Results of surgery for aortic root aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to examine the long-term results of surgery for aortic root aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome. METHODS: Forty-four patients underwent aortic root replacement and 61 underwent aortic valve-sparing operations for aortic root aneurysm. Patients who underwent aortic root replacement had more severe symptoms, worse left ventricular function, more severe aortic insufficiency, and larger aortic root aneurysms than did patients who had aortic valve-sparing operations. Two types of valve-sparing operations were performed: reimplantation of the aortic valve in 39 patients and remodeling of the aortic root in 22 patients. Echocardiography was performed annually during follow-up. The mean follow-ups were 75 +/- 54 months for the aortic root replacement group and 49 +/- 38 months for the aortic valve-sparing group. RESULTS: There were 1 early death and 7 late deaths; 6 deaths were in the aortic root replacement group and 2 were in the aortic valve-sparing group. Survivals at 10 years were 87% in the aortic root replacement group and 96% in the aortic valve-sparing group (P =.3). Freedoms from reoperation at 10 years were 75% in the root replacement group and 100% in the valve-sparing group (P =.1). Freedoms from valve-related mortality and morbidity were 65% after root replacement and 100% after valve-sparing operation (P =.02). Freedom from aortic insufficiency greater than 2+ after aortic valve-sparing operations was 75% at 10 years and was similar for both types of valve-sparing operations; however, the diameters of the aortic annulus and neoaortic sinuses increased only after the remodeling procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that aortic valve-sparing operations provide similar survival but lower rates of valve-related complications than aortic root replacement for patients with Marfan syndrome. Reimplantation of the aortic valve may be more appropriate than remodeling of the aortic root to prevent dilation of the aortic annulus, and for this reason we now use only this technique to treat patients with Marfan syndrome.     

保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术治疗马方综合征主动脉根部瘤

目的 总结保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术治疗马方综合征主动脉根部瘤的经验.方法 2003年7月至2007年12月22例马方综合征患者接受保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术.其中男性12例,女性10例;年龄10～57岁;平均(28±10)岁.手术方法包括再植技术9例、成形技术8例、单片法2例,再植手术+全主动脉置换1例,成形手术+全弓置换+支架象鼻手术1例,单片法+全弓置换+支架象鼻手术1例.术后随访17～64个月,平均随访(46±16)个月.结果 无住院及随访期死亡,1例患者再次开胸止血,随访期无瓣膜相关并发症发生.截至最后一次随访,16例无主动脉瓣反流,4例少量反流,中度及重度反流各1例.中度及重度反流的患者于术后1年进行了再次瓣膜置换手术.结论 保留主动脉瓣的根部重建术早、中期效果满意,可用于治疗马方综合征患者的主动脉根部瘤.     

升主动脉根部瘤的外科治疗

目的总结升主动脉根部瘤的外科治疗经验。方法101例升主动脉根部瘤患者（年龄14～72岁，平均年龄42．7岁）的主要病因为马方综合征（Marfan syndrome，58例），主动脉瓣环扩张症（34例），主动脉瓣二叶瓣畸形（5例），大动脉炎（4例）；术前有主动脉瓣关闭不全96例，主动脉瓣狭窄4例，术前合并有A型夹层26例，急性左心衰竭（5例）。手术类型：Wheat手术4例，传统或改良Cabrol手术13例，David手术1例，Bentall手术83例。同期行主动脉半弓置换术或降主动脉腔内支架植入术16例，全弓置换术或降主动脉腔内支架植入术4例，二尖瓣置换术或成形术14例，冠状动脉旁路移植术8例。结果全组手术死亡率为6．9％（7／101），2000年后降至3．6％（3／83）；术后主要并发症为低心排血量10例，呼吸功能不全9例，肾功能不全9例。术后随访94例，随访期间死亡1例，5例马方综合征患者术后出现B型夹层。结论Bentall手术是治疗升主动脉根部瘤的首选手术方法，术前左心功能及手术技术是影响手术效果的关键因素。     

