中应用改良Paine点穿刺行脑室内颅内压(ICP)监测探头置入的优势。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月-2022年4月嘉兴市第二医院收治的48例重型TBI患者的临床资料。所有患者均行DC联合脑室内ICP监护术,按照ICP监测术式的不同,分为观察组(23例)与对照组(25例),其中观察组行DC切口内改良Paine点穿刺脑室内ICP监测探头置入术,对照组行传统DC对侧切口颅骨钻孔经Kocher点脑室内ICP监测探头置入术。比较两组术前一般资料、手术用时、术后甘露醇使用剂量及持续时间、ICP监测持续时间、术后再出血率、颅内感染率、术后3个月时格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果 两组一般资料、甘露醇使用剂量、甘露醇持续时间和ICP监测持续时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组手术用时、术后再出血率、颅内感染率明显少于或低于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后3个月GOS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 相较传统的DC对侧切口颅骨钻孔经Kocher点行脑室内ICP监测探头置入术,重型脑外伤DC术中通过...     

CT对重型颅脑损伤后颅内压和预后估价

目的：探讨ＣＴ 对重型颅脑损伤后颅内压和预后的估价。材料与方法：ＣＴ 扫描１３０ 例重型颅脑损伤患者,分析其脑室脑池形态、脑室／ 颅腔比率、中线结构移位等变化特征,对颅内压和预后进行估价,并与颅内压监测结果对照。结果：ＣＴ 显示三脑室、基底池受压明显或消失、脑室／ 颅腔比率越小、中线结构移位越严重者,颅内压升高越明显;颅内压越高,预后越差,生存质量越低。结论：ＣＴ 能够估价颅内压,并由此指导治疗,判断预后。     

早期脑室置管行颅内压监护对中型颅脑损伤患者的预后影响

目的　探讨早期脑室置管行颅内压 (ICP)和脑灌注压 (CPP)监护在中型颅脑损伤中的临床应用价值。方法　将 12 5例伤后 2 4h入院无手术指征的中型颅脑损伤 (GCS 9～ 12分 )患者 ,随机分为ICP监护组 :入院后即经恻脑室内穿刺置管行ICP与CPP连续监测 ,根据颅内压变化调整治疗方案 ;对照组 :入院后不做ICP监测 ,依据临床观察的意识及生命体征变化 ,进行治疗。结果　颅内压监护组脱水剂剂量、应用时间均低于对照组 ,疗效优于对照组 ,两组差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　中型颅脑损伤病情极不稳定 ,早期行ICP监护能及早发现病情变化 ,对及时采取有效治疗措施 ,降低死残率 ,改善预后有重要意义。     

重型颅脑损伤后小脑室穿刺监测颅内压31例

重型颅脑损伤患者行颅内压监测对指导临床治疗、判断预后的重要性 ,已日益被众多神经外科医师所认识。通过侧脑室穿刺管进行颅内压监测 ,具有较其他方法不可替代的优越性。由于大部分重型颅脑损伤患者脑室受压变小 ,穿刺不易成功而被许多临床医师所忽视。现对我院 31例重型颅脑损伤后的小脑室穿刺总结如下。临　床　资　料1.一般资料∶ 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年7月共收治重型颅脑损伤患者 71例(ＧＣＳ 3～ 8) ,有 5 4例行侧脑室穿刺 ,其中 31例为小脑室 (急诊头颅ＣＴ示脑室受压变小 ,侧脑室前角最宽径 <0 .6ｃｍ)。31例中男 19例 ,女 12例 ;…     

重型颅脑损伤临床规范化治疗的探讨

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温救治重型颅脑损伤,术后配合中医药的疗效。方法：将96例重型颅脑损伤病人随机分为2组：A组：行改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温治疗62例;B组：行标准大骨瓣开颅术常规治疗34例。术后均配合中医药治疗。根据预后评分（GOS）评价病人预后。结果：术后随访1～6个月,平均3各月。A组恢复率为60%,与B组比较,具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;A组重残率7%,低于B组（P〈0.05）;A组死亡率15%,与B组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：改良大骨瓣开颅术可降低重型颅脑损伤的死亡率;选择性亚低温治疗具有脑保护功能,加快神经功能恢复,提高其恢复良好率;术后中医参与治疗,使意识恢复加快,并发症减少。改良大骨瓣开颅术辅助选择性亚低温中医药参与的联合治疗,是降低重型颅脑损伤的死亡率、重残率,提高患者生存质量的有效措施。     

颅内压监测指导双额脑挫裂伤高冠状开颅脑挫裂伤清除术79例

目的 通过颅内压监测提高双额脑挫裂伤患者的救治成功率和预后.方法 回顾性分析2004年10月-2012年4月收治的79例双额脑挫裂伤患者,根据治疗方法分为颅内压监测组(40例),未颅内压监测组(39例).分析高冠状切口手术的时机、手术策略、颅内压监护在诊治中的重要性及对预后的影响.结果 颅内压监测组与未颅内压监测组比较,渗透性脱水时间[(14.24 ±7.93)d:(21.61±11.97)d,P＜0.01]、ICU监护时间[(14.38±7.56)d:(24.71±17.94)d,P＜0.01]、总住院时间[(17.20±8.09)d:(33.92 ±21.70)d,P＜0.01]明显缩短;6个月时GOS评分明显好于未颅内压监测组[(4.15±1.22)分∶(3.69±1.56)分,P＜0.05].结论 高冠状开颅手术尤其去骨瓣减压术是双额脑挫裂伤,特别是中重度双额脑挫裂伤患者最重要的控制颅内压、保障脑灌注压的治疗手段之一.颅内压监护有助于手术时机的选择,合理指导渗透性治疗、颅内压控制及脑灌注压保障等综合治疗.     

有创颅内压监测并脑室外引流在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的探讨有创颅内压监测并脑室外引流在重型颅脑损伤中的应用效果。方法对42例重型颅脑损伤患者,进行颅内压监护,一旦颅内压持续超过270mmH2O,立即行单侧或双侧侧脑室穿刺外引流。结果 GOS分级评估：死亡6例,占15%,重残3例,轻度残疾5例,恢复良好者28例。结论对颅内压进行有效监测,积极行脑室穿刺外引流是一种有效的微创治疗方法,可以有效缓解颅脑创伤后所致脑肿胀,降低致残率和死亡率。     

正确评价颅内压监测在重型创伤性颅脑损伤救治中的地位

颅内压的持续监测已有60年的历史,是现代创伤性颅脑损伤的里程碑式标记,近二三十年在重型颅脑损伤中得到日益广泛的应用.特别是随着美国重型颅脑损伤救治指南(1996,2000,2007)及欧洲颅脑损伤救治指南(1997)的推广,重型颅脑损伤患者的死亡率在进行性下降,从上世纪80年代的40％左右降到目前的20％左右.但是,颅内压监测和重型颅脑损伤预后之间的关系缺乏前瞻性随机对照研究(RCT)[1].在欧洲和美国,约30％的重型颅脑损伤患者并没有收治在神经外科中心,并不接受颅内压监测.2000年的一项调查显示,在加拿大仅20％神经外科医师认为颅内压监测可改善重型颅脑损伤患者的预后.另外,颅内压监测是一项有创监测,并非毫无风险,其有效性仍有争议[1-3].     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.