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1.
《Journal of thoracic oncology》2017,12(12):1755-1765
Although the effectiveness of screening for lung cancer remains controversial, it is a fact that most lung cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage outside of lung cancer screening programs. In 2013, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force revised its lung cancer screening recommendation, now supporting lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography in patients at high risk. This is also endorsed by many major medical societies and advocacy group stakeholders, albeit with different eligibility criteria. In Europe, population-based lung cancer screening has so far not been recommended or implemented, as some important issues remain unresolved. Among them is the open question of how enlarging pulmonary nodules detected in lung cancer screening should be managed. This article comprises two parts: a review of the current lung cancer screening approaches and the potential therapeutic options for enlarging pulmonary nodules, followed by a meeting report including consensus statements of an interdisciplinary expert panel that discussed the potential of the different therapeutic options.  相似文献   

2.

Introduction

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening is recommended in the United States. While new solid nodules after baseline screening have a high lung cancer probability at small size and require lower size cutoff values than baseline nodules, there only is limited evidence on management of new subsolid nodules.

Methods

Within the Dutch-Belgian randomized controlled LDCT lung cancer screening trial (NELSON), 7557 participants underwent baseline screening between April 2004 and December 2006. Participants with new subsolid nodules detected after the baseline screening round were included.

Results

In the three incidence screening rounds, 60 new subsolid nodules (43 [72%] part-solid, 17 [28%] nonsolid) not visible in retrospect were detected in 51 participants, representing 0.7% (51 of 7295) of participants with at least one incidence screening. Eventually, 6% (3 of 51) of participants with a new subsolid nodule were diagnosed with (pre-)malignancy in such a nodule. All (pre-)malignancies were adenocarcinoma (in situ) and diagnostic workup (referral 950, 364, and 366 days after first detection, respectively) showed favorable staging (stage I). Overall, 67% (33 of 49) of subsolid nodules with an additional follow-up screening were resolving.

Conclusions

Less than 1% of participants in LDCT lung cancer screening presents with a new subsolid nodule after baseline. Contrary to new solid nodules, data suggest that new subsolid nodules may not require a more aggressive follow-up.  相似文献   

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153例尸检证实8例肺癌与肺血栓栓塞症分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:提高对肺癌并发肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的认识.方法:回顾性调查自1980年至2002年间我院连续非选择性常规尸检的153例肺癌死亡患者的尸检病理资料,并对尸检证实合并有PTE的8例进行临床及病理对比分析.结果:1)153例肺癌中8例并发PTE,但生前只有1例确诊,发生率为5.3%(8/153),误诊率87.5%(7/8).2)尸检发现栓子性质均为血栓.临床3例猝死者为肺主动脉伴左右肺动脉主干血栓栓塞,同时合并下肢深静脉血栓形成及左心室附壁血栓1例;5例非猝死者为肺动脉中小分支血栓栓塞,伴下肢深静脉血栓3例.3)肺癌并发PTE时临床表现不典型.4)PTE主要见于肺腺癌(包括肺泡癌及腺鳞癌),占62.5%(5/8).结论:PTE并发于肺癌并不少见,但误诊率高,诊断意识缺乏是误诊的主要原因.肺癌并发PTE最主要原因是血液处于高凝状态.  相似文献   

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目的探讨基于深度学习的人工智能(AI)在肺结节检测和定性诊断中的临床价值。方法收集行胸部CT平扫的250例患者。分为住院医(A组)、AI(B组)和住院医结合AI(C组)三组,比较三组对肺结节检出的误诊率、漏诊率、敏感度、阳性预测值和平均诊断时间。同时分别比较实性结节和磨玻璃结节(GGN)良恶性的AI量化参数,对有统计学差异的参数行ROC曲线分析。结果以两名高年资主任医师共同阅片结果为参照标准,确认有2230个结节。B组的误诊率明显高于A、C两组,阳性预测值明显小于A、C两组(P<0.05)。A组的漏诊率明显高于B、C两组,敏感度明显低于B、C两组(P<0.05)。B组平均诊断时间明显少于A、C两组(P<0.05)。实性良、恶性结节的长径、最大面积、体积、最小CT值和恶性概率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)大于0.7的参数为:长径、最大面积、体积、恶性概率。GGN良、恶性结节的长径、最大面积、体积、平均CT值、最大CT值和恶性概率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),对各参数行ROC曲线分析,AUC均大于0.7。结论AI协助阅片可明显提高工作效率和肺结节检出敏感度,并减少误诊率和漏诊率,同时AI对肺结节良恶性的预判具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
肺磨玻璃结节临床研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGNs)是肺结节中的特殊类型,随着高分辨薄层计算机断层扫描(high resolution computed tomography,HRCT)的应用,GGNs检出率逐年升高并受到日益广泛的关注.由于缺乏特征性临床症状,肺癌的早期诊断难度较大,而既往研究证实GGNs的出现常常提示与肺癌相关,因此加强筛查及管理有助于早期诊断及治疗肺癌.本文回顾既往相关研究,就GGNs的定义、分类、影像学特征、自然生长史、分子病理特征及诊治流程作一小结.  相似文献   