不同手术方式治疗急性StanfordA型主动脉夹层——单中心5年临床经验

目的 总结不同手术方式治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年11月于中国医科大学附属第一医院因急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层而实施外科治疗的197例患者的临床资料。男131例、女66例,年龄 （51.2±13.9） 岁。所有患者经磁共振成像 （MRI） 或主动脉CT血管造影（CTA）确诊。根据主动脉根部病变情况,进行单纯升主动脉置换、Bentall、Wheat、Cabrol或David手术。主动脉弓部进行全主动脉弓置换、半弓置换或简化全主动脉弓置换＋降主动脉支架象鼻手术。 结果 近端单纯升主动脉置换113例（57.4%）,Bentall手术67例（34.0%）,Wheat手术13例（6.6%）,Cabrol手术1例（0.5%）,David手术3例（1.5%）。全主动脉弓置换＋降主动脉支架象鼻手术82例（41.6%）,半弓置换＋降主动脉支架象鼻手术77例（39.1%）,简化全主动脉弓置换＋降主动脉支架象鼻手术41例（20.8%）。二次开胸止血1例（0.5%）,无永久性神经系统并发症发生,手术30 d死亡率为4.1%（8/197）;随访时间3～52（15.9±11.4）个月,随访率65.0%;1例马方综合征患者术后8个月死于腹主动脉瘤破裂。 结论 根据病变情况,选择适当的外科治疗策略,急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科治疗效果满意。     

Twenty-four year experience with reoperations after ascending aortic or aortic root replacement

Objective: A retrospective analysis of early and late outcome for late (>4 weeks) reoperations on the ascending aorta or aortic root. Materials and methods: During a 24-year interval, starting in 1974, 834 patients underwent replacement of the ascending aorta (39.2%) or aortic root (60.8%). During the same period, 56 patients with a mean age of 51.1±14.4 years underwent reoperation after ascending aortic or aortic root replacement. Predominant indications for reoperation were false aneurysm in 25 (44.6%) patients and true aneurysm in 18 (32.1%) patients. Most frequent surgical procedures were redo aortic root replacement in 30 (53.6%) patients and closure of a false aneurysm in 14 (25.0%) patients. Median interval between the operations was 51 months. Eighteen (32.2%) patients underwent concomitant partial or total aortic arch replacement. Results: Hospital mortality was 5.4% (n=3; 70% CL: 2.4–8.4%). Cause of death was low cardiac output in two patients and rupture of the aorta at the distal suture line in one patient. Univariate analysis identified two or more previous operations (P=0.038) and the interval between initial operation and reoperation for complication of less than 8 months (P=0.005) as risk factors for hospital death. Multivariate analysis indicated operation for active endocarditis or vascular graft infection as an independent risk factor for hospital death (P=0.038, odds 14.6). Follow-up was complete, median 3.1 years. Nine (16.9%; 70% CL: 11.7–22.1%) patients died during that period. Estimated survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 91.2, 84.0 and 76.4%. One patient underwent another reoperation. Estimated event-free survival at 1, 5 and 10 year is 84.3, 72.2 and 65.6%. Conclusion: False aneurysm formation and progression of aneurysmatic disease are the predominant causes for late reoperations after aortic root or ascending aortic replacement. Reoperations can be performed with low hospital mortality and good late results.     

马方综合征主动脉根部手术后远端主动脉病变再次外科治疗

目的 总结马方综合征主动脉根部手术后远端主动脉病变的再次外科治疗结果,探讨相关治疗策略。方法 2000年1月至2010年1月,28例马方综合征主动脉根部手术后远端主动脉病变患者进行再次手术治疗。其中男20例,女8例;年龄23～52岁,平均(38.5±8.7)岁。首次手术包括Bentall手术24例,David手术4例。Stanford A型夹层8例,主动脉根部瘤20例。再次手术包括：胸腹主动脉置换术10例,全主动脉弓置换及支架象鼻术7例,胸降主动脉置换术6例,全主动脉置换术2例,全主动脉弓置换术2例,部分主动脉弓置换术1例。两次手术间隔1 ～12年,平均(6.43 ±3.07)年。结果 术后发生神经系统并发症4例(17％),包括脑卒中1例,截瘫1例,单侧下肢一过性运动障碍2例。二次开胸止血3例,急性肾功能衰竭接受血滤治疗1例。3例因术后呼吸机辅助时间延迟接受气管切开术。术后全部随访,随访时间10～ 118个月,平均(40.8±29.5)个月。住院死亡2例(7.1％),术后1年、5年实际生存率分别为(94.5±1.3)％、(90.6±1.4)％。结论 马方综合征行主动脉根部手术后因远端主动脉病变再次外科治疗临床结果满意。对于患主动脉A型夹层的马方综合征,首次手术即采用积极的主动脉全弓置换及象鼻手术更好。     

