Lymph circulation in the febrile reaction and possible antipyretic correction

The febrile reaction in dogs, as established experimentally, is accompanied by a significant intensification of the lymph flow. Metapyrin provides a strong boost to the lymph circulation, improving exchange processes between the blood and tissues Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 180–181, February, 1994     

Adaptation of the membrane receptor apparatus of blood cells after the combined use of cryodestruction and plasma beam in experimental cirrhosis of the liver

It is shown that cryodestruction combined with resection with a plasma beam aggravates alterations of the functions of the blood cell receptor complex affected by cirrhosis, leading to hypoinsulinemia, inhibited capacity of cells to utilize glucose, a lowered metabolic activity of insulin receptors, and other changes. Three weeks after surgery the energy metabolism of the blood cells returns to the normal level, while the activity of insulin receptors and of hexokinase exceeds the control level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 647–650, June, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Distribution of a morphogenic peptide activating the head growth of hydra in rat organs following intravascular administration of3H-labeled peptide

The organ distribution of radioactivity following intravascular bolus injection of³H-Lys-head growth activator in rats was studied. Two minutes after injection the renal level of radioactivity exceeded the blood level 7-fold; 80% of the total activity was bound with the blood cell membranes. An analysis of chemical derivatives of the labeled peptide in the plasma by means of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of several groups of radioactive metabolites with different hydrophilic properties. High-performance liquid chromatography of blood extracts obtained from samples taken 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 31, and 60 min after injection showed the transformation of initially hydrophobic head growth activator into more hydrophilic fragments. The³H-Lys-head growth activator-associated radioactivity could be reliably detected in the blood onl during the first two minutes after injection. The half-period of blood-to-organ distribution of³H-labeled head growth activator lasted less than 30 seconds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 466–469, November, 1994 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Enzyme levels in the lymph of febrile animals of different age groups

Fever in young rabbits was accompanied by more pronounced and longer-lasting changes in the lymph levels of various enzymes than in adult rabbits, suggesting a greater lability of metabolic processes, of cell membrane permeability, and of “enzymic homeostasis” in general in younger animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 139–141, August, 1995 Pressented by A. D. Ado. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Altered activity of respiratory chain enzymes in mitochondria of peripheral blood lymphocytes after irradiation in rats

The effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and succinate-cytochrome C-oxidoreductase in peripheral blood lymphocytes is studied on rats exposed to whole-body γ-irradiation in doses of 9.5–10.5 Gy. On day 5 after irradiation, when the number of lymphocytes is sharply reduced, enzyme activity in the remaining population is found to be reliably increased. These changes are not related to biological cycles. It is assumed that most of the survivors after high-dose irradiation are the cell populations maintaining a high level of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Giologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 158–159, August, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The state of the microcirculatory bed,microhemodynamics, and oxygen supply of the liver under conditions of disrupted parasympathetic innervation

Vagotomy is shown to result in disturbances of the microcirculation (a reduced rate of blood flow and distortion of its kinetics), the morphological basis of which consists of certain transformations of the microvascular network organization and ultrastructural changes in the cells lining the sinusoidal capillaries. The most pronounced disorders in microhemodynamics and blood supply of the liver are found 5–14 days after vagotomy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 328–330, September, 1994 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of hemodilution and hemoconcentration on postischemic alterations of microvessels in rabbit paired auricles

Morphometric parameters of microvessels in paired rabbit ears and blood sampled from the internal vein were studied after ischemia reproduced under conditions of prior hemodilution and hemoconcentration. In hemodilution the postischemic alterations were found to be more pronounced in microvessels of the left ear, while for the right the same was true for rheological characteristics of the outflowing blood. Under conditions of hemoconcentration after ischemia the changes in rheological indexes were more marked on the left and in vasomotor indexes on the right. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 352–354, March, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of supplementing the rat diet with selenium on the efficiency of essential linoleic acid metabolism

Examination of the fatty-acid composition of lipids contained in the liver, spleen, blood plasma, aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats fed diets supplemented with selenium revealed an appreciable effect of this element on the efficiency with which linoleic acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, which was reflected in an increased 20:4/18:2 ratio. In contrast, Se was found to have little or no effect on levels of lipid peroxidation products in tissues and blood serum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 136–138, August, 1994     

Effect of purine antagonists on the cAMP level in lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts

The effect of the purine receptor ligands N-ethylcarboxamide adenine and adenosine and of the purine antagonists mercaptopurine and azathioprine on the intracellular cAMP content in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphoblasts was studied. All preparations tested induced an increase in the cAMP level in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The selective immunosuppressive effect of adenosine antagonists may be due to their ability to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in lymphoid cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o . 3, pp. 294–296, March, 1995     

Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of binding sites for high-density lipoproteins in cultured rat hepatocytes (Independence of the hormone effect on the intracellular cholesterol pool)

It is shown that glucocorticoids play a key regulatory role directed toward the maintenance of an optimal level of binding and internalization of HDL₃ in hepatocytes. Their stimulatory effect on the expression of HDL receptors proves to be independent of changes in the CH content in parenchymal cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 50–53, January, 1994     

Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex for subcutaneous immunization in pads

T lymphocytes from immune lymph nodes, specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex, were found to contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors which mature to become effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes only in the presence of helper cells and L3T4⁺, but not Lyt2⁺ T helpers. The findings indicate that a subcutaneous injection of alloantigen of the class I major histocompatibility complex for immunization in the pads leads to the creaction of the type of microenvironment of the lymph nodes which prevents activation of Lyt2⁺ T helpers or leads to the activation of their functionally negligible part. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 190–193, February, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of generalized wound infection in immunized rats

The occurrence of the pyocyanic bacillus in the blood and spleen is compared after intramuscular administration to intact and immunized animals. It is demonstrated that blood clearance is performed by transferring the causative agent to splenic phagocytes. It is suggested that antibodies agglutinize the microorganisms in the primary focus of infection and prevent their entry into the blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 545–546, May, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural changes in spiny neurons of the rat striatum after a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine

A decrease in the profile field of bodies and dendrite branching of neurons is revealed. An increase in dendrite lengths and in the area occupied by the bodies of spiny neurons is demonstrated 4 and 12 months postoperation due to the growth of terminal dendritic segments and increased number and length of unbranched dendrites. The positive changes in striatal spiny neurons after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine are indicative of a high level of their plasticity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol, 117, N ^o 4, pp. 446–448, April, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of opioid lymphostimulation on the microcirculation in pial vessels of the ischemized rat brain

The response of pial vessels to i.p. administration of leu-enkephalin (at 40 μg/kg) is studied biomicroscopically in the control, before and after bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Leu-enkephalin causes chiefly the narrowing of pial arterioles and does not affect venule diameter. The effect of leu-enkephalin on occlusion of the common carotid arteries manifests itself in the preservation of circulation stability, the narrowing of some arterioles, and in the decrease of the degree of dilation. These changes occur against the background of lowered arterial pressure, bradycardia, increased local circulation in the brain cortex by 50–70%, intensification of the lymph flow in micro- and macrovessels, and the absence of mortality of animals in the first hours of occlusion of the arteries. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 100–105, January, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of serotonin deficiency on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system in rat fetuses

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone drops in the hypothalamus of male but not female rat fetuses in serotonin (5-HT) deficiency. This drop is coincident with an increase of the luteinizing hormone (LH) level in blood plasma of males. An influence of testosterone on LH-RH or LH secretion should be ruled out, because the level of testosterone is not changed in the testes and blood plasma. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol.117, N ^o 6, pp. 616–618, June, 1994 Presented by I. B. Zbarskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Ca2+ transport in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum of rats during antiorthostatic off-loading and during readaptation

The rate of Ca²⁺ accumulation in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum is studied in experiments on rats under conditions of hind paw functional off-loading by suspending animals by the tail for 1 to 40 days, as well as during a 2-week period of readaptation after a 40-day load relief. The rate of Ca²⁺ transport in the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum reliably drops (by 33%) after 40 days of suspension. At earlier stages of off-loading Ca-pump activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum does not change reliably. After resumption of the loads in animals suspended for 40 days, the transporting function of the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum rapidly reverts to the control level, which is indicative of a reversible pattern of load relief-induced changes in the rate of Ca²⁺ transport. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsity, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 596–599, December, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Energy metabolism in lymphocytes during bone tissue regeneration

Phasic changes in the activity of aerobic oxidative processes in blood lymphocytes during distraction of a limb are demonstrated on a model of distraction osteogenesis. The rate of cell respiration during a favorable course of regeneration increases at the end of the postoperative period, at the end of distraction, and during the 9th month after its completion. Unsuccessful regeneration is associated with more marked shifts of lymphocyte respiration. The described changes are related to activation of the function of lymphocytes participating in the regulation of regenerative processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 310–312, September, 1995 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of anapriline on the conductivity of the vascular bed

The effect of anapriline on the blood flow-pressure relationship is assessed for stepwise changes in the rate of perfusion of the vessels in the hind quarter of the cat body. It is demonstrated that when the synthesis of endothelium-relaxing factor is inhibited, the effect of anapriline is changed, and the augmentation of flow-dependent vasodilation is replaced by vasoconstriction, which increases with the increase in the blood flow through the vessel. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5 pp. 510–512, May, 1995 Presented by B. I. Tkachenko, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Influence of general anesthesia on acute experimental poisoning of cats with the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio

It is shown that general anesthesia strongly influences the resistance of animals to poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPC) such as Anthio, weakens compensatory/adaptive responses, and possibly acts synergistically with OPC in impairing tissue respiration. One to three days after peroral administration of Anthio, reduced oxygen tension in arterial blood and increased heart and respiratory rates were recorded in cats, although the arterial blood pressure tended to drop markedly. Anthio poisoning led to profound changes in the autonomic regulation of functions, which was manifested in sharply decreased parasympathetic influences. The function of the brain's GABA-ergic system did not change appreciably. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 587–590, June 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences