不扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折延迟愈合不愈合

<正> 胫骨干骨折不愈合是常见的骨折后期并发症,治疗方法有多种。1998年以来我院对24例胫骨骨折不愈合患者采用不扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗,术后随访11～24月,疗效满意。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料:本组24例,男性16例,女性8例,年龄18～51岁,平均31岁。粉碎性多段骨折4例,不稳定骨折20例,     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合

目的：总结使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的临床经验。方法：回顾自1999年4月2001年6月徼髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合病人21例，其中股骨8例，胫骨13例，钢板固定术后，股骨3例，胫骨6例。普通髓内针股骨5例。外固定架胫骨2例。石膏固定胫骨3例，骨牵引股骨2例。均采用有限切口切开复位顺行扩髓，静力锁定加植骨术。结果：随访半年以上18例，骨折均愈合，临近关节功能达正常。无感染、断钉等并发症。结论：采用有限切口切开复位、扩髓、静力锁定治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合，具有骨折稳定性可靠、有利于骨折愈合和早期关节省魂优点，是治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的有效方法之一。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合

目的：探讨使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨骨折不愈合的临床治疗效果。方法：回顾本院自2000年1月～2003年6月应用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合病人38例。其中钢板固定术后21例，普通髓内针8例，石膏固定6例，外固定架3例。均采用有限切口切开复位并扩髓，静力锁定加植骨术。结果：平均髓访时间18．5个月(7～30个月)。骨折均愈合，骨折愈合时间3．5～13．5个月，平均5．5个月。临近关节功能较术前明显改善，无感染、断钉等并发症。结论：扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合，具有稳定性可靠、利于骨折愈合及早期关节活动的优点，是治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合的有效方法之一。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合

目的　总结使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的临床经验。方法　回顾自 1999年 4月～2 0 0 1年 6月使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合病人 2 1例 ,其中股骨 8例 ,胫骨 13例 ,钢板固定术后 ,股骨 3例 ,胫骨 6例。普通髓内针股骨 5例。外固定架胫骨 2例。石膏固定胫骨 3例 ,骨牵引股骨 2例。均采用有限切口切开复位顺行扩髓 ,静力锁定加植骨术。结果　随访半年以上 18例 ,骨折均愈合 ,临近关节功能达正常。无感染、断钉等并发症。结论　采用有限切口切开复位、扩髓、静力锁定治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合 ,具有骨折稳定性可靠、有利于骨折愈合和早期关节活动的优点 ,是治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的有效方法之一。     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合

目的:探讨使用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨骨折不愈合的临床治疗效果.方法:回顾本院自2000年1月～2003年6月应用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合病人38例.其中钢板固定术后21例,普通髓内针8例,石膏固定6例,外固定架3例.均采用有限切口切开复位并扩髓,静力锁定加植骨术.结果:平均髓访时间18.5个月(7～30个月).骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间3.5～13.5个月,平均5.5个月.临近关节功能较术前明显改善,无感染、断钉等并发症.结论:扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合,具有稳定性可靠、利于骨折愈合及早期关节活动的优点,是治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合的有效方法之一.     

扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨干骨折不愈合

1999年3月～2003年6月,我院应用扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗无菌性胫骨干骨折不愈合32例,疗效满意。     

带锁髓内钉治疗长管状骨骨折发生骨延迟愈合及不愈合的临床探讨

目的探讨带锁髓内钉治疗长管状骨骨折发生骨延迟愈合及不愈合的原因及治疗方法。方法对自2003年1月～2004年5月就诊于我院的4例长管状骨骨折行带锁髓内钉固定术后骨延迟愈合及不愈合的患者进行观察、治疗。结果4例患者分别接受了髓内钉摘除、清理断面、再复位钢板螺钉固定及变静力为动力、植骨等方法治疗，平均随访半年，全部愈合，功能良好。结论带锁髓内钉治疗长管状骨骨折最常见的并发症是断钉、骨延迟愈合及不愈合，因此对技术操作的要求及后期的功能锻炼应特别注意。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合