保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的疗效分析

目的评价使用保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的临床应用疗效。方法 2001年2月至2010年9月阜外心血管病医院对60例主动脉根部瘤患者行保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术,其中男44例,女16例;年龄9～64(37.2±13.0)岁。主动脉夹层15例,升主动脉瘤10例,马方综合征25例,主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形2例。行主动脉根部重建术53例,主动脉瓣瓣叶再植术7例。比较术前、术后心功能及主动脉瓣反流程度等指标。结果全组中无手术死亡和严重并发症发生,呼吸机使用时间中位数为13(2～1 110)h,住ICU时间1～18(2.7±2.5)d。术后复查超声心动图提示:主动脉瓣反流程度均明显减轻,仅3例为中大量反流,其余无反流或微少量反流。术后随访2～122(61.5±35.9)个月,随访56例,失访4例,随访期间死亡9例,生存率83.9%(47/56)。2例因主动脉瓣反流分别于术后13个月和14个月再次入院行主动脉瓣置换术。47例患者心功能较术前明显改善,心功能Ⅰ级35例(74.4%),Ⅱ级8例(17.0%)。免于主动脉瓣中重度反流40例(85.1%)。结论保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的远期疗效满意,瓣膜相关并发症发生率低。     

Results of surgery for aortic root aneurysm in patients with the Marfan syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of two operations, aortic valve-sparing and aortic root replacement, in patients with aortic root aneurysm and the Marfan syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective review of 78 consecutive patients with aortic root aneurysm and the Marfan syndrome according to the Gent criteria indicated that 42 patients with normal aortic cusps had an aortic valve-sparing operation, and 36 patients had aortic root replacement (mechanical valve in 25 patients and biological valve in 11). The mean age was similar in both groups, but patients who had aortic root replacement had larger aneurysms, higher grade aortic insufficiency, worse left ventricular function and more cardiac co-morbidity than patients who had aortic valve-sparing operations. The mean follow-up was 41+/-35 months for patients who had aortic valve-sparing, and 65+/-50 months for those who had aortic root replacement. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meyer estimates of survival at 5 years was 100% for patients who had aortic valve-sparing, and 88+/-6% for those who had aortic root replacement (P=0.04). Five patients who had aortic root replacement required seven aortic root re-replacements: three for endocarditis and four for valve failure (biological valves). There have been no reoperations in patients who had aortic valve-sparing operations and annual Doppler echocardiography revealed mild or no aortic insufficiency in 39 patients and moderate aortic insufficiency in three. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that aortic valve-sparing operations are safe in patients with the Marfan syndrome and may provide better clinical outcomes than aortic root replacement. Since the size of the aneurysm often determines the feasibility of a valve-sparing procedure, we now recommend surgery when the diameter of the aortic root reaches 50 mm in patients with the Marfan syndrome who have echocardiographically normal aortic valve cusps.     

Extensive aortic reconstruction for aortic aneurysms in Marfan syndrome

Background. Marfan syndrome patients frequently develop aneurysms or dissections involving multiple segments of the aorta, and occasionally require staged replacement of the entire aorta. This study reviews the surgical outcome of patients with Marfan syndrome who underwent extensive aortic reconstruction. Extensive reconstruction is defined as reconstruction of more than two segments of the ascending, arch, descending thoracic, or abdominal aorta.

Methods. From March 1973 to December 1997, 101 patients with Marfan syndrome underwent aortic operation. Twenty-six patients (25.7%) had extensive aortic reconstruction. All 26 patients suffered from aortic dissection: 13 patients had Stanford type A and 13 had type B dissection. Twenty-three patients (88.4%) had annuloaortic ectasia and aortic regurgitation. Surgical procedures included composite valve graft replacement (n = 23, 88.4%), aortic arch reconstruction (n = 15, 57.7%), graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta (n = 6, 23.1%), and graft replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta (n = 16, 61.5%). Five patients (19.2%) had total thoracoabdominal aortic replacement, and three patients (11.5%) had replacement of the entire aorta. Twenty-one patients (80.8%) required multiple operations.