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背景与目的 计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)随访评估肺内结节的生长特性是临床判断结节良恶性的常用策略.不同生物学行为的肺结节可能具有不同的生长速度和生长模式.本研究的目的是绘制不同类型肺结节的体积生长曲线,了解其生长方式,为判断结节性质并制定肺结节随访方案提供依据.方法 应用三维分析软件对111例接受2次及以上CT检查的肺结节(实性结节54例、亚实性结节57例)的影像资料进行回顾性分析.35例恶性及5例良性结节经病理或组织学确认,其余71例经两年随访无显著生长,经专家会诊确认为肺癌低危结节.所有结节按密度及性质分组:实性良性/低危结节、实性恶性结节、亚实性良性/低危结节、亚实性恶性结节.以随访间隔时间(d)为X轴,以随访结节的三维体积(mm3)和三维体积对数为Y轴,绘制体积线性及指数性生长曲线,由研究者主观观察曲线的形态.应用卡方检验比较不同性质肺结节的生长曲线的差异.结果 实性恶性结节中12例(66.7%)生长曲线快速上升,3例(16.7%)先平缓-后上升,2例(11.1%)缓慢上升,1例(5.56%)平直.亚实性恶性结节中8例(47.1%)呈快速上升型,4例(23.5%)缓慢上升,3例(17.6%)平直,2例(11.8%)为先下降-后上升型.实性良性/低危结节中5例(13.9%)呈下降型,17例(47.2%)平直,8例(21.6%)缓慢上升,6例(16.7%)呈波浪型.亚实性良性/低危结节中4例(10%)呈下降型,21例(52.5%)平直,9例(22.5%)缓慢上升,6例(15%)呈波浪型.良性/低危结节与恶性结节生长曲线分布存在显著性差异(χ2=42.4,P<0.01).结论 肺癌生长曲线具有异质性,快速上升是恶性肺结节的特征性生长曲线,但部分可在一定时期内表现为平直、缓慢上升甚至下降.缓慢生长不能排除肺癌可能,尤其是亚实性结节.  相似文献   

9.

Introduction

Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) with synchronous ground-glass/lepidic (GG/L) nodules is considered a distinct disease entity in multiple synchronous lung cancers. Few studies have performed next-generation sequencing analysis of these synchronous sequential lesions, and genetic alterations of GG/L nodules must be further investigated.

Methods

We performed targeted sequencing in ADC with synchronous atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), ADC in situ, or minimally invasive ADC from 16 patients. Next-generation sequencing was performed by using a customized panel including 154 cancer-associated genes.

Results

Multiple synchronous lesions in the same patient showed different mutation profiles, and some shared identically mutated genes. In five patients harboring EGFR-mutant ADC, their synchronous GG/L nodules had EGFR mutation; however, none was observed in EGFR wild-type ADC. The average numbers of exonic mutations were 4.2, 5.4, 4.0, and 5.4 in AAH, ADC in situ, minimally invasive ADC, and ADC, respectively. In each lesion type, various mutations, including LDL receptor related protein 1B gene (LRP1B), KRAS, EGFR, and BRAF were observed in AAH, and EGFR mutations were the most frequently observed in ADC. In all, 80% of mutations with a variant allele frequency of 20% or higher, which contained driver gene mutations, were identified in ADC. Intratumoral heterogeneity of the genetic profile was found between the lepidic and invasive areas of ADC, but the driver gene mutations were similar.

