癫痫脑电棘波的小波变换模极大值对检测方法

本文首次将对小波变换模极大值对检测信号奇异点的理论应用于癫痫脑电信号,对棘波进行检测。采用二进样条小波脑电信号按Ｍａｌｌａｔ算法进行变换,分析含有奇异点的信号,即棘波,与其小波变换模数大值对的关系,对棘波进行识别。     

ERP单次提取中的小波变换模极大值恢复算法

自发脑电的频谱不规则,与有效信号ＥＲＰ频谱相重叠,传统滤波方法难以奏效。但由于随机噪声奇异性指数与有效信号奇异性指数大小不一样,小波变换模极大值在不同尺度下传播行为也不一样,据此可将有效信号从随机噪声中提取出来。我们发现利用小波变换模极大值算法可以提取出单次ＥＲＰ,并将此方法用于１１名被试听觉的实时提取研究。     

癫痫脑电信号的奇异性研究

基于小波变换模极大值在多尺度上的变化,研究了癫痫脑电的奇异性,并用Lipschitz指数来表征.提出了一种高阶统计的方法来研究癫痫脑电的高阶奇异谱特征,并和健康脑电进行比较.实验结果表明,癫痫脑电的Lipschitz指数和高阶奇异谱与健康脑电相比存在明显的差异,说明该方法对研究脑电是有效的.     

基于小波变换的颜色视觉诱发电位检测去噪研究

为了提高检测的效率，将基于小波变换的信号分析方法引入到颜色视觉诱发电位（Visual evoked potential，VEP）的检测中，提出了基于多尺度条件下小波变换模极大值分布图的重建VEP信号的方法。该方法对初始采集信号采用Mallat快速算法进行离散小波变换得到模极大值分布图。根据信号噪声的Lipschitz指数特性进行去噪。最后按照POCS（Projections onto convex sets）方法进行信号的重建。仿真实验结果表明该方法对VEP信号的去噪效果比较理想。同时该方法极大地降低了测试次数。因此该方法与现有临床的叠加方法相比有明显的优披件．     

Lipschitz指数与室性波的识别

根据小波变换的理论,信号的奇异点对应于其小波变换的一个正模极大值与负模极大值对.采用二次样条小波对心电认号进行小波分解,将心搏分为室上性心搏和室性心搏.根据Lipschitz指数的理论,提出小波变换各个尺度上的极大模值增大或Lipschitz指数大于零是确定室性QRS波的一个重要指标.使用这个指标,可正确的识别QRS波群宽度小于120ms的室性QRS波.     

心电信号的小波变换滤波算法的改进

对心电信号的滤波算法进行了改进。在利用小波变换实现心电图信号滤波算法的基础上，增加了对2^3尺度下小波分解所得细节信号的模极大值对的检测功能，以修复因滤波受损的心电信号的QRS波。经MIT／BIH标准心电数据库验证，试验表明，该方法行之有效。     

心电信号的小波变换滤波算法的改进

对心电信号的滤波算法进行了改进。在利用小波变换实现心电图信号滤波算法的基础上，增加了对2^3尺度下小波分解所得细节信号的模极大值对的检测功能，以修复因滤波受损的心电信号的QRS波。经MIT/BIH标准心电数据库验证，试验表明，该方法行之有效。     

基于小波分解的颈动脉波特征提取算法

目的:利用小波变换的时频局域化性质,检测出存在于颈动脉波信号(CAP)中的奇异点和奇异角,并且精确检测奇异角出现的位置。方法:小波变换具有多分辨率等特点,能够通过放大信号的任意细节部分进行时域分析。采用离散小波变换法结合db1小波能够检出脉搏信号中的奇异U角。利用计算CAP时域特征点的小波变换极大值坐标来精确定位脉搏时域特征点,通过检测脉搏的特征参数以及脉搏的突变特征参数,可以客观判定人体脉搏变化规律。结果:CAP信号WT分解很好地抑制了各种病理性、基线漂移等干扰,为进一步进行特征提取创造了条件,基于第一细节信号d1的特征点定位几乎不受各种病理性、基线漂移等干扰的影响,定位比其他传统处理技术更为准确。结论:本文提出了基于小波分解的颈动脉波特征点提取算法,取得高达100%的检测率。在含有大量噪声和伪差的脉搏信号中,仍具有较高正确检出率和良好的抗噪性。根据计算得到CAP信号时域特征点的小波变换极大值的坐标,再利用极大值表征准确测定脉象时域特征点的坐标,能够克服脉搏时域特征点定位不准的问题。     