了解成人股骨干折不愈合延迟愈合的原因，分析带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合的优缺点。复习我院应用带锁髓内钉治疗成人股骨干骨折不愈合，延迟愈合共２２例，所有国随访半年以上。３全国产钉主钉折断，经再次带锁髓内固定后愈合，其余全部一次愈合。     

带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折骨不连

胫骨骨折骨不连大多需手术植骨。 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 2月 ,我院应用带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折骨不连14例 ,疗效满意。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 14例 ,男 9例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 18～ 5 7岁。致伤原因 :车祸伤 7例 ,砸压伤 4例 ,摔伤 3例。伤后首次治疗在本院 8例 ,外院 6例。首次治疗措施 :切开复位钢板内固定10例 ,矩形髓内钉内固定 2例 ,跟骨牵引手法复位石膏夹板外固定 2例。所有患者均符合骨不连诊断标准〔1〕。Ｘ线片表现 :硬化型骨不连 11例 ,萎缩型骨不连 3例。手术应用ＡＯ带锁髓内钉 3例 ,国产带锁髓内钉 11例。1.2　手术…     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合

了解成人股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合的原因,分析带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折不愈合延迟愈合的优缺点。复习我院应用带锁髓内钉治疗成人股骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合共22例。所有病历随访半年以上。有3例国产钉主钉折断,经再次带锁髓内钉固定后愈合,其余全部一次愈合。平均愈合时间6.2个月。股骨干骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的原因:①手术适应证选择不当,内固定物应用不当。②钢板的应力遮挡作用。带锁髓内钉治疗成人陈旧股骨干骨折有以下优势:①带锁髓内钉通过股骨中轴线固定,骨折远近端均可安装锁钉,提供骨折愈合所需要的稳定。②负重时骨折端均匀的承受轴向压应力,克服了应力遮挡作用。③闭合穿钉对组织损伤小。④手术中扩大髓腔,生物刺激效应利于骨痂生长,扩髓时产生的骨屑是良好的植骨材料。     

Treatment of infected nonunion and delayed union of tibia fractures with locking intramedullary nails

Treatment of infected nonunion of tibial fractures has focused on irradicating infection before attempting to secure union. To secure union in the presence of infection in cases not amenable to conventional treatment, intramedullary nailing combined with open wound management was the treatment in 19 fractures of infected tibial nonunions in 18 patients. Eighteen fractures united. Drainage lessened or ceased after union of fractures and/or removal of nails. Only three cases had bone grafts. All were initially Type III open fractures. The majority occurred in motorcycle accidents. Time to union averaged 6.6 months (range, three to 14 months). Fourteen cases (15 tibias) healed without further drainage; four had minimal but persistent drainage. In properly selected cases, the treatment was safe and effective.     

Health outcomes of delayed union and nonunion of femoral and tibial shaft fractures

Introduction

Knowledge about the functional consequences of lower limb long bone fractures is helpful to inform patients, clinicians and employers about their recovery process and prognosis. This study aims to describe the epidemiology and health outcomes of femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated at two level I trauma centres, by comparing the differences between patients with delayed union or nonunion and patients with union.

Patients and methods

An analysis of registry data over two years, supplemented with medical record review, was conducted. Fracture healing was retrospectively assessed by clinical and radiological evidence of union, and the need for surgical intervention. SF-12 scores, and work and pain status were prospectively recorded at six and twelve months post injury.

Results

285 fractures progressed to union and 138 fractures developed delayed union or nonunion. There was a significant difference between the two cohorts with regards to the mechanism of injury, association with multi-trauma, open fractures, grade of Gustilo classification, patient fund source, smoking status and presence of comorbidities. The SF-12 physical component score was less than 50 at both six and twelve months with improvement in the union group, but not in the delayed union or nonunion group. 72% of patients with union had returned to work at one year, but 54% continued to have pain. The difference compared to patients with delayed union or nonunion was significant.

Discussion

Even patients whose fractures unite in the expectant time-frame will have residual physical disability. Patients with delayed union or nonunion have still poorer outcomes, including ongoing problems with returning to work and pain. It is important to educate patients about their injury so that they have realistic expectations. This is particularly relevant given that the patients most likely to sustain femoral or tibial shaft fractures are working-age healthy adults, and up to a third of fractures may develop delayed union or nonunion.