Results. Follow-up was complete in all patients. The 30-day survival rate was 88.5%. None of the survivors had paraplegia or paraparesis. The overall long-term survival rate was 88.5 ± 6% at 1 year, and 81.7 ± 9% at 9 years.

Conclusions. Aortic surgery prolongs survival in patients with Marfan syndrome, and currently there is a relatively low associated morbidity and mortality even for aggressive surgical treatment.     

主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结84例主动脉夹层患者的外科治疗经验,探讨手术技巧和围术期处理,以提高手术疗效。方法50例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在体外循环下（11例采用深低温停循环技术）行Bentall手术或Cabrol手术24例,升主动脉人工血管置换术8例,Trusler手术5例,Wheat手术5例,升主动脉＋主动脉全弓或半弓人工血管置换术8例;34例Stanford B型主动脉夹层采用带膜支架主动脉腔内修复术治疗。结果住院死亡11例,死亡率13．1％。术中死亡3例,其中1例升主动脉＋次全弓人工血管置换患者因术中主动脉开放后主动脉根部大出血无法止血;1例升主动脉部分切除＋人工血管置换患者心脏无法复跳;1例升主动脉＋半弓血管置换患者因降主动脉夹层破裂死亡。术后早期死亡8例,其中死于低心排血量综合征2例,肺部感染2例,肾功能衰竭2例,呼吸衰竭1例,永久性神经系统损害1例。术后发生并发症16例。随访62例（84．9％,62／73）,随访时间3个月～10年。随访期间死亡2例,其中1例死于心内膜炎,1例猝死（原因不明）。结论快速准确地诊断、个体化的手术方案和精确的手术技术是主动脉夹层手术成功的关键。     

Should the transverse aortic arch be replaced simultaneously with aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia in Marfan syndrome?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine, on the basis of the late fate of the intact aortic arch with abnormal tissue after aortic root replacement, whether the intact aortic arch should be replaced prophylactically at the time of aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia in Marfan syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in 85 patients with Marfan syndrome who underwent aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia with or without aortic dissection (mean age 37 years, range 19-61 years). These 85 patients were divided into four groups according to the postoperative condition of the residual aorta. In group I (n = 47), the patients underwent aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia with or without localized dissection in the ascending aorta. In these patients the residual aorta, including the aortic arch, was therefore intact. In group II (n = 10), the aortic arch was intact, although the descending thoracic aorta was dissected because of the preoperative type B dissection. In groups III and IV, the patients had type A dissection involving the transverse arch associated with annuloaortic ectasia. In group III (n = 13), residual dissection existed in the descending thoracic aorta after concomitant total arch replacement. In group IV (n = 15), the aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta were dissected. RESULTS: There were 5 early deaths (3 in group I, 1 in group II, and 1 in group III). Subsequent operations were required in 10, 5, 6, and 7 cases in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Regarding the aortic arch, only 2 of 53 survivors of the initial hospitalization with an intact aortic arch (groups I and II) underwent subsequent total arch replacement for the onset of dissection in the aortic arch, and 4 of 14 survivors of the initial hospitalization with a residual dissecting arch (group III) needed subsequent total arch replacement. Actuarial freedom from arch repair among patients with an intact aortic arch (91% at 15 years) was significantly higher than that among patients with a residual dissecting arch (49% at 15 years, P =.0078). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of new dissection in the residual intact arch after aortic root replacement was extremely low. Therefore prophylactic replacement of the intact arch does not appear to be necessary at aortic root replacement for annuloaortic ectasia in Marfan syndrome.     

Aortic root replacement with composite valve graft

BACKGROUND: Composite valve graft replacement is currently the treatment of choice for a wide variety of lesions of the aortic root and the ascending aorta. In this study we report our experience with aortic root replacement using a composite graft. METHODS: Between October 1978 and May 2001, 274 patients (79.6% male and 20.4% female) with a mean age of 53.5 years underwent composite graft replacement of the aortic root. One hundred sixty-one patients (70.8%) had annuloaortic ectasia and 46 (16.8%) aortic dissection. The classic Bentall technique was used in 94 patients (34.3%), the "button technique" in 172 patients (62.8%), and the Cabrol technique in 8 patients (2.9%). RESULTS: The early mortality rate was 6.9% (19 of 274 patients). Cardiopulmonary bypass time longer than 180 minutes and associated coronary artery bypass grafting were found to be independent risk factors of early mortality. The actuarial survival rate was 77.7% at 5 years and 63% at 10 years. The independent risk factors for late mortality were coronary artery disease, chronic renal failure, and postoperative dialysis. The actuarial freedom from reoperation on the remaining aorta was higher among patients without Marfan syndrome (94.6% versus 79.6% at 10 years, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Composite valve graft replacement can be performed with low hospital mortality and morbidity. The button technique offers some advantages and should be used whenever possible. In case of acute aortic dissection root replacement is usually not necessary. Marfan patients should be treated with early root replacement before dissection occurs.     

Total Arch Replacement with Stented Elephant Trunk Technique: A Proposed Treatment for Complicated Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection

Abstract   Objectives : The treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissections involving the arch or associated with proximal aortic aneurysms remains a surgical challenge. We report our results with total arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk (SET) procedure for these complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections. Methods: Between December 2003 and June 2008, 31 patients were admitted for complicated type B dissection (12 acute, 19 chronic). The mean age at operation was 44.3 ± 10.6 years (range: 22-68 years). The surgeries were performed by using total arch replacement combined with SET implantation. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed before discharge as well as 3 months and annually to evaluate the condition of the graft and the residual false lumen. Results: The procedure was successful in all but two patients; two patients died of multiple organ failure following surgery. No paraplegia was observed after surgery. Follow-up was completed in 27 of 29 patients and the mean follow-up period was 18.4 ± 12.3 months (range: 6-54 months). During follow-up CT scans, thrombus formation was observed in the descending aortic false lumen excluded by the stented graft in most patients. One patient died during follow-up while two patients with Marfan syndrome underwent successful operations for replacement of the remaining descending and abdominal aorta. Conclusion: Total arch replacement with the SET procedure has emerged as a viable option for complicated type B dissections and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. At mid-term follow-up, most patients have either thrombosed or have had no further increase in the false lumen of the descending aorta.     

Acute type A dissection: conservative methods provide consistently low mortality

BACKGROUND: A wide spectrum of operative techniques are applied in acute type A dissection. Most convey hospital mortality between 10% and 20%. In this high-risk setting, we believe that a conservative approach to the aortic root and the complete resection of the primary tear are important. We reviewed the results of this policy from our aortic surgery database. METHODS: Between 1988 and December 2000, 95 acute type A dissection patients were operated on by one surgeon. They included 70 men and 25 women aged 37 to 81 years (mean 65 years). Six had Marfan syndrome. Aortic root restoration or replacement was performed during cooling, open arch repair during circulatory arrest, and hemostasis while rewarming. Eighty-seven patients had ascending aortic replacement with glue resuspension of the valve. Two others had had aortic valve replacement previously. Aortic root and partial arch replacement was performed in 6 Marfan patients. Eighteen patients had hemiarch replacement, and 6 had total arch replacement to excise the tear. RESULTS: Five patients died in hospital (5.3% 30-day mortality) and another after early readmission for mediastinal infection (6.3% total mortality). There were no deaths from bleeding. Two patients required aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation 2.5 and 3.0 years postoperatively. Two others required total arch replacement and thromboexclusion procedures, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our policy of primary tear excision and preservation of the native aortic valve has resulted in low overall mortality. We still prefer to replace the aortic root in dissected Marfan patients. In this high-risk condition, hospital survival is of paramount importance. A conservative "pathology-oriented" approach helps to achieve this aim.     