Conclusions

This study suggests that ADC and synchronous GG/L nodules are genetically independent tumors. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of ADC was present, but driver gene mutations were homogeneously distributed. Driver gene mutations with a high variant allele frequency were identified in the invasive tumor. These findings support the relevance of molecular characterization of lung ADC and synchronous GG/L nodules.  相似文献   

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CT引导下肺内大血管旁小病灶穿刺活检技术的临床应用   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
目的:评价CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶的临床价值。方法:CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶72例,分析其敏感性、特异性、准确性及并发症。结果:恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感性83.3%(45/54),阳性预测值100%;良性病变诊断特异性100%,阴性预测值66.7%(18/27),总诊断准确率84.7%(61/72)。气胸发生率6.9%(5/72),肺内出血发生率8.3%(6/72),均未作特殊处理自愈。病灶周围有肺气肿是气胸及肺内出血的危险因素(χ2=10.9、8.5,P<0.05),而病灶部位、大小及深度均与上述并发症无关(P>0.05)。结论:CT引导经皮穿刺肺内大血管旁直径≤2cm病灶准确性较高而并发症较低。  相似文献   

11.
本文对74例肺结核合并肺癌的临床资料作了回顾性分析。对肺结核易并发肺癌的原因、肺结核与肺腺癌及周围型肺癌的关系,二者并发时临床表现和X线特征进行了讨论。为了早期诊断及时治疗,对可疑病人应采取痰细胞学检查、纤支镜检查、肺穿刺、胸膜活检和淋巴结活检等主动发现措施。  相似文献   

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[目的]通过放射组学分析方法研究鉴别在计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)图像中表现为亚实性磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGNs),是属于侵袭性肺腺癌(invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas,IPAs)或非IPA,并结合传统CT图像定性特征与其他临床特征制定诊断IPA诺模图模型。[方法]回顾性收集2015年2月至2019年4月在新乡医学院第一附属医院进行手术确诊的88例患者,共计100个亚实性结节(56个IPA和44个非IPA)。选取增强CT动脉期图像进行3D结节感兴趣区的分割并计算定量放射组学特征。使用逻辑回归分析将一组常规临床风险因素和放射医生视觉评估的定性CT成像特征与放射学特征进行比较。建立3种诊断模型,即使用临床风险因素和CT定性特征的基础模型,使用包含具有统计学意义的放射组学特征模型,以及结合所有重要特征的诺模图模型,并根据接受者操作特性曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)对三种模型的诊断效能分别进行比较。[结果]除了3个视觉评估的CT定性成像特征外,还发现从数百个放射学特征中选择的另外三个定量特征(P<0.05)与诊断IPA显著性相关。ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)的显示采用诊断诺模图模型区分IPA与非IPA的性能最佳(AUC=0.903),均高于基础模型(AUC=0.853,P=0.0009)或放射组学模型(AUC=0.769,P<0.0001)。决策曲线分析也表明在临床诊断中使用此诺模图模型的潜在益处。[结论]除临床评估的CT图像定性特征外,定量放射学特征为鉴别IPA和非IPA提供了有效帮助,基于以上两类重要特征的诊断列线图模型在临床上可用于术前决策。  相似文献   

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Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) makes it possible to detect malignant tumors based onthe diffusion of water molecules. However, it is uncertain whether DWI has advantages over FDG-PET fordistinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary nodules and masses. Materials and Methods: One hundredforty-three lung cancers, 17 metastatic lung tumors, and 29 benign pulmonary nodules and masses were assessedin this study. DWI and FDG-PET were performed. Results: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value(1.27±0.35 ×10-3 mm2/sec) of malignant pulmonary nodules and masses was significantly lower than that (1.66±0.58×10-3 mm2/sec) of benign pulmonary nodules and masses. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax:7.47±6.10) of malignant pulmonary nodules and masses were also significantly higher than that (3.89±4.04) ofbenign nodules and masses. By using optimal cutoff values for ADC (1.44×10-3 mm2/sec) and for SUVmax (3.43),which were determined with receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC curves), the sensitivity (80.0%) ofDWI was significantly higher than that (70.0%) of FDG-PET. The specificity (65.5%) of DWI was equal to that(65.5%) of FDG-PET. The accuracy (77.8%) of DWI was not significantly higher than that (69.3%) of FDGPETfor pulmonary nodules and masses. As the percentage of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) componentin adenocarcinoma increased, the sensitivity of FDG-PET decreased. DWI could not help in the diagnosis ofmucinous adenocarcinomas as malignant, and FDG-PET could help in the correct diagnosis of 5 out of 6 mucinousadenocarcinomas as malignant. Conclusions: DWI has higher potential than PET in assessing pulmonary nodulesand masses. Both diagnostic approaches have their specific strengths and weaknesses which are determined bythe underlying pathology of pulmonary nodules and masses.  相似文献   

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杨立新  单利  吴莉 《肿瘤防治研究》2009,36(11):957-960
目的 分析肺癌患者并发肺部真菌感染的影响因素及临床特点,以有效预防和控制感染。方法收集新疆肿瘤医院2007年1月~12月出院的872例肺癌患者的临床资料,对其中合并肺部真菌感染的87例资料总结,分析真菌感染的影响因素及真菌种类特点。结果 872例肺癌患者中,肺部真菌感染87例,感染发生率9.9%。真菌类型主要为念珠菌菌属(96.6%),其中白色念珠菌(81%)为主要菌种,主要影响因素有年龄≥50岁,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的中晚期肺癌患者、住院时间≥14天、化疗、放疗,侵袭性操作、白细胞减少≥Ⅲ度,长时间使用抗生素及激素(P<0.05)。而患者的性别,肺癌的病理分型,是否行手术治疗与肺部真菌感染无关(P>0.05)。结论 减少易感因素,及时治疗是降低肺癌患者真菌感染的有效措施。  相似文献   

15.
肺结节评估四大指南比较分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
近20年来,随着计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)技术的提高和肺癌高危人群筛查的普及,越来越多的肺部小结节被发现,然而肺结节的定性诊断仍有很多困难.肺结节是临床上一种常见的现象,恶性结节早期发病比较隐匿,如果不进行早期干预,其病程迅速、恶性程度强、预后差.如果能在早期阶段对病灶进行手术切除,将会明显改善肺癌患者的预后.目前针对肺结节的处理指南层出不穷,但各大指南均未达成统一的共识.本文拟对在国内影响最大的四个指南:美国国家综合癌症网络非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)临床实践指南、美国胸科医师协会肺癌诊疗指南、Fleischner-Society肺结节处理策略指南、肺结节的评估亚洲共识指南所推荐的肺结节诊断和处理策略进行介绍和分析.  相似文献   

16.
肺癌组织内肺动脉灌注血管立体构筑   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
目的:为探讨肺癌介入治疗宜采用的动脉,研究肺癌组织内肺动脉的立体构筑。方法:5 例手术切除肺癌标本应用10 % ABS丙酮液从肺动脉高压灌注进行肿瘤血管铸型,并在立体显微镜下观察肺癌组织肺动脉立体构筑。78 例支气管动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析。光学显微镜下观察肺癌组织内毛细血管床。结果:按动脉分布,肺癌组织可分为三个不同区带:支气管动脉主要供应肺癌的中心区;肺癌外带肺动脉相对密集,呈向心直行并互相吻合;癌周组织带有粗大纡曲走行的动脉,向肺癌组织内或包膜内延伸。结论:证实肺动脉参与肺癌供血。认为晚期肺癌单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗(BAI)中,宜辅以肺动脉灌注化疗(PAI)。  相似文献   

17.
廖宗山 《实用癌症杂志》2014,(11):1492-1494
目的探究低剂量螺旋CT对肺结节患者恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取经CT检查发现有肺结节的患者62例,分别行低剂量CT扫描(40 m A)和常规剂量(200 m A)CT扫描各一次,观察比较2种剂量扫描患者的结节形态学特征、结核增殖灶、肉芽肿性病变、炎性结节、肺转移癌、肺癌、肺结节的病理分期和组织分型的特点。结果结节密度不均、分叶、空洞、钙化、支气管充气征、毛刺在低剂量组与常规剂量组中差异不明显(P>0.05)。低剂量组定性诊断结核增殖灶、肉芽肿性病变、炎性结节、肺转移癌、肺癌与常规剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对肺癌的病理分期、组织分型的确诊在低剂量组与常规剂量间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低剂量螺旋CT扫描和常规剂量螺旋CT扫描对肺结节患者恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断无差异,而低剂量螺旋CT扫描具有安全性较高的优势。  相似文献   

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目的:总结支气管袖状肺叶切除、肺动脉成形术治疗中央型肺癌的经验体会。方法:1998年1月至2006年12月,对11例中央型肺癌患者分别施行袖状肺叶切除,部分患者同时行肺动脉成形术,包括左肺上叶支气管袖状切除1例;右肺上叶支气管袖状切除4例;右肺上中叶支气管袖状切除1例;右肺上叶支气管袖状及右肺动脉成形4例;右肺上叶支气管及右肺动脉双袖状切除1例。疗效满意,回顾分析其临床资料。结果:全组患者无住院死亡(〈30天)。发生手术后并发症3例,发生率27.3%。2例分别于术后1年、3年死亡,余健在。结论:部分中央型肺癌进行袖状肺叶切除、肺动脉成形术是安全、有效、可行的,能最大限度切除病灶和保留健肺,提高了中央型肺癌患者的治愈率和远期生存率。  相似文献   

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