基于小波变换与形态学运算的ECG综合检测算法的研究

针对心电波形检测中小波变换算法的缺点 ,在 ECG特征点检测中 ,将原始信号在 3尺度上的 haar小波分解的细节信号模极大值对检测法与数学形态学峰谷检测相结合 ,提出了一种新的心电波形特征点综合检测算法 ,该算法弥补了小波变换算法对信号振幅检测上的不足 ,有效地提高了心电信号特征点检测的准确度。     

正交小波变换的快速算法在心电QRS波检测中的应用

目的：研究基于小波变换的心电QRS波检测的准确率、抗干扰性和实时性，论证其在实际工程应用中的可行性。方法：作者在比较了不同小波基的检测准确率之后，采用一种基于三次B样条小波变换的心电QRS波检测算法，利用离散正交二进小波的快速算法-Mallat算法进行分解滤波，再利用小波变换与信号奇异点的关系，在2^3尺度下识别R波峰值，在2^1尺度上检测QRS波的起点和终点，QRS波的起点和终点对应于小波变换的一对符号相反的模极大值，R波的峰点对应于介于这对模极大值之间的小波变换过零点，并用美国MIT／BIH心电标准数据库分析该算法的准确率、抗干扰性和实时性。结果：该方法具有比较理想的检测准确率，在99％以上；对肌电、工频、基漂等常见的心电信号干扰有较好的容限度，即使心电序列伴有严重的基漂和高频、工频、肌电等干扰，也不影响QRS波的检测；此外，三次B样条小波基的滤波器个数少，提高了运算速度，采样11．4s的数据进行分析，耗时为0．2s～0.3S，实时效果较明显。结论：可以满足实际工程应用的需要。     

用奇异性检测技术提取诱发电位

本文介绍了用 小波变换模极大 值检测信号奇 异性的方法， 讨论了 信号与 白噪声 的小 波变换 和奇 异性指数之间区 别，模极大值沿 尺度 传递 的不同 特点 ，并 利用它 们的 区别 消除 诱发 电位 信号 中的噪 声，重 构出消 噪后 的信号， 取得 了较好 的效果 ，利用 较少的 刺激 次数就 可获取 诱发电 位信 号，有 效地提高 了信 噪比，大 大减 少了迭 加次数 ，特征 波的潜 伏期 及幅值 容易辨 认，易 于测量 ，且无 信号 失真。奇异性检 测技术有望成为 临床实用的诱 发电位提取 技术，并 可应用 于其他 生物 医学信 号的 消噪。     

基于声门闭合时刻估计的声调的提取

利用小波变换模极大值点同信号突变点之间的关系，以及声门闭合时刻(GCI)引起语音信号锐变的特点，通过检测两个相邻GCI的距离来估计语音的基音周期，由此求出基音频率对时间的变化曲线(即声调曲线)。通过仿真，该方法提取声调准确，而且抗噪音的能力比较强。     

颈动脉波特征提取的小波变换分析方法

本文把小波变换应用于颈动脉波的特征提取，为检测ＣＡＰ上升支起点的降支重搏波切迹提出了一种新方法。文中讨论了利用小波变换的极值点和零交叉点检测信号的奇异点的原理，并给出了适当利用平滑信号在拐点处的斜率帮助检测ｕ点的方法。分析了表明，即使在严重基线漂移和强噪声干扰下，这一方面也能得到准确的检测结果。     

Study on Singularity of Chaotic Signal Based on Wavelet Transform

INTRODUCTION The significant information of a signal is often carried by singular characteristics or irregular struc-tures of the signal, for example, the most important information of ECG(electrocardiogram) or EEG isoften presented at the transient points of a signal, such as those points near peaks. The singular charac-teristics of these transient points are more obvious than the smooth parts of signals. Therefore,to studythe singularity of a signal is a meaningful work. Those analysi…     

Nonlinear analysis of the performance and reliability of wavelet singularity detection based denoising for Doppler ultrasound fetal heart rate signals

Many studies on the physiology of the cardiovascular system revealed that nonlinear chaotic dynamics govern the generation of the heart rate signal. This is also valid for the fetal heart rate (FHR) variability, where however the variability is affected by many more factors and is significantly more complicated than for the adult case. Recently an adaptive wavelet denoising method for the Doppler ultrasound FHR recordings has been introduced. In this paper the performance and reliability of that method is confirmed by the observation that for the wavelet denoised FHR signal, a deterministic nonlinear structure, which was concealed by the noise, becomes apparent. It provides strong evidence that the denoising process removes actual noise components and can therefore be utilized for the improvement of the signal quality. Hence by observing after denoising a significant improvement of the 'chaoticity' of the FHR signal we obtain strong evidence for the reliability and efficiency of the wavelet based denoising method. The estimation of the chaoticity of the FHR signal before and after the denoising is approached with three nonlinear analysis methods. First, the rescaled scale analysis (RSA) technique reveals that the denoising process increases the Hurst exponent parameter as happens when additive noise is removed from a chaotic signal. Second, the nonlinear prediction error evaluated with radial basis function (RBF) prediction networks is significantly lower at the denoised signal. The significant gain in predictability can be attributed to the drastic reduction of the additive noise from the signal by the denoising algorithm. Moreover, the evaluation of the correlation coefficient between actual and neural network predicted values as a function of the prediction time displays characteristics of chaos only for the denoised signal. Third, a chaotic attractor, reconstructed with the embedding dimension technique, becomes evident for the denoised signal, while it is completely obscured for the original signals. The correlation dimension of the reconstructed attractor for the denoised signal tends to reach a value independent of the embedding dimension, a sign of deterministic chaotic signal. In contrast for the original signal the correlation dimension increases steadily with the embedding dimension, a fact that indicates strong contribution of noise.     

自适应阈值的小波噪声消除方法及其在消除心电图(ECG)噪声方面的应用

降低或者消除噪声,对得到有用的信号十分重要.例如像ECG这类非平稳信号,其噪声统计特性因为经常受各种因素的影响而变得十分复杂.在本文中,通过将应用小波进行噪声消除和B-Spline(B样条)噪声消除相结合的方法,得到一种新的信号噪声消除技术.试验证明,本文所提出的技术能够抑制噪声,并同时保留信号的细节特征.     

Filtering of surface EMG using ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Surface electromyogram (EMG) is often corrupted by three types of noises, i.e. power line interference (PLI), white Gaussian noise (WGN), and baseline wandering (BW). A novel framework based primarily on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was developed to reduce all the three noise contaminations from surface EMG. In addition to regular EMD, the ensemble EMD (EEMD) was also examined for surface EMG denoising. The advantages of the EMD based methods were demonstrated by comparing them with the traditional digital filters, using signals derived from our routine electrode array surface EMG recordings. The experimental results demonstrated that the EMD based methods achieved better performance than the conventional digital filters, especially when the signal to noise ratio of the processed signal was low. Among all the examined methods, the EEMD based approach achieved the best surface EMG denoising performance.     

早搏信号的小波模极大多重分形分析

本文运用基于小波模极大值的多重分形分析方法,研究心脏房性早搏(APB)信号、室性早搏(PVC)信号及正常心电(ECG)信号的多重分形特征。通过分析多重分形谱得出:三种信号都具有不同程度的多重分形特性;正常ECG信号的分形程度最强,PVC信号次之,APB信号最弱。t检验结果表明,此方法得出的三种信号分形谱宽度差异具有显著性,对临床医学诊断区分APB、PVC信号有很好的借鉴意义。     

Spectral trimming technique: a new approach for suppressing motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography

Abstract

Motion artefacts in electrocardiographic (ECG) signal are suppressed mainly by adaptive noise cancellation and wavelet denoising. While the former requires a motion sensor in addition to ECG electrodes, the latter removes some of the desired low-frequency components in the signal. In this paper spectral trimming technique is being introduced for suppressing the motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography. In this method, Fourier spectral coefficients up to 1.221?Hz of noisy signal are trimmed on the basis of template derived from resting ECG signal in the same subject. The proposed spectral trimming technique has yielded the lowest value of mean?±?standard deviation for root mean square error (18.92?±?8.71) and highest value of the signal to noise ratio (6.439?±?4.266) as compared to other three methods, namely adaptive noise cancellation, wavelet decomposition and adaptive line enhancement with compatible value of correlation coefficient. Subsequently, spectral trimming technique has been implemented in real-time (deferred by 8.2?s) application for stress electrocardiography. Spectral trimming technique thus offers a method of choice for motion artefact suppression in offline as well as deferred online applications. This method takes care of the limitations of conventional methods such as adaptive noise cancellation or wavelet denoising for suppressing motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography.