Application of non-small cell lung cancer pleural effusion cell blocks in molecular pathological detection

Objective： The tumor tissues used in molecular pathological detection were usually obtain,ed by surgery, which would cause trauma and may not be suitable for the terminal cancer patients. This paper evaluated the value of the non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） pleural effusion cell blocks as tumor tissues replacement materials in the application of molecular pathological detection. Methods： Tumor cells were made into cell blocks through stratified centrifugal from 30 NSCLC pa- tients with the pleural effusion. The immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and gene sequencing methods were employed in our experiments. Results： The tumor cells of cell block section were rich and could keep part of histological structure. Immunohistochemistry staining could assist diagnosis and tumor parting. Epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） FISH-positive was found in 33.33% of the group, high polysomy in 6 cases, amplification in 4 cases. EGFR gene mutations were found in 8 cases of 30 samples, with an incidence of 26.67%, 6 cases were detected in the exon 19, and 2 cases were detected in the exon 21. Conclusion： The NSCLC pleural effusion cell blocks are useful for the diagnosis and determining the primary source of tumor, instructed targeted therapy.     

The predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor and Ki-67 expression on neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer

Objective： To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （Ki-67） in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and their associations with neoadjuvant therapy. Methods： The expressions of Ki-67 and VEGF in 32 cases of rectal adenocarcinoma, including both pretreatment tumor biopsies and postoperative specimen, were detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies, and were correlated with clinicopathological factors. Results： The intensity of VEGF staining was significantly correlated with lymph nodal metastasis （P =0.033）, depth of tumor invasion （P =0.007） and tumor stage （P= 0.016）, but not with histological types, tumor sizes, patients＇ ages and genders （P 〉 0.05）. Low level of VEGF expression had significant correlation with the high sensitivity of response to neoadjuvant therapy （P = 0.016）. The transient increase of VEGF expression could be seen after neoadjuvant therapy （P = 0.035）. Ki-67 labeling index （Ki-67-LI） was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis （P = 0.028）, but not correlated to tumor sizes, patients＇ ages and genders （P 〉 0.05）. Tumors with lower Ki-67-LI were more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy （P = 0.032）. The Ki-67 level decreased after neoadjuvant therapy, but no statistical significance was found （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Our results demonstrate that the expression of VEGF and Ki-67 in pretreatment rectal adenocarcinoma biopsies may be predictive of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy.     

Effects of antisense oligonucleotides targeting VEGF on radio sensitivity of uterine cervix cancer Hela cells

Objective： To determine the impact of antisense oligonucleotides targeting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） on radiosensitivity of uterine cervix cancer Hela cells. Methods： VEGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides （ASODN） was transfected into Hela cells by liposome-mediated method. Cells transfected with the oligodeoxynuclecotide and saline were used as control groups. Cells were irradiated by 6 MV X ray at the dose of 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy respectively. The expression of VEGF mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Apoptosis were evaluated using FCM. Cloning efficiency was determined by colony formation assay. Results： The expression of VEGF mRNAwas inhibited by ASODN （P 〈 0.01） in Hela cells. The inhibited activation which was influenced by radiation resulted in increasing apoptosis （P 〈 0.01） and inhibiting plating efficiency （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The expression of VEGF induced by X irradiation in Hela cells can be blocked by VEGF ASODN. Treatment with VEGF might increase apoptosis in HeLa cells and enhance radiosensitivity.     

Effect of grape proanthocyanidins on tumor growth and angiogenesis in H22 liver cancer xenograft mode

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grape proanthocyanidins （GPC） on the growth and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells xenograft in mice. Methods： The xenograft model was established using injected subcutaneously H22 cells into the right axilla of the mice. Each group was treated with different doses of GPC and Endostar. All these treatments were maintained for 10 days, and mice were sacrificed. The xenograft tumors in mice were measured. The proliferation activity level of H22 cells was determined by MTT assay, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results： When treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of GPC and Endostar, the tumor inhibition rates were 13.17%, 23.37%, 36.15% and 14.71%, respectively. The tumor weight of xenograft was significantly lighter in high GPC group than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The ODs in GPC groups were 0.835, 0.666 and 0.519, respectively. The absorbances in middle and high GPC groups were statistically significant, compared with control group （P 〈 0.01）. Immunohistochemical technique showed the expression of VEGF of the GPC groups was down- regulated significantly compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： GPC can inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft in mice. The inhibition of angiogenesis by the down-regulation of VEGF expression may play a key role in the anti-neoplastic effect of GPC.     

Neoadjuvant intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the role of preoperative neoadjuvant intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy （NAIC） in treating locally advanced cervical caner. Methods： Nineteen locally advanced cervical cancer （LACC） patients from November 2003 to November 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. NAIC was administrated 2 courses every 2 weeks using a combination of 30 mg/m^2 bleomycin and 50 mg/m^2 cisplatin via bilateral femur artedes. The response to NAIC was assessed by pelvic examination and imaging diagnostics and histological analysis. Two weeks after NAIC radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. Results： Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed in 18 patients successfully. The mean tumor reduction rate was 73.04%. The overall clinical response rate of NAIC was 84.2% with 2 complete responses and 16 partial responses. Only 1 nonresponder. Six of 7 cases who had parametrial infiltration had a absence after chemotherapy, no significant change was observed in 1 case who followed by radiotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that tumor volume prior to treatment was determining factor affecting the efficacy of NAIC in LACC. Conclusion： pre-operative NAIC inhibited the growth of LACC, minimized the size, eliminate effectively the pathologic dsk factors in the pelvic cavity, to improve the operability in cervical cancer patients with stage lib or above, considered inoperable.     

Relationship between expression of ER,PR, Her-2, Ki-67 and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in breast cancer

Objective： The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of estrogen receptor （ER）, progestogen receptor （PR）, human epidermal growth factor receptor （Her-2）, Ki-67 and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods： The expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 in 45 breast cancers which received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results： The effective rates in ER negative and PR negative groups were higher than those in ER positive and PR positive groups （83.3% vs 59. 4%, 82.4% vs 60.6%）. There was no significant difference of the effective rate between Her-2 overexpressed group and Her-2 non-overexpressed group （81.8% vs 64.1%）, and the same thing happened between Ki-67 negative group and Ki-67 positive group （67.7% vs 63.2%）. Conclusion： In the patients with breast cancer, ER, PR negative ones were more sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients may get more benefits from chemotherapy. ER, PR could be feasible markers for predicting the effective rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

Clinical study of docetaxel combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective： The aim of this study was to study the short-term curative effects and adverse reactions of docetaxel （DOC） in concurrent chemoradiotherapy compared to DDP plus 5-Fu （DF） combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods： Thirty-three patients in the experimental group （DOC group） were given DOC 25 mg/m2 ivgtt, dl, 7 times, concurrent radiotherapy was performed from dl. Thirty-three patients in the control group （DF group） were given cisplatin 25 mg/@ivgtt dl-3 and 5-Fu 550 mg/m2iv, dl-5, 3 weeks a cycle, 2 cycles, and concurrent radiotherapy was performed from dl. Six MV X-ray and 9 MeV electronic line for external irradiation were adopted in concur- rent radiotherapy. Results： The response rates of DOC group and DF group were 90.9% and 93.9%, the rates of neutropenia were 45.45% and 67.74%, and the rates of oral mucositis were 60.61% and 90.32%. Conclusion： The difference of short- term curative effects between DOC group and DF group was not statistically significant in patients with advanced nasopha- ryngeal carcinoma. The rates of adverse reactions were lower in DOC group. DOC combined with concurrent radiotherapy could be a new choice for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.