Mucinous biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma: Expressions of CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and cystic fluid

a case of mucinous biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma (CMS tumor) in a 64-year-old woman is reported. The patient presented with acute abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the upper abdomen. Computed tomography and abdominal sonography showed characteristic multilocular cysts in the left lobe of the liver. Serum CA 19-9 was elevated to 108 U/ml with normal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The levels of CA 19-9 and CEA in the cystic fluid were high at 7430 U/ml and 576ng/ml, respectively. The serum CA 19-9 returned to 35 U/ml 4 weeks after tumor resection. These corresponding findings of both tumor markers in the serum and cystic fluid imply that (1) CA 19-9 and CEA both exist in the epithelial component of CMS tumors as evidenced by immunohistochemical stain, (2) serum CA 19-9 is a valuable marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of CMS, and (3) in cystic fluid, there are more significantly high levels of CA 19-9 in CMS compared with levels in simple cyst and polycystic liver disease. Therefore, measurement of CA 19-9 in cystic fluid and serum may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of hepatic cystic lesions.     

联合CA19-9、CA125和CEA检测在AFP阴性的ICC鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨血清癌抗原19-9（CA19-9）、癌抗原125（CA125）和癌胚抗原（CEA）联合检测在甲胎蛋白（AFP）阴性的肝内胆管细胞癌（ICC）患者诊断中的价值。方法2014年6月~2016年6月我院收治的ICC患者60例,根据AFP检测结果,将其分为AFP阴性组和AFP阳性组,每组分别为30例。采用微阵列酶联免疫分析法（Array-ELISA）检测血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）分别对各标记物及联合检测诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率进行评估。结果30例AFP阴性组血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA水平分别为138.8（85.7~185.1）U/ml、109.6（48.4~201.8）U/ml、11.2（17.5~21.9）ng/ml,均显著高于AFP阳性组的【（38.0（16.9~75.5）U/ml、18.1（9.3~48.1）U/ml、5.5（3.1~8.5）ng/ml）,P<0.01】;两组血清肿瘤标志物诊断ICC的ROC曲线下面积均呈现出CA19-9>CA125>CEA的趋势,在AFP阴性组,各单项诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.85、0.83和0.81,显著高于AFP阳性组的【（0.55、0.45和0.42）,P<0.05】;在单项诊断ICC时,血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA的最佳临床诊断截断点分别为124.89 U/ml、96.04 U/ml和11.97 ng/ml;血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA诊断ICC的灵敏度、特异度和正确率分别为（73.33%、76.67%和71.67%）、（66.67%、70.00%和68.33%）和（60.00%、70.00%和65.00%）,以CA19-9检测诊断的效能最高;两组联合检测诊断的ROC曲线下面积均高于单项指标检测的ROC曲线下面积,且都表现为（CA19-9/CA125/CEA）>（CA19-9/CA125）>（CA19-9/CEA）>（CA125/CEA）,在AFP阴性组,各联合检测诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.94、0.88、0.86和0.85 ,显著高于在AFP阳性组的【（0.74、0.62、0.58和0.52）,P<0.05】;（CA19-9/CA125/CEA）、（CA19-9/CA125）、（CA19-9/CEA）和（CA125/CEA）四种联合检测诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率均提高,分别为（90.00%、90.00%和90.00%）、（83.33%、83.33%和81.67%）、（76.67%、83.33%和80.00%）和（70.00%、76.67%和73.33%）,以CA19-9/CA125/CEA联合检测诊断效能最高。结论我们认为,血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA联合检测可提高对AFP阴性ICC患者诊断的正确率,需要临床扩大验证。     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in association with serum biomarkers for differentiating combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUNDCombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare type of primary liver cancer. Due to its complex histopathological characteristics, the imaging features of CHC can overlap with those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).AIMTo investigate the possibility and efficacy of differentiating CHC from HCC and ICC by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and tumor biomarkers.METHODSBetween January 2016 and December 2019, patients with histologically confirmed CHC, ICC and HCC with chronic liver disease were enrolled. The diagnostic formula for CHC was as follows: (1) LR-5 or LR-M with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9); (2) LR-M with elevated AFP and normal CA19-9; or (3) LR-5 with elevated CA19-9 and normal AFP. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to determine the diagnostic value of the criteria.RESULTSAfter propensity score matching, 134 patients (mean age of 51.4 ± 9.4 years, 108 men) were enrolled, including 35 CHC, 29 ICC and 70 HCC patients. Based on CEUS LI-RADS classification, 74.3% (26/35) and 25.7% (9/35) of CHC lesions were assessed as LR-M and LR-5, respectively. The rates of elevated AFP and CA19-9 in CHC patients were 51.4% and 11.4%, respectively, and simultaneous elevations of AFP and CA19-9 were found in 8.6% (3/35) of CHC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the aforementioned diagnostic criteria for discriminating CHC from HCC and ICC were 40.0%, 89.9%, 58.3%, 80.9%, 76.9% and 0.649, respectively. When considering the reported prevalence of CHC (0.4%-14.2%), the positive predictive value and NPV were revised to 1.6%-39.6% and 90.1%-99.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONCHCs are more likely to be classified as LR-M than LR-5 by CEUS LI-RADS. The combination of the CEUS LI-RADS classification with serum tumor markers shows high specificity but low sensitivity for the diagnosis of CHC. Moreover, CHC could be confidently excluded with high NPV.     

Clinicopathologic characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with positive serum a-fetoprotein

AIM：To explore clinicopathologic characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） in patients with positive serum a-fetoprotein （AFP）. METHODS：One hundred and thirty one patients who underwent surgical dissection for pathologically confirmed ICC were divided into a positive AFP （〉 20 ng/mL） group （n = 32） and a negative AFP group （n = 99）, whose clinicopathologic features were analyzed and compared. RESULTS：The positive rate of HBsAg and liver cirrhosis of the positive AFP group was higher than that of the negative AFP group, while the positive rate of CA19-9 （〉 37 U/mL） and the lymph node metastasis rate was lower. CONCLUSION：ICC patients with positive AFP share many clinicopathologic similarities with hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Carbohydrate 19-9 antigen as a marker of non-malignant hepatocytic ductular transformation in patients with acute liver failure. A comparison with alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen.

BACKGROUND: We have observed increased serum tumor markers, especially carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels, in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) being evaluated for liver transplantation, raising the question of potential malignancy. In chronic liver disease increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may be a sign of liver regeneration, but little is known of these markers in ALF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of overexpression of tumor markers in patients with non-malignant ALF. METHODS: The serum AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 19-9 levels were compared with the liver function tests in 33 patients with acute liver failure and in 78 patients with chronic non-malignant liver disease being evaluated for liver transplantation. Immunohistochemical stainings of the tumor markers were performed on explanted liver specimens. RESULTS: The AFP (1-218 U/ml) and CA 19-9 (10-6520 U/ml) levels were significantly higher in the patients with ALF than in the patients with chronic liver disease (P < 0.01). The AFP and CA 19-9 values also correlated with the total serum bilirubin level. In the patients with ALF the immunohistochemical staining for CA 19-9 was highly positive in periportal transformed ductular hepatocytes and correlated positively with the serum CA 19-9 values (P < 0.001). The stainings for AFP or CEA showed no or only slight positivity in the patients with increased serum values of the tumor markers. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ALF increased serum levels of CA 19-9 reflect the amount of transformed ductular hepatocytes without any evidence of malignancy. Increased CA 19-9 values should not be the cause of delay when an ALF patient needs an urgent liver transplantation.     

Carbohydrate 19-9 Antigen as a Marker of Non-Malignant Hepatocytic Ductular Transformation in Patients with Acute Liver Failure: A Comparison with Alpha-Fetoprotein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Background: We have observed increased serum tumor markers, especially carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels, in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) being evaluated for liver transplantation, raising the question of potential malignancy. In chronic liver disease increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) may be a sign of liver regeneration, but little is known of these markers in ALF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of overexpression of tumor markers in patients with non-malignant ALF. Methods: The serum AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 19-9 levels were compared with the liver function tests in 33 patients with acute liver failure and in 78 patients with chronic non-malignant liver disease being evaluated for liver transplantation. Immunohistochemical stainings of the tumor markers were performed on explanted liver specimens. Results: The AFP (1-218 U/ml) and CA 19-9 (10-6520 U/ml) levels were significantly higher in the patients with ALF than in the patients with chronic liver disease (P &lt; 0.01). The AFP and CA 19-9 values also correlated with the total serm bilirubin level. In the patients with ALF the immunohistochemical staining for CA 19-9 was highly positive in periportal transformed ductular hepatocytes and correlated positively with the serum CA 19-9 values (P &lt; 0.001). The stainings for AFP or CEA showed no or only slight positivity in the patients with increased serum values of the tumor markers. Conclusions: In patients with ALF increased serum levels of CA 19-9 reflect the amount of transformed ductular hepatocytes without any evidence of malignancy. Increased CA 19-9 values should not be the cause of delay when an ALF patient needs an urgent liver transplantation.     

Alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9-producing gallbladder cancer

We report a rare case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9-producing gallbladder cancer with high levels of CA125 and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA II). A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer with metastases to the liver, based on ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showing multiple tumorous lesions in the liver and a thickened gallbladder wall. Laboratory data showed high levels of tumor markers: 4647.4 ng/ml AFP, 9987.1 ng/ml CEA, 11704.0 U/ml CA19-9, 847.6 U/ml CA125, and 0.2 AU/ml PIVKA II. AFP in the present case showed an increase in Concanavalin A-nonbinding fraction and an increase inLens culinaris lectin-binding fraction by affinity column chromatography. The patient died of hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed gallbladder cancer consisting of papillary adenocarcinoma and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. By immunohistochemical staining, AFP was detected in the papillary adenocarcinoma portion of the primary focus and metastatic tumor cells in the liver, but was not detected in noncancerous liver tissue. CEA and CA19-9 were detected mainly in the tubular adenocarcinoma portion.     

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with increased serum CYFRA 21-1 level

CYFRA 21-1 is a fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CK 19). Four patients with large intrahepatic (or peripheral) cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and high serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 (normal, ≤2 ng/ml) are reported. CYFRA 21-1 levels exceeded 9 ng/ml in all 4 patients. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), was high in 1 (CEA; normal range, ≤5.0 ng/ml) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was high in 3 (CA19-9; normal range, ≤36 U/ml). We also measured serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 in 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) more than 5 cm in diameter. Levels of CYFRA 21-1 exceeded 2 ng/ml in 9 of the HCC patients and were higher than 9 ng/ml in 2 of the HCC patients. Levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and/or protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA II) were elevated in all HCC patients (AFP, PIVKA II, respectively; normal range, ≤10.0 ng/ml and ≤0.1 AU/ml) CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured twice or three times during the clinical course in 2 CC patients and in 6 HCC patients, and increased gradually with tumor growth in the 2 CC patients and in 3 of the 6 HCC patients. Marked increases in serum CYFRA 21-1 levels in patients with large liver cancers, particularly in those with normal levels of AFP and PIVKA II, would suggest the existence of intrahepatic CC rather than HCC. (Received May 8, 1997; accepted Oct. 30, 1997)     

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with lung metastasis producing CA 19-9 and GM-CSF]

A 68-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital because of hoarseness, dysphagia and a mass on the right side of her neck. Chest radiographs showed multiple nodular shadows in both lung fields. Detailed investigations resulted in a diagnosis of multiple lung metastasis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma transformed from papillary adenocarcinoma. Both serum CA 19-9 and GM-CSF levels were elevated, to 70.5 U/ml (normal range: 0-37 U/ml) and 343.4 pg/ml (normal range: 0-8 pg/ml), respectively. Immunostaining disclosed that the primary and metastatic tumors were positive for CA 19-9, but not for GM-CSF antigens. Serum levels of these two parameters slowly decreased after chemo-radiotherapy, suggesting that the tumor may have produced GM-CSF as well as CA 19-9. Recent studies have indicated that the prognosis is poor for non-small cell lung cancers that produce G-CSF or CA 19-9. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma characterized by high serum levels of both CA 19-9 and GM-CSF, with metastasis to the lung and other organs.     

