百白破混合制剂免疫持久性研究

70~80年代末,在观察基地比较吸附DPT间隔1月、2月接种2针和未吸附DPT接种3针、2针的免疫效果和免疫持久性,经血清学效果测定表明,四组儿童基免后能产生良好的白喉、破伤风抗体应答,而接种非吸附DPT儿童的百日咳抗体产生较差。加免后,三种抗体明显上升,白喉抗体至少可持续8年,破伤风抗体可维持5年左右,而百日咳抗体仅能维持3年左右。另对吸附DPT间隔2月接种2针与未吸附DPT接种3针比较,基免后白喉、破伤风、百日咳三种抗体均以吸附DPT效果较好,加免后则无显著差异。     

百白破疫苗预防接种反应分析及处理

吸附百白破三联制剂 (DPT)是由百日咳菌苗原液、精制白喉类毒素及精制破伤风类毒素用氢氧化铝吸附制成的混合乳白色悬液。小儿出生后3个月、4个月、5个月各注射 1针 ,1岁半至 2岁加强 1针 ,7岁时再加强 1针。有资料表明 ,在儿童计划免疫接种的制品中 ,吸附百白破疫苗接种反应发     

谈谈百日破

“百白破”是百白破混合制剂(百日咳杆菌、白喉类毒素、破伤风类毒素)的简称,是我国计划免疫疫苗的一种。按照我国计划免疫工作的规定,婴儿在满3个月时即开始接种“百白破”疫苗,连续3针,间隔不少于28天,1.0毫升、1.5—2.0周岁时加强注射1针,7岁时用白喉破伤风类毒素加强注射1针。这样就可以使儿童获得百日咳、白喉、破伤风的免疫,它的保护期是:百日咳2—3年,白喉5年,破伤风10—15年。 百日咳是由百日咳杆菌所引起的急性呼吸道传染病,多见于儿童,临床上以阵发性痉挛性咳嗽,伴有间断性鸡鸣吸气性吼声。全身症状轻,并伴有淋巴细胞     

珠海市健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平调查

百日咳、白喉、破伤风是实施计划免疫预防的相应传染病，随着百白破混合制剂的广泛使用，我市百日咳、白喉的年发率下降到l／十万以下。为了解我市人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风的免疫水平，我们于1995年8月对斗门县人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平进行了调查，结果报告如下：     

江苏省健康人群百白破免疫水平和儿童免疫成功率监测

目的:了解江苏省健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫状况,评价江苏省吸附百白破三联制剂(DPT)的免疫效果。方法:用百日咳微量凝集方法、白喉间接血凝方法和破伤风间接血凝方法,进行百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平及免疫成功率监测。结果:2005年全省4个年龄组445份健康人群白喉、破伤风保护率较高,分别为79.33%、75.74%,百日咳较低为46.44%。采集免疫前免疫后标本各122份,白喉、破伤风、百日咳免疫成功率分别为98.36%、100.00%、97.57%。结论:江苏省健康人群对白喉、破伤风已经形成了较好的免疫屏障,儿童百白破基础免疫成功率较高,人群对百日咳的免疫力还有待提高,必要时可开展重点人群的强化免疫。     

接种百白破疫苗引起局部无菌脓肿反应的调查分析

接种百白破疫苗可以使接种者获得特异性免疫力,从而达到防治百日咳、白喉、破伤风的目的。但接种百白破疫苗可出现接种反应,最常见的是局部反应,其发生率较高,给预防接种工作带来一定的影响。为了观察百白破疫苗引起局部脓肿的发生情况和原因,我们于1991～2001年对接种吸附百日咳菌苗、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂(DTP)和吸附无细     

吸附百白破接种反应及处理

吸附百白破 ,是由百日咳疫苗 ,白喉和破伤风类毒素按适当比例混合配制而成 ,用于预防百日咳、白喉、破伤风。经几十年世界各地的使用证明 ,吸附百白破制剂是一种安全有效的免疫预防制剂。但是 ,吸附百白破制剂中的白喉和破伤风类毒素毕竟是一种异性蛋白成分 ,而百日咳疫苗由于其生物学性状复杂 ,对极少数儿童可能会引起或诱发某些不良反应。各种疫苗中 ,以百白破反应占多 ,该药的质量和副作用涉及到疫苗的贮存、运输、冷链的科学管理和接种人员的专业技术水平 ,哪一环节的疏忽 ,都将影响到疫苗的稳定性。因此 ,必须引起足够的重视。1　资料…     

