Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损合并软组织缺损

目的 探讨Ilizarov技术Ⅰ期治疗胫骨大段骨缺损合并软组织缺损的可行性.方法 2003年9月-2010年9月收治胫骨大段骨缺损合并软组织缺损患者24例,均为胫骨开放性骨折(Gustilo Ⅲ B型20例,Gustilo Ⅲ C型4例).在患肢上安放Ilizarov外固定架.清创术后小腿胫前内侧软组织缺损10 cm×6 cm,胫骨骨缺损(8±4)cm.对15例胫骨骨缺损＜5 cm的患者使用Ⅰ期清创、腓骨截骨、胫骨缺损端加压.对9例胫骨缺损＞5 cm的患者采用Ⅰ期清创、骨运输-骨延长.对15例患者采用Ⅰ期清创,封闭创面或缩小创面、骨搬移,Ⅱ期清理皮肤嵌顿及清理骨折端.结果 所有患者随访10～24个月,平均14个月.骨缺损均得以重建,患肢肢体长度与健侧之差＜2 cm,骨折愈合,创面均闭合.1例术后出现腓总神经麻痹,术后3个月恢复.19例未通过额外手术进行修复.3例通过游离皮片植皮成活,2例通过局部旋转皮瓣修复覆盖创面.结论 Ⅰ期使用Ilizarov外固定架进行骨搬移肢体是治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的有效方法.     

Ilizarov骨短缩-延长技术治疗胫骨骨与软组织缺损效果观察

目的 分析Ilizarov骨短缩-延长技术治疗无血管损伤的胫骨骨与软组织缺损的效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年8月—2017年3月无锡市第九人民医院采用Ilizarov骨短缩-延长技术治疗的19例无血管损伤的胫骨骨与软组织缺损患者临床资料,男性11例,女性8例;年龄26～57岁,平均42.3岁.软组织缺损范围5cm×3...     

抗生素骨水泥结合抗生素在外固定治疗创伤性胫骨骨髓炎的疗效体会

应用抗生素骨水泥结合抗生素治疗创伤性胫骨骨髓炎患者34例,术后随访13~21个月,胫骨骨折均良好愈合,未见与骨水泥材料有关的不良反应,无复发感染。外固定后1、3、6个月及末次随访胫骨缺损长度和软组织缺损面积均较治疗前改善(P0.05),治疗后踝关节Kofoed评分及膝关节ROM均较治疗前改善(P0.05)。使用抗生素骨水泥结合抗生素治疗的方法可控制胫骨骨缺损感染的发生,有助于恢复关节功能,促进骨折愈合。     

联合 Ilizarov 及 VSD 技术治疗合并软组织缺损的胫骨干骨缺损

目的：探讨Ilizarov技术及VSD技术联合使用在治疗合并软组织缺损的胫骨干骨缺损中的临床应用效果。方法选择2011年2月～2014年7月收治的合并软组织缺损的胫骨干骨缺损患者28例,男性18例,女性10例;年龄13～62岁,平均37.6岁。骨缺损长度2.5～10.8cm,平均6.7cm,软组织缺损面积（1.5cm ×3.5cm～4.5cm ×8.8cm,平均2.7cm ×6.4cm）。一期清创,清除感染及粉碎严重的骨质,胫骨干骺端截骨,安装Ilizarov外固定架,VSD护创材料覆盖创面,术后1周行皮肤及骨组织同时推移。结果所有患者随访5～23个月,平均15个月。骨缺损均得以重建并骨性愈合,患侧肢体长度与健侧之差＜1.5cm,创面均愈合。外固定指数1.3～2.5个月／cm,平均2.05个月／cm。结论联合Ilizarov及VSD技术治疗合并软组织缺损的胫骨干骨缺损疗效满意,实现了骨与软组织缺损的同期治疗。     

骨外固定技术治疗创伤后胫骨干骨髓炎骨缺损

应用骨外固定技术治疗伴有骨缺损的创伤后胫骨干骨髓炎。手术进行彻底的病灶清除,骨缺损处旷置,同时在胫骨干骺端行截骨术,使用改良Ilizarov外固定架,骨延长和骨缺损处会师紧密结合,无需内固定和植骨,疗效满意。     

Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨大段感染性骨缺损并发症分析

胫骨大段感染性骨缺损的处理较为棘手。Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨大段感染性骨缺损是安全有效的,但其并发症不能被忽视。本文就Ilizarov技术治疗胫骨大段感染性骨缺损的并发症及处理作一总结。     

骨搬移技术治疗慢性胫骨骨髓炎伴长段骨缺损临床效果

根据不同治疗方式将140例胫骨骨髓炎伴长段骨缺损患者分为观察组、对照组各70例。观察组行骨搬移技术,对照组采取同侧带蒂腓骨转移治疗。两组随访12~24个月,骨愈合良好,患者骨性愈合率达100%,未出现血管神经损伤者。观察组Paley骨折愈合评分、Baird-Jackson评分及纽约特种外科医院(HHS)膝关节评分均优于对照组(P0.05)。骨搬移技术用于胫骨骨髓炎伴长段骨缺损患者,手术操作简便,术后治疗周期短,骨愈合率高,值得临床借鉴。     