Early and late results of composite graft replacement for the aortic root

From 1985 to 1998, 16 patients underwent composite graft replacement for the aortic root. Ten patients (63%) had Marfan syndrome, 11 (69%) had annulo aortic ectasia (AAE), and 7 (44%) had Stanford A dissection. Two patients (12.5%) underwent emergent operation due to acute aortic dissection. There were 2 (12.5%) operative deaths, and both were Stanford A dissection without Marfan syndrome. Although there was no statistical significance, the operative mortality was higher for the patients with Stanford A dissection (p = 0.087), for those with emergent operation (p = 0.074) and for those without Marfan syndrome (p = 0.051). The overall survival rates were 87.5% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years. The survival rate at 8 years was significantly lower for the patients with Stanford A dissection (35.7%) as compared with non-Stanford A dissection (100%, p = 0.024). Neither Marfan syndrome nor AAE affected the long-term survival. The late results of composite graft replacement for the aortic root were satisfactory except for the patients with Stanford A dissection. It was suggested that the long-term survival for Stanford A dissection was greately affected by the operative deaths for Stanford A dissection without Marfan syndrome.     

Prophylactic aortic root surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome: 10 years' experience with a protocol based on body surface area.

Background: Current guidelines recommending prophylactic aortic root replacement in Marfan syndrome are based on absolute diameters of the aortic root. However, aortic root diameter is a function of body surface area (BSA). Here, we report our experience with a protocol for prophylactic aortic root replacement based on BSA. Methods: Patients with established Marfan syndrome (Ghent criteria) and without prior aortic surgery were eligible for our study. Aortic root ratio was defined as the ratio between the observed aortic root diameter (as measured during annual echocardiography) and the maximum predicted aortic root diameter as calculated according to age and BSA. Replacement surgery was performed if dilatation of the aortic root during follow-up resulted in an aortic root ratio >/=1.3. Results: Fifty-three patients fulfilled the entry criteria (24men/29 women, median age at baseline 27 years, range 18-59 years). During follow-up between 1997 and 2007 (mean 4.7+/-3.2 years) four patients underwent uncomplicated aortic root replacement; two had an aortic root ratio >/=1.3 (aortic root diameters were 4.9 and 5.2cm, respectively), one had aortic root dilatation of 0.4cm/year and a positive family history for aortic dissection and one had an aneurysm of the ascending aorta as the primary indication. None of the patients in the whole group suffered from type A aortic dissection and there was no mortality. Conclusions: Although numbers are small, our protocol for prophylactic aortic root replacement in patients with Marfan syndrome based on BSA was effective in terms of preventing aortic dissection and mortality.     

主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效评估

目的 评估主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效.方法 1996年8月至2009年11月,连续92例主动脉根部瘤手术中男56例,女36例;年龄14～77岁,平均(44.8±1.4)岁.合并主动脉夹层动脉瘤45例,中度以上主动脉瓣关闭不全72例,马方综合征47例.行经典Bentall术59例,纽扣法Bentall术13例,主动脉瓣悬吊术14例,用带主动脉窦人工血管作David Ⅰ术6例.结果 住院死亡8.7%,并发症率31.7%.随访期死亡18例,远期并发症12例.单变量分析术后并发症危险因素为男性、非马方综合征、同期手术、深低温停循环、主动脉阻断≥120 min和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml;住院死亡危险因素为紧急手术、同期手术、主动脉阻断≥120 min、主动脉夹层和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml.Logistic多因素回归分析认为同期手术和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml是并发症和住院死亡危险因素.所有病人1年、5年和10年生存率分别为(97.1±2.0)%、(88.1±4.7)%和(54.0±9.2)%,平均生存(9.9±0.6)年,95%可信区间8.7～11.0.结论 各种主动脉根部瘤手术安全、有效,早、中、长期结果较满意,提倡用纽扣法Bentall术,谨慎选择合适病人作主动脉根部重建术.

Abstract：

Objective Evaluate the outcome of aortic root reconstruction on the analysis of the risk factors influencing surgical results. Methods Between August 1996 and November 2009, 92 patients(56 men, 36 women) aged from 14 to 77years [mean (44.8 ±1.4) years] with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic root reconstruction. 72 patients had over moderate aortic valve insufficiency. 47 patients suffered from Marfan syndrome. The aortic pathology was aortic dissection in 45. Bentall technique was used in 59 patients, the button technique in 13, the David I with the Valsalva graft in 6 patients and the aortic valve resuspension in 14 patients. Results The hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. The major complications 31. 7%. 18patients died during the period of follow-up. Late complications among 55 survivors were 12. Univariate predictors of the morbidity were the presence of male, non-Marfan, concomitant procedure, deep hypothermia cardiac arrest, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Risk facts for mortality were emergent or urgent operation, aortic dissection, concomitant procedure, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors of concomitant procedure and blood infusion were responsible for both morbidity and mortality. The overall long-term survival rate is (97.1 ±2.0)% at 1-year, (88.1 ±4.7)% at 5-year, (54.0 ±9.2)% at 10-year. The mean for survival time is (9.9 ±0.59) years, 95% confidence interval 8.70 -11.01. Conclusion The aortic root restitution procedures are safe and effective in general. The short and long-term outcome is satisfactory. The button technique is the first choice for reimplantation coronary patch. Valve-sparring aortic root reconstructions show promise in safety and applicability.     

Long-term results of root reconstruction using the Carrel patch.

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of annuloaortic ectasia in patients, including those with Marfan syndrome, ascending aortic dissection, and other disorders of the ascending aorta and aortic valve presents a surgical challenge that has, unfortunately, shown high hospital mortality up to now. Improvements in graft materials and advanced surgical techniques have, however, begun to reduce hospital mortality. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 47 consecutive patients who undergoing aortic root reconstruction using the Carrel patch between January 1991 and March 1999. RESULTS: Postoperative complications included myonephrotic metabolic syndrome caused by femoral artery cannulation in 2 patients. Reexploration was done to halt bleeding in 2 patients. In 1 of 4 acute dissection patients, retrograde filling of the false lumen was demonstrated postoperatively. Overall surgical mortality in this series was 2.1% (1 of 47). The cardiac-event free rate was 98% at 5 years and 88% at 8 years. Actual survival is 97.8% at 8 years. No anastomosis complications were seen during follow-up (average: 32.7 months) (about 2.73 years). CONCLUSION: Surgery is considered feasible in any anatomic variation of aortic root disease, even in coronary ostial minimal dislocation, and the Carrel patch holds hope in preventing of anastomotic pseudaneurysm and ensuring long-term survival. Our experience suggests that modified Bentall operation, or aortic root remodeling using the Carrel patch, has few late-term complications, even in Marfan patients.     

Mitral valve replacement and subsequent composite graft replacement of the aortic root for infantile Marfan syndrome.

The cardiovascular lesions commonly seen in Marfan syndrome can frequently be the primary cause of premature death. Cardiac lesions involving both the mitral valve and the aortic root are commonly observed among patients diagnosed during early infancy, as so-called infantile Marfan syndrome. Since the lesions tend to progress rapidly with the end results of high morbidity and mortality, the majority of patients require surgical intervention at a young age. However, patients who undergo surgical intervention for both lesions during the first decade of life have been rarely reported in literature. In this report, we present a case of a 9-year-old boy who underwent aortic root replacement with a composite graft at 3.5 years after a prior prosthetic valve replacement of the mitral valve. Although the immediate result was satisfactory, the long-term result remains to be seen.     

Marfan syndrome: The variability and outcome of operative management

Purpose: This study reviews the contemporary surgical outcome of 69 patients with Marfan syndrome who underwent one or more aortic operations between July 18, 1989, and April 14, 1994.Methods: During this 5-year period, 79 operations were performed including composite valve graft replacement ( n = 28) and graft replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta ( n = 29). Fifty-seven additional operations had been performed before referral, for a total of 136 aortic operations in this group. Forty-two patients (60.9%) required multiple operations; 16 patients (23.2%) underwent three or more procedures.Results: Follow-up was complete on all patients. The 30-day and long-term survival rates were 98.7% and 96.2%, respectively. Distal aortic replacement resulted in paraparesis in only one (2.6%) of 38 patients; no patient had development of paraplegia. No patient had a stroke after the use of profound hypothermic circulatory arrest.Conclusion: Aortic surgery prolongs survival in patients with Marfan syndrome and currently has low associated morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment often requires multiple staged operations. The variety and multiplicity of aortic manifestations in these patients demonstrate the necessity for lifelong cardiovascular surveillance to detect new or recurrent disease. (J VASC SURG 1995;21:432-43.)