吸附百白破混合制剂不同针次免疫效果监测报告

为了解兴化市吸附百白破混合制剂(DPT)在儿童中的接种质量和效果,确保免疫成功,进一步推动计划免疫工作的规范化管理,我们于1999年对我市3个镇的适龄儿童在接种DPT前后随机采血,进行了百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平监测,现报告如下:     

接种百白破疫苗的常见反应与处理

吸附百日咳疫苗、白喉和破伤风类毒素混合制剂称吸附百白破制剂(DPT)是世界卫生组织(WHO)扩大免疫规划规定使用的4种疫苗之一,用于预防百日咳、白喉和破伤风。DPT中的白喉和破伤风类毒素是一种异性蛋白成分,而百日咳菌苗的生物学形状也较复杂,故接种后可能对极少数人引起一些异常反应。本文对常见的DPT引起的一般反应与处理报告如下。     

2008年费县部分健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平调查

[目的]了解费县健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平,评价百白破三联制剂免疫效果,为制定免疫策略提供科学依据。[方法]2008年随机抽取费县446名健康人群进行血清百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平检测。[结果]检测446人,百日咳抗体保护率为68．39％,抗体几何平均滴度为1：306．56;白喉抗毒索均值为0．11IU／ml,保护率为77．13％;破伤风抗毒素均值为0．12IU／ml,保护率为76．01％。百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体保护率,〈15岁组分别为76．53％、84．24％、83．42％。[结论]费县15岁以下健康人群对百日咳、白喉、破伤风均有较高的免疫水平,但15岁以上人群的抗体水平明显降低。     

深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平监测

目的了解健康人群百日咳、白喉和破伤风的免疫状况。方法随机抽查部分1～40岁健康人群进行百日咳、白喉和破伤风的抗体水平监测。结果百日咳抗体几何平均滴度1:77.63,抗体保护率21.97%;白喉、破伤风抗毒素平均滴度1.33IU/ml和0.73IU/ml,阳性率99.08%和81.92%。结论对百日咳、白喉和破伤风已经形成了较好的免疫屏障,但人群百日咳抗体水平偏低,应大力推广百白破联合疫苗。     

Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34.2% (with 3 components), 34.4% (2 components), and 78.1% (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.     

Quadruple vaccines containing pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines

Quadruple vaccines (DTP-P), prepared by mixing crude adsorbed Salk poliomyelitis vaccines, heat-killed pertussis vaccines and adsorbed purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were found to be toxic for mice. However, by using purified poliomyelitis and heat-killed formalinized pertussis components, vaccines were prepared that were non-toxic. The pertussis component of these vaccines retained potency over extended periods of storage. Stable, potent DTP-P vaccines offer an excellent alternative to DTP and live poliomyelitis vaccine in the basic immunization of infants and children.     

Simultaneous vitamin A administration at routine immunization contact enhances antibody response to diphtheria vaccine in infants younger than six months

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of simultaneous vitamin A supplementation and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) vaccination on the antibody levels. Infants aged 6-17 wk (n = 56) were randomly given 15 mg oral vitamin A or placebo at the time of their DPT immunization. Three such doses were given at monthly intervals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus were assayed on enrollment and 1 mo after the third dose. Baseline antibody concentrations to diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus did not differ between the vitamin A-supplemented and placebo-treated groups. The postdose antibody to diphtheria level was significantly greater in the vitamin A than in the placebo-treated group. The geometric mean +/- SEM antibody levels (mg/L) were 22.9 +/- 1.2 and 11.0 +/- 1.3 in the vitamin A and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.029). The postsupplementation concentrations of antibodies to pertussis and tetanus did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest that antibody response to diphtheria vaccination was potentiated by simultaneous vitamin A administration and DPT immunization.     

成都市新生儿百日咳、白喉、破伤风胎传抗体水平调查

目的了解成都市新生儿百日咳、白喉、破伤风胎传抗体的水平及其变化情况。方法在4个区县对142名新生儿的脐血进行百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平调查。结果百日咳抗体达到保护水平的率为1.41%,明显低于1988年的抗体水平(χ2=5.80,P0.05);白喉、破伤风抗毒素平均滴度为0.3750和0.3537,其抗体达到保护水平的率分别为48.59%和52.11%,明显高于1988年的抗体水平(χ2=25.29,P0.05;χ2=63.49,P0.05)。结论该市新生儿百日咳、白喉、破伤风胎传抗体水平达不到有效的保护,应重视新生儿父母、与年龄较小儿童接触和其他适合接种白破疫苗的成人的免疫接种,以保护新生儿免受此类疾病的感染。     

Comparison of inflation of third dose diphtheria tetanus pertussis (DTP3) administrative coverage to other vaccine antigens

Third dose diphtheria tetanus pertussis (DTP3) administrative coverage is a commonly used indicator for immunization program performance, although studies have demonstrated data quality issues with administrative DTP3 coverage. It is possible that administrative coverage for DTP3 may be inflated more than for other antigens. To examine this, theory, we compiled immunization coverage estimates from recent country surveys (n = 71) and paired these with corresponding administrative coverage estimates, by country and cohort year, for DTP3 and 4 other antigens. Median administrative coverage was higher than survey estimates of coverage for all antigens (median differences from 26 to 30%), however this difference was similar for DTP3 as for all other antigens. These findings were consistent when countries were stratified by income level and eligibility for Gavi funding. Our findings demonstrate that while country administrative coverage estimates tend to be higher than survey estimates, DTP3 administrative coverage is not inflated more than other antigens.     

湖北省2009年健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平监测分析

目的:为了解湖北省2009年健康人群血清中百日咳、白喉和破伤风抗体水平,抽样评价预防接种质量。方法:分七个年龄组抽取黄冈地区、咸宁地区、宜昌市和十堰市四个地区部分健康人群,采用间接ELISA法(定量)检测健康人群血清中百日咳、白喉、破伤风IgG抗体水平。结果:四个地区健康人群中,百日咳、白喉、破伤风IgG抗体阳性率分别为34.5%5、9.3%和62.2%。结论:湖北省四个地区健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体保护率比较低,提示我们要扩大接种覆盖率,提高冷链运转效率和疫苗接种质量。     

Immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine in adults

Two clinical studies were undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity of an adult-type dTpa booster vaccine (Boostrix by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals). Blood samples taken prior to vaccination showed that 24.4 and 13.0% of subjects were seronegative for diphtheria and tetanus antibodies, respectively. Moreover, about one-third of the vaccinees had no detectable levels of antibodies to pertussis toxoid (PT) or pertactin (PRN). One month post-vaccination, more than 93% of all individuals, regardless of age or type of vaccine received, had seroprotective antibody levels for diphtheria and tetanus (> or = 0.1IU/ml). In those individuals vaccinated with the adult-type dTpa vaccine (Boostrix), more than 98% were found to be seropositive for antibodies to all three pertussis antigens (PT, filamentous haemogluttin (FHA), and PRN). These data suggest that immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) in adults wanes and that booster vaccination with an adult-type combined dTpa vaccine would boost the serological response to diphtheria antitoxin, tetanus antitoxin and antibodies to Bordetella pertussis PT, FHA and PRN.     

2010年白山市健康人群百日咳、白喉及破伤风IgG抗体水平监测

目的了解白山市健康人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风血清抗体水平。方法在全市6个县(市、区)采取随机抽样的方法抽取八道江区,对0～1岁、1～2岁、3～4岁、5～6岁、7～14岁、15～19岁、﹥20岁7个年龄组的健康人群进行抗体水平监测。结果百日咳IgG抗体阳性率为80.0%,白喉IgG抗体阳性率为68.10%,新生儿破伤风IgG抗体阳性率为49.52%。不同年龄组人群百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论在进一步提高常规免疫接种率的基础上,加强人群免疫水平监测,考虑对成人进行加强免疫[1]。