An aged male patient with autoimmune hepatitis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma.

An 82-year-old male patient was admitted for liver dysfunction. Laboratory test showed the following data; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 79 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 28 IU/l, total bilirubin (T. Bil) 0.9 U, zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) 48.9 U, gamma-globulin 4.9 g/dl, immunoglobulin G (IgG) 5,046 mg/dl, anti-nuclear antibodies x 320, anti-mitochondrial antibodies (-), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (-), HBcAb (-), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) (-), hepatitis C virus (HCV-RNA) (-), anti-hepatitis G virus (anti-HGV) (-), alpha-fetoprotein 306.8 ng/ml, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 2.3 ng/ml, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 77.2 U/ml. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a large mass occupying most of the right lobe and portal thrombosis in the liver. Liver biopsy revealed cirrhosis with inactive hepatitis in the nontumorous lesion and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in the tumorous lesion. We report a rare case of an aged male patient with autoimmune hepatitis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma.     

High sensitivity and specificity of CA 19-9 for pancreatic carcinoma in comparison to chronic pancreatitis. Serological and immunohistochemical findings

The serum carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) was assayed in patients with various diseases (87 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 747 patients with benign diseases, and 547 patients with extrapancreatic malignant growths) and it proved to be particularly sensitive for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (80 of 87, 92%) as compared to only 14% in the group of patients with benign diseases. Twenty-seven percent of the patients with chronic pancreatitis and 28% of the patients with acute pancreatitis showed elevated CA 19-9 concentrations of more than the upper normal value of 37 U/ml. In 38% and 32% of our cases with carcinoma of the stomach and colorectal carcinoma, respectively, CA 19-9 was estimated as being above the normal range. The preoperatively raised CA 19-9 concentration in patients with pancreatic carcinoma decreases after curative resection of the carcinoma to values within the normal range. However, in no CA 19-9 estimation following a palliative surgical intervention or in cases of inoperable carcinomas a serum concentration of less than 37 U/ml was recorded. In immunohistochemical specimens we found a difference between CA 19-9 antigen concentrations on the cell surface and secretion in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.     

Colorectal carcinoma liver metastases: clinical significance of preoperative measurement of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels

The clinical significance of preoperative levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was evaluated in patients with colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Preoperative serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels, the number and size of liver metastases, and survival data were analyzed retrospectively in 73 patients. Using the cutoff level of 5 ng/ml for CEA and 37 U/ml for CA 19-9, the positivity of these for detecting metastatic deposits were 81% and 56%, respectively. CEA level was correlated with the number (P = 0.0081) and size (P = 0.013) of liver metastases among patients with positive CEA level, while CA 19-9 level was correlated only with the number of liver metastases (P = 0.0072) among those with positive CA 19-9 level. In the overall series, preoperative CEA and CA 19-9 levels were correlated significantly with survival only at higher cutoff levels. In 46 patients undergoing curative hepatectomy, however, these levels were not correlated with survival, even at higher cutoff levels. In conclusion, the CEA level is closely associated with the extent of liver metastases, while the CA 19-9 level may reflect multiplicity of hepatic deposits. Preoperative measurement of serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels appears to be of some prognostic value.     

超声造影联合血清CA19-9鉴别诊断胆管细胞癌与肝细胞癌应用研究

目的 探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)与肝细胞癌(HCC)患者超声造影(CEUS)和血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平变化特征。方法 经组织病理学检查诊断的ICC患者48例和HCC患者78例,进行CEUS检查,常规检测血清CA19-9。建立鉴别诊断ICC与HCC的多指标二元Logistic回归方程,探索其诊断ICC的价值。结果 45.8%ICC患者以肿瘤周围环状增强为主,显著高于HCC患者的2.6%(P<0.05);58.3%ICC患者造影剂显著廓清,而94.9% HCC呈弱或无廓清(P <0.05);ICC组廓清时间为(54.6±10.2)s,显著早于HCC组【(76.1±25.1)s,P <0.05】;72.9%ICC患者血清CA19-9升高,显著高于HCC组的19.2%(P<0.05);建立多指标联合的二元Logistic诊断模型方程为:Logit(P)=-4.030+2.640×增强模式+2.486×廓清时间+2.579×廓清程度+2.731×血清CA19-9 (U/ml),该模型识别ICC的AUC为0.943,其敏感度和特异度分别为79.2%和93.6%。结论 熟悉ICC与HCC的超声造影表现特征,结合血清CA19-9水平,可以帮助鉴别这两种肿瘤。     

多种肿瘤标志物对发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、α－L－岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、r-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、血清糖抗原19－9（CA19－9）对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法对59例原发性肝癌（PHC）、47例良性肝病及41名正常人进行AFP、AFU、GGT、CA19－9的同步测定和对照。结果：AFP、AFU、GGT、CA19－9对PHC诊断的敏感性依次为76．3％、84．7％、66．1％和67．8％,特异性为85．2％、88．6％、56．8％和80．6％。联合检测对PHC诊断的敏感性可提高为94．9％。结论多种肿瘤标志物联合检测对诊断PHC具有重要价值。     

Multicystic biliary hamartoma with extremely elevated CA19-9: a case report

Multicystic biliary hamartoma (MCBH) is a rare cystic disease of the liver. We herein report a case of MCBH associated with extremely elevated levels of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9. A 53-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of extremely elevated CA19-9 levels (more than 12,000?U/mL). Enhanced abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multicystic tumor with a calcified wall in the left lobe of the liver, although no apparent intracystic nodule was detected. Because of the possibility of a malignant tumor, such as intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct or cystadenocarcinoma, the patient underwent left hepatectomy. Based on the postoperative pathological findings, the lesion was diagnosed as MCBH. The serum CA19-9 level drastically decreased after surgery. We encountered a rare case of MCBH with extremely elevated CA19-9 levels.     

Multiparametric tumor marker (CA 19-9, CEA, AFP, POA) analyses of pancreatic juices and sera in pancreatic diseases

With respect to their diagnostic utility CA 19-9, CEA, AFP and POA were determined in pancreatic secretions and serum of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer (n = 76/55) or chronic pancreatitis (n = 79/45) and of controls (n = 81/42), respectively. While the determination of AFP and POA both in pancreatic secretions and serum does not permit a differential diagnosis, serum CEA (greater than 10 ng/ml) and CA 19-9 (greater than 50 U/ml) levels were indicative of pancreatic cancer in 30% and 83%, respectively, with a rate of false positive results of 5% and 8.5% confined to the chronic pancreatitis patients. A combination of tumor marker analyses, that is, serum CA 19-9 (greater than 50 U/ml) and pancreatic secretion CEA (greater than 70 ng/ml), proved to be positive in 92.9% of tumor patients with a maximum of 10.5% false positives. Likewise, values of serum CA 19-9 (greater than 50 U/ml) and serum CEA (greater than 10 ng/ml) were found in 85.8% of the pancreatic cancer patients with only 8.8% false positives, which were confined to the chronic pancreatitis patients. These results indicate the superiority of multiparametric tumor marker analyses for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, especially when including new monoclonal antibody defined tumor markers.     

Case of submucosal esophageal carcinoma with multiple liver metastasis showing high serum levels of CEA and CA19-9]

A 57-year-old man was admitted because of abdominal fullness. An abdominal ultrasonographic study disclosed multiple space-occupying lesions (SOL) in the liver. On blood examinationC the serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 were significantly high while those of AFP and SCC were within normal ranges. Endoscopically biopsied specimens of the lower esophagus histologically revealed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Pathohistologically similar findings were obtained from the needle biopsied specimen of the SOL in the liver. Thus the patient was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with liver metastasis. On the 41st hospital day the patient died and an autopsy was performed. Although multiple metastases were recognized, cancer cells were limited within the submucosa of the esophagus. Immunostaining of CEA and CA19-9 was positive on the carcinoma cells both in the esophagus and the liver. Thus a relation between the biological malignancy of esophageal cancer and serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 was suggested.     

CA19-9显著升高的特发性肺纤维化一例--附文献复习

目的提高对CA19-9显著升高的特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的认识,评价CA19-9的升高与IPF进展的相关性.方法对1例79岁男性血清CA19-9显著升高IPF患者的临床资料进行分析,并复习相关的文献进行分析.结果本例患者血清CA19-9进行性升高,从最初的899U/ml升高至10个月后的3854U/ml,经过反复全面检查和10个月随访,未发现恶性肿瘤和其他疾病的证据, CA19-9的进行性升高与肺纤维化程度的进展正相关.通过检索Medline文献,发现日本有6例血清CA19-9升高>1000U/ml的类似病例报道,通过免疫组化分析发现重度纤维化区域CA19-9呈阳性反应.结论作为消化道恶性肿瘤标志物的CA19-9显著升高可见于IPF患者,可能提示肺纤维化的进展,但不提示疾病的活动性,是预后不良的标志.     

A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the bronchus producing cancer-associated antigen, CA19-9.

A 73-year-old male was admitted to Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital for further evaluation of chest x-ray abnormalities. Chest roentgenogram taken at admission showed right lower lobe atelectasis and bronchoscopic examination revealed an endobronchial tumor obstructing the left lower lobe bronchus. The biopsy specimen showed cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma. The serum CA19-9 level was markedly elevated at admission, leading to immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsy specimen. As a result, in the tumor, CA19-9 was positively stained. This is probably the first reported case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the bronchus which produces CA19-9.     

Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen assays in detecting cancer of the pancreas

In this study, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the new serum assay CA19-9 in detecting adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and compared the results with those of the serum assay to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Thirty-seven patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma (14 patients with resectable disease and 23 patients with unresectable disease) were compared with 157 controls (48 patients with benign pancreatic disease, 34 patients with nonpancreatic sources of abdominal pain, 58 patients with benign jaundice, 7 patients with nonpancreatic malabsorption, and 10 patients with renal failure on dialysis). It was determined that a cutoff of 75 U/ml enhanced the diagnostic efficiency (sensitivity + specificity) of CA19-9 over the manufacturer's recommended cutoff of 37 U/ml. The sensitivity of CA19-9 (greater than 75 U/ml) in detecting cancer was greater than that of CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) (86.5% vs. 48.4%) (p less than 0.01, McNemar test). The sensitivity of CA19-9 was 78.6% in resectable and 91.3% in unresectable disease. The specificity of CA19-9 was also greater than CEA (92.5% vs. 87.3%), although this difference was not statistically significant. The higher the CA19-9 or CEA level, the greater the specificity of either assay; at CA19-9 levels greater than 600 U/ml and CEA levels greater than 20 ng/ml the specificity is approximately 99%. The combination of an elevated CA19-9 level (greater than 75 U/ml) and an elevated CEA level (greater than 5 ng/ml) also enhanced specificity to 99%. It is concluded that CA19-9 used alone is superior to CEA used alone in detecting cancer of the pancreas and that the combination of mild elevations of both assays improves their specificity. Although the CA19-9 marker can be elevated with other intraabdominal adenocarcinomas (e.g., gastric, biliary, or colonic), CA19-9, together with CEA, will be useful to the clinician in differentiating benign from malignant pancreatic processes and in alerting the clinician to the possible presence of an intraabdominal neoplasm in the proper clinical setting.