Conclusion

Despite modern treatment, the patient-reported outcomes of lower limb long bone shaft fractures do not return to normal at one year. Patients with delayed union or nonunion can expect poorer outcomes.     

Percutaneous bone grafting for nonunion and delayed union of fractures of the tibial shaft

Summary Percutaneous bone grafting with a specially devised milling cutter was used in 21 patients with nonunion or delayed union of fractures of the tibial shaft. Union was obtained in 18. The technique is safe, simple and can be done under local anaesthesia.

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Résumé Une technique simple de greffe osseuse percutanée utilisant une tréfine spéciale pour le traitement des retards de consolidation et pseudarthrose de la diaphyse tibiale est décrite. Vingt et un patients ont été traités par cette méthode et la consolidation a été obtenue chez 18 d'entre-eux. La technique est simple, sans danger et peut être utilisée sous anesthésie locale.

     

Bone-grafts in the treatment of delayed union of tibial shaft fractures

1.

1. Delayed union is an affliction of young males who have sustained a severe injury.     

Treatment of tibial shaft fractures by intramedullary locking nailing]

Authors analyzed consecutive series of 56 tibial shaft fractures (43 men and 13 women) treated by intramedullary locking nails in years 1993-2004. Age of patients ranged from 17 to 83 years (mean 38 years). The final result was analyzed in 51 patients (91%). The bone union was observed in 50 patients. Fractures united within 6 months in 45 patients (88%), between 8 and 15 months in 5 patients. Operative treatment of non-union was necessary in one patient. The fractures united in anatomical axis in 45 cases, small (less than 10 degrees) valgus deviation was noticed in four patients, whereas five patients with fractures localized in distal part of the tibia had 11-30 degrees valgus deviation. The limb length inequality more than 1 cm was noticed in one case. There was neither infection nor compartment syndrome. One patient died because of fatal pulmonary embolism.     

股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后骨折不愈合及延迟愈合原因分析及手术治疗

背景:带锁髓内钉固定作为股骨干骨折治疗的首选方法具有诸多优点,但术后仍存在一定程度的骨折不愈合率,同时对于术后骨折不愈合的处理尚无统一标准。目的:探讨股骨干骨折带锁髓内钉固定术后出现骨折不愈合及延迟愈合的原因,以及再次手术治疗的方法和疗效。方法:2005年1月至2011年12月共收治股骨干骨折带锁髓内钉固定术后骨折不愈合及延迟愈合22例,男13例,女9例;年龄18～66岁,平均41.5岁;骨折不愈合19例,延迟愈合3例。汇总骨折分型、手术方法及影像学资料特征等资料,分析造成骨折不愈合及延迟愈合的原因,并随访再次手术后的效果。结果:22例患者中切开复位11例;钢丝环扎3例;术后骨折间隙>10mm8例;髓内钉过细或过短3例;出现深部感染2例;伴随有糖尿病等慢性消耗性疾病6例。19例骨折不愈合患者进行再次手术治疗,包括骨折端清理、自体髂骨松质骨植骨、附加或更换内固定物稳定骨折端等,术后随访6～28个月,平均13.2个月,骨折愈合时间3～8个月,平均4.2个月,3例延迟愈合病例经7～13个月观察均获得骨性愈合。结论:股骨干骨折带锁髓内钉固定术后骨折不愈合及延迟愈合的原因既有自身因素,又存在手术干预过程的力学、生物学因素。骨折不愈合病例应根据其出现的原因及特点制定适当的手术方案,再次术后治疗效果满意。     

Autologous platelet gel for delayed union of tibial shaft treated with intramedullary nailing

Early recognition of a potential nonunion followed by early intervention reduces the ultimate time to union, and lessens the frustration for both patient and surgeon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with autologous platelet gel (PG), rich in growth factors, in the treatment of delayed unions of tibial shaft fractures treated with locked intramedullary nailing. We treated 15 atrophic delayed unions of unstable tibial shaft fractures, stabilized with locked intramedullary nail. The mean time between the acute treatment of the fracture and PG application was 151 days. PG was injected into the site of unhealed fracture during closed surgery. The planned treatment programme was 3 radio-guided applications of PG at intervals of 3–4 weeks. Clinical and radiological evaluations 2, 4 and 6 months after the first application of PG showed gradual improvement of the clinical picture and progressive formation of bone callus. In almost all cases there were clinical and radiological improvements and it was possible to remove the synthesis aid an average of 12 months after the start of the therapeutic programme.     

