超声造影鉴别诊断子宫内膜良恶性病变

目的 探讨CEUS时相及时间-强度曲线(TIC)鉴别诊断子宫内膜良恶性病变的价值。 方法 回顾性分析47例阴道不规则出血或排液患者,其中23例为子宫内膜癌(恶性组),24例为良性病变(良性组),分析其CEUS表现及TIC参数,并进行统计学比较。 结果 灌注时相:恶性组中52.17%(12/23)早于肌层灌注,47.83%(11/23)同步或晚于肌层灌注;良性组中16.67%(4/24)早于肌层灌注,83.33%(20/24)同步或晚于肌层灌注,二者差异具有统计学意义(P=0.028)。洗出时相:恶性组中82.61%(19/23)早于肌层洗出,良性组62.50%(15/24)早于肌层洗出,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.037)。良性组与恶性组子宫内膜的造影剂到达时间(AT)差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),达峰时间(TTP)及达峰强度(PI)的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。 结论 子宫内膜良恶性病变的CEUS时相与TIC参数具有一定特征性,联合应用二者能够为临床提供丰富的信息,有助于鉴别良恶性子宫内膜病变。     

CEUS in the study of bladder,method, administration and evaluation,a technical note

Purpose

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is the application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) to traditional medical sonography. The development of UCAs allowed to overcome some of the limitations of conventional B-mode and Doppler ultrasound techniques and enabled the display of the parenchymal microvasculature. Purpose of this paper is to delineate the elements of a solid and science-based technique in the execution of urinary bladder CEUS.

Methods

We describe the technical execution of urinary bladder CEUS and the use of perfusion softwares to perform contrast enhancement quantitative analysis with generation of time–intensity curves from regions of interest.

Results

During CEUS, normal bladder wall shows a wash-in time of 13 s, a time to peak (TTP) >40 s, a signal intensity (SI) <45 % and a wash-out time >80 s; Low-grade urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) shows a wash-in time of 13 s, a time to peak TTP >28 s, a SI <45 % and a wash-out time of 40 s; High-grade UCC shows a wash-in time of 13 s, a TTP >28 s, a SI >50 % and a wash-out time of 58 s.

Conclusions

CEUS is a useful tool for an accurate characterization of bladder UCC although it has some drawbacks. To avoid misunderstandings, a widely accepted classification and a standardized terminology about the most significant parameters of this application should be adopted in the immediate future.     

超声造影在膀胱占位性病变中的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声造影在膀胱占位性病变中的诊断价值.方法 157例膀胱可疑占位性病变患者,共169个病灶结节,超声造影观测其造影剂灌注模式,病变造影时间-强度曲线的上升时间(RT)、达峰时间(TTP)和峰值强度(IMAX).结果 116个膀胱癌病灶,96个表现为“快进慢退”,呈高增强;16个表现为“快进快退”,呈高增强;4个呈等增强.23个腺性膀胱炎病灶中,18个与周围正常膀胱壁同步增强和消退,5个表现为“快进慢退”.22个膀胱内血块和3个膀胱前壁混响伪像在造影过程中始终无增强.5个前列腺增生组织突入膀胱内,与前列腺组织同步增强和消退,无明显分界线.与自身膀胱壁比较,膀胱恶性肿瘤RT、TTP缩短,IMAX增强(P＜0.05).对膀胱占位性病变诊断准确率,常规超声为85.8％,超声造影为97.0％.结论 超声造影可为膀胱占位性病变的鉴别诊断提供强有力的依据.     

经直肠超声造影鉴别膀胱良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的:经直肠超声造影观察膀胱良恶性病变的声像图特点,研究经直肠超声造影对膀胱良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析53例病人65个膀胱占位性病变的经直肠超声造影声像图,采用时间-强度软件测量超声造影定量参数并分析各自的增强模式及定量参数特征,与病理结果对照。结果:经直肠超声造影诊断51个膀胱恶性病变,14个良性病变。病理诊断49个膀胱恶性肿瘤,16个良性病变。膀胱良恶性肿瘤的峰值强度(P=0.000)和廓清时间(P=0.000)有统计学意义,到达时间(P=0.237)和达峰时间(P=0.291)差异无统计学意义。经直肠超声造影诊断膀胱恶性肿瘤的符合率为95.3%,灵敏度为97.9%,特异度为87.5%,阴性预测值为93.3%,阳性预测值为96.0%。结论:经直肠造影造影检查鉴别诊断膀胱良恶性病变的价值优于常规超声,“快进慢退”高增强模式结合峰值强度及廓清时间界值点鉴别膀胱恶性病变有较高的诊断价值。     

超声造影参数成像技术在眼球后方占位性病变中的应用价值

目的运用超声造影参数成像技术评价超声造影在眼球后方占位性病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经超声造影检查的眼球后方占位性病变患者63例,以病理结果为金标准分为恶性组14例,良性组49例。应用SonoLiver造影软件分析超声造影图像,获取时间-强度曲线(TIC)、动态血管模式曲线(DVPC)及定量参数,分析及比较两组间DVPC、TIC曲线特点,比较两组病灶区的到达时间(AT)、上升时间(RT)、达峰时间(TTP)、峰值强度(IMAX)、平均渡越时间(mTT)、上升支斜率(RS)及下降支斜率绝对值(DS)等指标的差异,并行ROC曲线分析获取鉴别诊断的最佳截断值。结果(1)良性组TIC主要表现为快升慢降波,DVPC主要表现为正向波,恶性组TIC主要表现为快升快降波,DVPC主要表现为正负双向波,两组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组TIC定量参数mTT、RT、RS、DS差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而IMAX、AT、TTP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)当RT为11.8,mTT为29.2,RS为115.8,DS为45.4是鉴别眼球后方良恶性肿瘤的最佳截断值,其中RS为115.8鉴别诊断价值最高。结论超声造影参数成像技术可为眼球后方占位性病变的鉴别提供一定的诊断依据。     

相对造影参数在乳腺良恶性病灶鉴别诊断中的价值

目的通过获取造影定量参数及计算相对造影参数评价其对乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法对54例经病理结果证实的乳腺病灶(良性31例,恶性23例)进行超声造影检查,使用ACQ软件对病灶及病灶旁组织增强感兴趣区绘制时间-强度曲线,测定超声造影参数,并计算相对造影参数。结果以病灶周围腺体为对照,良性组时间-强度曲线多数(80.65%,25/31)为与腺体曲线接近型,或呈缓升速降型,峰值后移。恶性组时间-强度曲线多数(91.30%,21/23)呈速升缓降型,峰值前移。病灶相对开始增强时间、相对达峰时间及相对峰值强度在乳腺良恶性病灶之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相对基准强度良恶性之间差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论研究乳腺病灶的造影参数应充分重视病灶周围腺体的增强情况,计算病灶与周围腺体造影参数的差值并结合时间-强度曲线形态特点进行良恶性对比分析更有意义。     

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Renal Blood Perfusion Changes After Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty and Stenting for Severe Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

This study used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to evaluate changes in renal cortical blood perfusion after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting (PTRAS) for severe renal artery stenosis (RAS) (≥70%). CEUS was performed in 21 patients with 24 severe RASs that underwent PTRAS. Renal cortical perfusion was quantitatively evaluated by comparing time intensity curve (TIC) parameters for SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) contrast enhancement, including peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), mean transmit time (MTT), curve ascending slope (S), area under the curve (AUC), AUC-wash-in and AUC-wash-out. The parameters PI, TTP, MTT and S differed significantly between the pre-intervention and post-intervention TIC analysis (p < 0.05). Of the 24 pre-intervention curve appearances, 58.3% (14/24) improved after operation. The PI difference correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate difference (r = 0.433, p < 0.05). In conclusion, changes in some ultrasound perfusion parameters on CEUS and the shape of the TIC can be used to quantitatively and intuitively evaluate renal cortical blood perfusion change after PTRAS.     

超声造影在评价兔糖尿病肾病模型微循环灌注中的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影在评价兔糖尿病肾病模型中肾脏微循环灌注改变的应用价值。 方法20只新西兰大白兔按随机数字表法分为糖尿病肾病模型构建组与对照组,每组各10只,建模成功后糖尿病肾病组6只,对照组9只。应用低机械指数实时超声造影技术观察肾脏血供,绘制时间-强度曲线获得增强后的定量分析参数,包括达峰时间、峰值强度、平均渡越时间、曲线下面积等,同时对两组兔肾功能及肾脏形态学进行比较。计量资料的比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果超声造影时间-强度曲线显示糖尿病肾病组较对照组达峰时间延长[(31.91±6.21)s,(22.30±8.05)s],平均渡越时间延长[(58.68±9.82)s,(53.37±4.47)s],峰值强度减低[(29.31±7.73)dB,(34.45±5.46)dB],均差异有统计学意义(t＝6.66,3.80,4.86;均P<0.05)。糖尿病肾病组和对照组曲线下面积[(2 442.65±725.47)dB/s,(2 255.31±209.09)dB/s],上升支斜率(0.41±0.08,0.37±0.06),下降支斜率(0.02±0.01,0.02±0.01)比较,均差异无统计学意义(t＝0.38,1.26,0.26;均P>0.05)。 结论超声造影有助于糖尿病肾病的早期诊断,定量分析参数如达峰时间、平均渡越时间、峰值强度有一定应用价值。     

经直肠超声造影鉴别诊断前列腺良、恶性结节

目的 探讨经直肠灰阶超声造影在前列腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值. 方法采用SonoVue造影剂,结合新型对比脉冲序列(CPS)造影成像技术,对33例患者38个前列腺结节行实时超声造影,观察病灶造影增强方式,绘制时间-强度曲线(TIC),分析造影参数,比较前列腺良恶性结节之间的差异. 结果 良性结节20个,其中17个位于内腺;恶性结节18个,其中14个位于外腺.内腺良性结节超声造影增强方式以均匀增强为主,结节清晰,有环状增强;恶性结节增强早于正常外腺组织,以不均匀增强为主.恶性结节达峰时间及加速时间均短于良性结节(P<0.05),峰值强度低于良性结节(P<0.05),到达时间良、恶性间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论超声造影中前列腺良、恶性结节中的达峰时间、加速时间、峰值强度等参数有一定差异,有助于鉴别诊断.     

Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced ultrasound versus Baseline Ultrasound for Renal Pelvis Lesions

The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and baseline ultrasound (B-US) in diagnosing renal pelvic lesions. B-US findings on 58 suspected renal pelvis lesions were examined. The B-US and CEUS results were classified into five grades. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the two imaging modalities. CEUS characteristics of renal pelvis malignancies at different tumor stages and pathologic grades were examined. In the final diagnosis, 29 patients had malignant lesions (27 transitional cell carcinomas, 1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 renal cell carcinoma) and 29 had benign lesions. On B-US, echogenicity and renal pelvis separation pattern in patients with malignant renal lesions overlapped those of patients with benign lesions. CEUS significantly increased the diagnostic grade of malignant lesions and decreased the grade of benign lesions (p = 0.000). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CEUS was larger than that of B-US (p = 0.030). Enhancement shape and intensity in the wash-in phase markedly differed in lesions of higher tumor stage and higher pathologic grade, compared with lesions of lower stage and grade. In this study, compared with B-US, CEUS had significantly higher diagnostic efficacy in patients with renal pelvis lesions.     

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography versus Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Tumors

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) with respect to their value in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant mediastinal tumors. Forty-two patients with mediastinal tumor underwent CEUS and CE-MRI respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic coincidence rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of the two methods were compared. The value of different enhancement patterns in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant mediastinal tumors was analyzed. SonoLiver software was used to obtain the dynamic vascular pattern curve (DVPC) of the lesions, and parameters such as arrival time (AT), rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), maximum intensity/peak intensity (IMAX) and quality of fit (QOF) were extracted from time–intensity curves for quantitative analysis. We found that (i) the specificity of CEUS was higher than that of CE-MRI, and the PPV and diagnostic coincidence rate of CEUS were equal to those of CE-MRI; (ii) the enhancement patterns and DVPC of CEUS differed between the benign and malignant groups, while there was no difference in CE-MRI enhancement intensity; and (iii) AT, RT and TTP in the malignant groups were significantly shorter, while IMAX was significantly higher. In conclusion, the application of quantitative parameters and DVPC of CEUS is worth popularizing. CEUS can be used as an effective alternative and complementary examination for patients who cannot undergo CE-MRI.     

常规超声联合超声造影诊断脉络膜良恶性肿瘤

目的 观察常规超声联合超声造影（CEUS）诊断脉络膜良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析60例脉络膜肿瘤患者，根据肿瘤性质分为良性组37例和恶性组23例。观察肿瘤常规超声、CEUS表现，定量分析相关参数。结果 常规超声联合CEUS诊断良恶性肿瘤的符合率为91.67%（55/60）。恶性组CEUS上升时间（RT）、达峰时间（TTP）、平均通过时间（MTT）及峰值强度（PI）均明显低于良性组（P<0.05）。结论 常规超声联合CEUS诊断脉络膜良恶性肿瘤准确率较高。     

经直肠超声造影鉴别诊断弥漫性前列腺癌

目的探讨CEUS诊断弥漫性前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法对经直肠穿刺病理证实的18例弥漫性前列腺癌患者(弥漫性前列腺癌组)及12例中重度良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者(BPH组)进行CEUS检查,观察造影增强表现,绘制时间-强度曲线(TIC),分析定量参数达峰时间(TTP)及达峰绝对值(DPI)的变化特征。并于CEUS前对前列腺被膜支动脉、尿道支动脉阻力指数(RI)进行检测。结果弥漫性前列腺癌组内腺TTP较BPH组内腺TTP短(P<0.01),而DPI较BPH组高(P<0.01)。弥漫性前列腺癌组外腺TTP较BPH组外腺TTP短(P<0.01),而DPI较高(P<0.01)。弥漫性前列腺癌组及BPH组前列腺内腺DPI均高于自身外腺(P<0.01),TTP均短于自身外腺(P<0.01)。18例弥漫性前列腺癌CEUS呈整体快速不均匀高增强,12例中重度BPH呈均匀有规律增强。弥漫性前列腺癌组被膜支动脉RI均值高于中重度BPH组(P<0.01)。以被膜支动脉RI=0.77为临界值,诊断弥漫性前列腺癌的敏感度89.01%、特异度83.25%。结论 CEUS对弥漫性前列腺癌及中重度BPH的鉴别诊断具有重要价值。前列腺内被膜支动脉的RI有助于鉴别诊断。     

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Sonazoid for Diagnosis of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The aim of the present study was to investigate the imaging features observed in pre-operative Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SZ-CEUS) and the correlations with the presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this single-center retrospective study, 31 patients with surgically and histopathologically confirmed HCC lesions were included. Patients were classified according to the presence of MVI into the MVI-positive group (n = 15) and MVI-negative group (n = 16). The CEUS examinations were performed within 2 or 3 d before surgery. Features, including tumor necrosis and ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) distribution characteristics in the arterial phase (AP), tumor types (single nodular [SN] or non-single nodular [non-SN]) in the post-vascular phase (PVP), wash-in time, wash-in slope, time to peak (TTP) and peak intensity (PI), were assessed. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to tumor necrosis (p = 0.002), inhomogeneous distribution of contrast agent in the AP (p = 0.001) and non-SN type in the PVP (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the quantitative parameters. Multivariate analysis revealed that non-SN type in the PVP was a significant independent risk factor for MVI of HCC (odds ratio = 30.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.335–398.731, p = 0.009). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.873, 93.3%, 81.3%, 82.4% and 92.9%, respectively. Thus, SZ-CEUS can provide useful information for the diagnosis of MVI in HCC.     

SonoLiver动态血管模式鉴别诊断前列腺良恶性结节

目的 探讨超声造影（CEUS）参数及动态血管模式曲线（DVPC）诊断前列腺结节良恶性的应用价值。方法 选取于我院超声影像科接受CEUS检查的78例（102个结节）前列腺结节患者,根据穿刺活检结果,分为恶性组42例（54个结节）和良性组36例（48个结节）。比较2组DVPC以及时间强度曲线（TIC）相关参数。结果 良性组上升时间（RT）和达峰时间（TTP）均大于恶性组,而峰值强度（IMAX）、上升支斜率（RS）及下降支斜率（DS）均小于恶性组（P均<0.05）。恶性组DVPC类型以正负双向波48.15%（26/54）和正向波27.78%（15/54）为主,良性组以负向波50.00%（24/48）为主（P<0.001）。结论 分析TIC参数可了解前列腺良恶性结节的造影剂灌注特点,联合应用DVPC有利于鉴别前列腺良恶性结节。     

实时灰阶超声造影鉴别诊断浅表良恶性淋巴结

目的 探讨实时灰阶CEUS早期鉴别诊断浅表良恶性淋巴结的价值。方法 对48例患者的56个肿大浅表淋巴结进行常规超声和实时灰阶CEUS,观察淋巴结造影灌注模式,分析时间-强度曲线(TIC)形态,并测量开始增强时间(AT)、达峰时间(TTP)、峰值强度(PI)、平均渡越时间(MTT)和曲线下面积(AUC)。 结果 病理结果示良性淋巴结23个,恶性淋巴结33个,包括转移性淋巴结20个、恶性淋巴瘤13个。良性淋巴结大多表现为自淋巴结门开始的均匀增强(16/23,69.57%),转移性淋巴结半数表现为自周边开始的不均匀增强(10/20,50.00%),恶性淋巴瘤多表现为均匀增强(7/13,53.85%)。良性淋巴结中19个(19/23,82.61%)TIC呈快退型,转移性淋巴结中17个(17/20,85.00%)、恶性淋巴瘤中12个(12/13,92.31%)TIC呈慢退型。良恶性淋巴结AT、TTP差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);良性淋巴结PI值与转移性淋巴结差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均显著低于恶性淋巴瘤(P均<0.05);转移性淋巴结和恶性淋巴瘤MTT和AUC均显著高于良性淋巴结(P均<0.05)。 结论 CEUS中良恶性淋巴结造影模式、TIC及定量参数存在差异,有助于鉴别诊断。     

Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Pulmonary Lesions: 5-Year Experience at a Single Center

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the differentiation of benign and malignant peripheral pulmonary lesions has been considered experimental for many years. This study was aimed at evaluating the feasibility of CEUS as a diagnostic modality in this area of discussion. CEUS diagnostic accuracy was explored by comparison with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). The collective included 449 patients with 449 definitive diagnoses (benign, 178; malignant, 271). Logistic regression analysis of CEUS data revealed that delayed time to enhancement, chaotic pattern of distribution of vessels and mild extent of enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting malignancy. Time to wash-out and homogeneity of enhancement did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Based on histopathology or clinical follow-up as a reference standard, CEUS and CECT had similar diagnostic accuracies of 80.16% and 81.75%, respectively. CEUS is a potentially useful imaging tool for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions.     

CEUS定量分析鉴别诊断乳腺肿瘤的价值及其与微血管密度的相关性分析

目的 采用CEUS时间-强度曲线(TICs)各参数鉴别良恶性肿瘤的价值及其与微血管密度(MVD)间的关系。方法 纳入获得病理诊断的患者79例,其中良性病变56例,恶性病变23 例。手术病理标本切片行免疫组织化学染色检测MVD。采用SonoLiver软件定量分析各参数与MVD关系。结果 乳腺病灶TICs的各参数在良恶性肿瘤之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);乳腺病灶的IMAX 及QOF明显高于乳腺实质,而且RT、TTP、mTT均较乳腺实质短(P <0.05)。恶性病灶MVD数目为(173.16±64.67)个/mm²,良性病灶MVD数目为(149.01±35.16)个/mm²,差异有统计学意义(P =0.04)。TICs各参数只有IMAX与MVD相关(r=0.229,P=0.048)。结论 乳腺病变CEUS定量参数的IMAX与MVD存在正相关,通过定量分析的峰值强度参数可以初步评估乳腺肿瘤内微血管密度。     

Detection of Subchondral Bone Microcirculatory Perfusion in Adults with Early Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Prospective Study

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess subchondral bone microcirculation perfusion in adults with early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to evaluate its correlation with the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage. We investigated 97 adult patients with definite ONFH by imaging a total of 155 hips, performing CEUS, storing images of CEUS processes at different ARCO stages and generating CEUS time–intensity curves (TICs) to obtain perfusion parameters. Differences in CEUS parameters at different ARCO stages were analyzed, and correlations were explored. A logistic regression model was constructed by incorporating the meaningful CEUS indicators. The CEUS parameters time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), enhanced intensity (EI), ascending slope (AS), descending slope (DS) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were significantly different in ARCO stage Ⅰ compared with stage ⅢA, and the same results were obtained in stage Ⅱ compared with stage ⅢA. However, there were no significant differences between stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The MTT (mean transit time) assay was not significantly different between the different stages. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of TTP, PI, EI, AS, DS and AUC in stages Ⅰ and ⅢA had a certain diagnostic efficacy, similar to the results in stages Ⅱ and ⅢA. The diagnostic performance of DS was less accurate in stages Ⅰ and ⅢA, while the diagnostic performance of TTP was less accurate in stages Ⅱ and ⅢA. ARCO stage was independently and negatively correlated with TTP and DS and independently and positively correlated with PI, EI, AS and AUC. The MTT assay was not correlated with ARCO stage. Logistic regression models containing statistically significant TTP, EI and AUC values were constructed, and all three values were closely related to the ARCO stage. In patients with different ARCO stages of ONFH, CEUS can effectively assess subchondral bone perfusion of the femoral head and is expected to become an effective imaging method for the diagnosis of early ONFH.     

实时导航超声造影在小肝癌诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）联合磁共振成像（MRI）实时导航技术在小肝癌诊断中的应用。 方法收集2008年1月至2015年6月复旦大学附属中山医院门诊及住院的临床疑诊为小肝癌（直径小于20 mm）的患者50例,共50个病灶,所有患者在常规超声检查未发现病灶,而增强MRI均提示有小肝癌。采用GE公司LOGIQ E9超声诊断仪,配备超声造影与MRI导航技术。超声造影采用低机械指数下实时灰阶超声造影（MI 0.05~0.12）,每次造影经肘静脉团注1.5~2.4 ml造影剂SonoVue。 结果所有病灶均经手术、活检或其他影像学检查证实为肝癌,其中原发性肝癌45个,转移性肝癌5个。实时导航超声造影时,50例患者均成功完成图像融合,融合成功率100%,平均融合时间为（9.1±0.5）min。在50个病灶中,常规超声造影发现15个病灶（30%,15/50）,实时导航超声造影检出48个病灶（96%,48/50）,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（Z=1.73,P<0.05）。在实时导航超声造影中,46个（92.0%,46/50）病灶表现为动脉期快速增强,4个病灶（8%,4/50）呈同步增强;28个病灶在门脉期呈等回声（56%,28/50）,超声造影联合MRI实时导航成像技术检出48个病灶（96%,48/50）,2个未能显示的病灶经人工胸水后再次实时导航顺利检出。实时导航超声造影对本组小肝癌的检出率及诊断准确性为100%。 结论实时导航超声造影可显著提高小肝癌检出率和诊断准确性。