腓肠肌肌皮瓣治疗胫骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎伴骨与软组织缺损

目的探讨应用多种腓肠肌肌皮瓣转移治疗胫骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎伴骨与软组织缺损的临床选择及效果。方法 2005年6月—2008年6月,对16例胫骨慢性创伤性骨髓炎合并骨缺损骨外露的患者,采用病灶清除,骨质缺损较多行Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期植骨,外固定支架固定,分别应用腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣、腓肠肌外侧头肌皮瓣、腓肠肌内外侧头联合肌皮瓣、腓肠肌内或外侧头肌瓣加植皮,术后常规滴注引流进行治疗。男14例,女2例,年龄17～59岁。皮瓣面积6 cm×4 cm～18 cm×9 cm。结果随访6～24月,全部转移皮瓣一期存活。Ⅰ期植骨2例,Ⅱ期植骨4例1,例慢性骨髓炎复发,植骨失败,经3次清创后感染治愈;其余病例感染均未复发,植骨愈合好,植骨愈合时间3.4～6.7月,平均4.6个月。结论腓肠肌肌皮瓣具有血供丰富、操作简单、成活率高以及不牺牲重要血管等特点。治疗胫骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎并骨与软组织缺损,既可以改善病灶局部血液循环、又可以进行创面覆盖,同时还可以进行滴注引流,提高疗效,缩短病程,减少费用,是一种切实可行的有效方法。     

创伤后骨感染合并骨缺损临床治疗技术研究进展

创伤后骨感染合并骨缺损的治疗周期长, 是骨科医师面临的一大难题。Ilizarov技术是治疗创伤后骨感染合并骨缺损的经典方式之一, 但近年来, Masquelet技术为创伤后骨感染合并骨缺损提供了新的治疗方法。为此, 笔者就Ilizarov技术和Masquelet技术治疗创伤后骨感染合并骨缺损的临床应用进展作一综述, 以期为临床治疗选择提供参考。     

负压引流技术治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的临床疗效观察

目的评价负压引流技术在治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎中的应用。方法对本院2005年5月至2008年5月本院采用负压引流技术治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎临床病例进行回顾性分析。结果使用VSD负压引流技术治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎5例,均伤口愈合出院。随访半年4例无复发,另1例男性病员于三月后复发。结论负压封闭引流技术治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎疗效优于常规治疗,为临床提供了一个新的治疗方法。     

Ilizarov牵拉技术治疗儿童外伤性马蹄内翻足

目的 探讨Ilizarov外固定架结合有限手术治疗儿童外伤性马蹄内翻足的方法和疗效. 方法 选择2006年1月-2012年6月收治的40例43足外伤性马蹄足患者,采用Ilizarov外固定架结合有限的软组织松解术治疗26例(28足)、截骨术治疗14例(15足),治疗前后分别按国际马蹄足研究组(international clubfoot study group,ICFSG)评分标准即功能(36分)、形态(12分)、影像(12分)三个方面评分. 结果 患者均获得随访,时间0.5-6年,ICFSG评分:优28足,良10足,中4足,差l足,优良率达88％,显示外伤性足畸形获得良好矫形,足负重行走功能良好,复发率低. 结论 传统开放手术治疗儿童外伤性马蹄足创伤大、疗效差,Ilizarov微创牵拉技术可弥补其缺点,应用Ilizarov外固定架结合有限手术在治疗儿童外伤性马蹄足中可取得良好疗效.     

船员四肢创伤性软组织缺损43例的显微外科治疗

目的　报告应用显微外科皮瓣修复船员四肢软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法　应用 14种皮瓣、肌皮瓣及骨皮瓣 ,其中躯干部 4种 18块 ,下肢 5种 10块 ,上肢 5种 16块 ,通过游离移植或带蒂转位方法 ,修复四肢因严重创伤所致软组织缺损、肌腱及骨外露或缺损。结果　移植的组织共 44块 ,其中成活 42块 ,坏死 2块 ,成活率 95 .5 %。经 3个月～ 5年 (平均 11个月 )随访 ,皮瓣成活良好 ,所有修复的肢体保留和恢复了功能。结论　采用皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损见效快 ,疗效好 ,能取得良好临床效果     

Mimics of bone and soft tissue neoplasms

Many benign nonneoplastic entities can mimic bone and soft tissue tumors on imaging examinations. Distinguishing between neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities depends on history and physical examination findings and imaging findings, and is an important early step in the patient's overall workup and treatment plan. This article describes some of the pseudotumors seen on imaging studies in our orthopedic oncology clinic, as well as mimics of bone and soft tissue neoplasms described in the medical literature. Tumor mimics resulting from anatomic and developmental variants, trauma, infection and inflammation, osteonecrosis and myonecrosis, articular and juxta-articular conditions, and miscellaneous causes are discussed.     