Grosse-Kempf髓内交锁钉治疗股骨干骨折延迟愈合及骨不连

目的探讨ＧｒｏｓｅＫｅｍｐｆ髓内交锁钉（ＧＫ钉）治疗普通髓内钉或加压钢板固定股骨干骨折失败的延迟愈合或骨不连的疗效。方法采用ＧＫ钉治疗股骨干骨折延迟愈合及骨不连１２例。结果随访１１例,随访时间平均１１个月,骨折均达骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为５５个月。结论ＧＫ钉除具有普通髓内钉的优点外,还可以有效防止骨折旋转,固定牢靠。     

Success of exchange reamed intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft nonunion or delayed union

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the success of exchange reamed femoral nailing in the treatment of femoral nonunion after intramedullary (IM) nailing, and to analyze factors that may contribute to failure of exchange reamed femoral nailing. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive clinical series. SETTING: Level I trauma center and tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-three patients were identified whose radiographs failed to show progression of healing for four months after treatment with a reamed IM femoral nail. Nineteen patients had undergone primary IM nailing of an acute femoral shaft fracture, one patient had been converted to an IM nail after initially being treated in an external fixator, and three patients had previously undergone an unsuccessful exchange reamed nailing. INTERVENTION: All patients were treated by exchange reamed femoral nailing. The diameter of the new nail was one to three millimeters larger than that of the previous nail (the majority were two millimeters larger). The intramedullary canal was overreamed by one millimeter more than the diameter of the nail. Most of the nails were statically locked, and care was taken to avoid distraction of the nonunion site by reverse impaction after distal interlocking was performed or by applying compression with a femoral distractor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Radiographic evaluation of union was determined by the presence of healing on at least three of four cortices. Factors reviewed included the patient's age, smoking history, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, whether the initial fracture was open or closed, the pattern and location of the fracture, the type of nonunion, the increase in nail diameter, whether the nail was dynamically or statically locked, and the results of any intraoperative cultures. RESULTS: Tobacco use was found to have a detrimental impact on the success of exchange reamed nailing. All eight of the nonsmokers healed after exchange reamed nailing, whereas only ten of the fifteen smokers (66.7 percent) healed after exchange reamed nailing. Overall, exchange reamed femoral nailing was successful in eighteen cases (78.3 percent). Three patients achieved union with additional procedures. Intramedullary cultures were positive in five cases; all of these achieved successful union. CONCLUSIONS: Exchange reamed nailing remains the treatment of choice for most femoral diaphyseal nonunions. Exchange reamed IM nailing has low morbidity, may obviate the need for additional bone grafting, and allows full weight-bearing and active rehabilitation. Tobacco use appears to have an adverse effect on nonunion healing after exchange reamed femoral nailing.     

Orthofix交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折骨不连

交锁髓内钉可以非常有效地治疗股骨干骨折骨不连 ,具有操作简单、固定牢靠、骨折愈合率高、并发症少等优点。我院自 1999年 5月开始使用Ｏｒｔｈｏｆｉｘ交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折骨不连 198例 ,疗效满意。1　临床资料本组 198例患者 ,都是由于内固定失效造成骨不连。其中男 15 1例 ,女 4 7例 ;年龄最大 5 8岁 ,最小 2 1岁 ,平均 4 1岁。内固定折断情况 :钢板 10 1例 ,Ⅴ型针 13例 ,梅花针 6 4例 ,钢丝 2 0例。2　手术方法麻醉后患者仰卧位 ,视骨折端位置考虑使用无菌止血带。同侧髂骨开窗取骨块备用。为减少病人的损伤 ,按原手术切口进入骨…