The value of thallium and three-phase bone scans in the evaluation of bone and soft tissue sarcomas

Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed or treated sarcomas had 47 sets of sequential thallium scans (TS) followed by three-phase bone scan (TPBS) on the same day. The diagnosis in all patients was verified by biopsy (n=40) or long-term follow-up studies (n=7). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TS and TPBS in detecting sarcomatous lesions was calculated: TS sensitivity was 88%, specificity 69%, and accuracy 83%; blood flow (BF) and blood pool (BP) sensitivity was 91%, specificity 54%, and accuracy 81 %; delayed bone scan (DB) sensitivity was 88%, specificity 38%, and accuracy 74%. In 17 studies the flow and blood pool parts of the TPBS and TS demonstrated the soft tissue component of sarcomas, which would have been missed if only the delayed bone scan had been performed. The TS lesion to normal tissue ratio alone was not very helpful in differentiating sarcomas from benign conditions because some benign lesions are highly cellular and vascular while some malignant lesions, such as chondrosarcoma, have poor vascularity and a less cellular chondroid matrix. However, when the thallium ratio was correlated with similar ratios calculated from yhe BP image, it was found that if the TS lesion to normal tissue ratio exceeded the BP lesion to normal tissue ratio (12 patients), the specificity for detecting sarcomatous lesions was 100%. Nevertheless, the reverse was not true. The positive predictive value of this observation was 100% and the negative predictive value was 37%.     

Local changes in bone marrow at MRI after treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma

Objective  To determine the prevalence and appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes that occur in local bone marrow after radiation therapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Materials and methods  Seventy patients with primary STS at the level of a long bone who also had undergone pretreatment MRI and at least one post-treatment MRI of the tumor bed were identified. MRIs of each patient were retrospectively reviewed for new changes in marrow signal in the region of the tumor bed and for the morphology, relative signal intensities, heterogeneity, and progression or regression of changes over time. Results  Focal signal changes in marrow were observed in 26/70 patients (37%) at a median of 9.5 months after RT and/or chemotherapy and diffuse changes in seven (10%) at a median of 8 months. Patients who received neither RT nor chemotherapy did not develop marrow changes. Mean RT doses in patients with changes and those without were 5,867 and 6,076 cGy, respectively. In most patients with focal changes, changes were seen in all sequences and were linear–curvilinear, patchy, or mixed at the level of the tumor bed. Predominant signal intensity of changes was between muscle and fat at T1WI and between muscle and fluid at fat-saturated T2WI or short tau inversion recovery. Most focal changes enhanced heterogeneously and increased or fluctuated in size over time. Conclusion  Changes in MRI appearance of long bone marrow frequently are evident after combined RT and chemotherapy for STS and most commonly increase or fluctuate in size over time. These changes have various non-mass-like configurations and often show signal intensities similar to those of red marrow and thus should not be mistaken for metastases. The marrow changes might represent an early stage of gelatinous transformation of marrow.     

骨与软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的探讨原发性骨与软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理及免疫组化证实的骨与软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤患者的临床、MRI及病理资料。其中10例原发于软组织,8例原发于骨骼。结果原发性软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤好发于深部软组织,其MRI表现为：T1WI多呈稍低信号或等信号,T2WI均呈混杂高信号,部分可见分隔征（6/10）、假包膜（4/10）及瘤周水肿（2/10）,增强扫描肿瘤实性部分多明显强化;骨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤好发于长骨骨端,其MRI表现为：T1WI多呈等低信号,T2WI均呈混杂高信号,内可见斑片状等低信号,病灶周围常见不完整的低信号环（6/8）,增强扫描病变呈不均匀强化;骨质破坏周围多伴有软组织肿块（6/8）,部分伴有病理性骨折（3/8）。结论 MRI对骨与软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的诊断缺乏特异性,确诊需依靠病理检查。     

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery simulating soft tissue malignancy

Two patients presenting with false aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery are illustrated. Presentation was remote from the time of trauma and the diagnosis of neoplasm was initially considered in both because of the bony and soft tissue changes. The purpose of this report is to bring attention to the possibility of delayed vascular injury simulating tumor by describing the radiographic features of these two proven cases.     

The role of MRS in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors

Objective

The aim of our study was to investigate the value of choline in the discrimination of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors.

Materials and methods

The study group consisted of thirty subjects with bone or soft tissue tumors larger than 1.5 cm in diameter. The experiments were performed in a 1.5 T MR scanner. Coils were selected according to specific locations. A single-voxel MRS was performed for three different TE (time to echo) (31, 136, 272 ms). The volume of interest was positioned on the brightest enhancement. The presence of a cholin peak on at least 2 of these spectrums was considered as the marker of malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the MRS in the detection and diagnosis of malignant lesions were calculated. The reproducibility of MRS and histopathological results were tested with kappa statistics.

Results

Histopathologically, 18 (60%) of the lesions were classed as malignant whereas 12 (40%) were classed as benign. With MRS, 15 (50%) of these lesions were classed as malignant and 15 (50%) as benign. Two patients who were found spectroscopically to have malignant tumors were shown histopathologically to have benign types. Five patients with an MRS showing a benign type were classed with malignant types in histopathological examinations. MRS had a sensitivity rate of 72.2%, specificity of 83.3%, and an accuracy rate of 76.6% in detecting malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. The interrater reliability of both techniques had a kappa value of 0.533.

Conclusions

MRS may help in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors.