心得安单纯或联合使用在二级预防食管静脉曲张出血中的疗效比较

目的比较单纯心得安、套扎＋心得安、硬化剂＋心得安二级预防食管静脉曲张出血的疗效,探寻心得安二级预防食管静脉曲张出血的最佳组合。方法78例食管静脉曲张出血患者随机分成3组,每组26例,止血后分别给予心得安（心得安组）、套扎＋心得安（套扎组）、硬化剂＋心得安（硬化剂组）,比较各组12个月内再出血率、死亡率,以及各组门脉高压性胃病、胃底静脉曲张发生率、食管曲张静脉复发率。结果12个月内再出血率套扎组为30．77％,明显低于心得安组（53．85％）及硬化组（42．31％）（P均〈0．05）;套扎组和心得安组门脉高压性胃病及胃底静脉曲张发生率相似,都明显低于硬化组（P均〈0．05）;而食管静脉曲张再发率高于硬化组（P〈0．05）。结论在应用心得安的基础上进行套扎治疗可能是目前食管静脉曲张出血最有效的二级预防方法。     

内镜下连续套扎术加小剂量硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张的临床观察

目的：对比观察连续套扎术追加硬化剂注射(EVL EVS)与单纯EVL治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效。方法：将40例食管静脉曲张出血患者分成2组，对照组(EVL)20例，用尼龙圈对曲张静脉进行套扎。治疗组(EVL EVS)20例，套扎后在套扎点附近或两点之间注射少量硬化剂，直至曲张静脉消失。结果：对照组共进行70次316处套扎，术后内镜下分级F1 10例，F2 9例，F3 1例，无并发症发生，复发1例。治疗组共进行37次203处套扎，116处硬化剂注射，术后内镜下分级F0 13例，F1 7例，1次治疗后F0 8例，除4例轻度胸痛外，未见其他并发症，无复发。结论：EVL EVS治疗食管静脉曲张效果优于单纯EVL，且疗程短，并发症少，复发率低。     

套扎和硬化法对食管静脉曲张出血治疗的比较研究

目的为比较六连发套扎和硬化注射治疗食管静脉曲张破裂止血的即刻和远期疗效进行了本研究．方法六连发套扎组共22例，平均年龄36岁，平均出血量1500mL．静脉曲张为重度．于治疗后6mo～12mo复查内镜2次．硬化注射组共24例，平均年龄40岁，出血量1420mL．静脉曲张为重度．静脉内注射5％鱼肝油酸钠20mL～40mL．住院期间进行3～4次注射治疗，随访12mo～18mo。结果套扎组即刻止血率100％，明显高于硬化注射组的79．2％（P＜0．05）．套扎组随访期内再出血率为9．1％，明显低于硬化注射组的33．3％（P＜0．05）．套扎组的平均住院天数为21d，注射组为36d．硬化注射组的住院死亡率为12．5％，与套扎组的0％无显著性差异（P＞0．05）．结论从比较研究的结果看，套扎治疗法对即刻止血优于硬化剂注射止血法，且在长期的随访中再出血的发生率也低，值得推广．     

急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的比较

目的比较食管静脉曲张破裂出血急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对210例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,急诊情况下行内镜下套扎或硬化治疗,并分析比较两组急诊止血成功率、近期再出血率、急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率、不良反应、并发症、病死率等情况。结果急诊止血成功率套扎组达95.4%,硬化组达96.0%;近期再出血率分别为4.8%和4.1%;套扎组急诊治疗曲张静脉消失率明显优于硬化组（P〈0.01）。两组不良反应、并发症及病死率无差别。临床疗效与肝功能呈正相关。结论急诊内镜下套扎与硬化治疗食管静脉曲张出血均为有效、安全的止血方法。临床上可结合患者实际情况综合考虑后选择。     

经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张和门脉高压性胃病的疗效及预后

目的：观察经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效及对门脉高压性胃病（PHG）的影响。方法;对92例患者随机分为套扎组（n=43)和硬化剂（n=49),分别在治疗后1－3月和1－3年内复查。观察静脉曲张及PHG的转归情况。结果：1－3月内复查套扎组完成26例,其中食管静脉曲张根除12例,曲张减轻12例,无效2例,PHG加重17例。硬化剂组完成29例,其中静脉曲张根除4例,曲张减轻22例,无效3例,PHG加重11例。1－3年内复查套扎组和硬化剂组的再曲张率及再出血率分别为61．5％、46．7％和44．4％．33．3％。结论：近期套扎治疗在根治静脉曲张方面优于硬化剂注射,但更易诱发和加重PHG。而套扎组和硬化剂组远期均可出现再曲张和再出血。两组比较无差异。     

蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张内镜下套扎 与组织胶注射治疗的对比分析

目的评价蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张内镜下套扎与组织胶注射治疗带来的风险与获益。方法2015年6月—2020年6月,因食管胃底静脉曲张在安徽医科大学第一附属医院消化内科接受内镜下静脉曲张套扎术或内镜下组织胶注射术治疗,符合胃底曲张静脉呈蔓状隆起（Hashizume标准F1型）的食管胃连通型血管（LDRf分型标准Le,gf型）病例193例纳入回顾性分析,按治疗方式分成胃底及食管套扎组（胃底和食管曲张静脉均行内镜下套扎术治疗,32例）、组织胶组（胃底曲张静脉行内镜下组织胶注射术治疗、食管曲张静脉行内镜下套扎术治疗,71例）和单纯食管套扎组（仅食管曲张静脉行内镜下套扎术治疗,90例）,对比分析3组的再出血率、治疗有效率、治疗显效率和并发症发生情况。结果（1）再出血率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为18.75%（6/32）、12.68%（9/71）和3.33%（3/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.110,P＜0.016）。（2）3组治疗有效率均为100.00%。治疗显效率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为37.50%（12/32）、25.35%（18/71）和14.44%（13/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.702,P＜0.016）。（3）3组均未出现肺部感染、肝性脑病、自发性细菌性腹膜炎和穿孔。胸痛或腹痛发生率胃底及食管套扎组、组织胶组和单纯食管套扎组分别为18.75%（6/32）、11.27%（8/71）和2.22%（2/90）,仅在胃底及食管套扎组与单纯食管套扎组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.524,P＜0.016）。发热、恶心呕吐发生率3组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论胃底和食管静脉曲张同时行内镜下套扎术治疗,以及胃底静脉曲张行内镜下组织胶注射术联合食管静脉曲张行内镜下套扎术治疗,对于蔓状隆起型胃底静脉曲张病例并无更多获益,而单纯行食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎术治疗可能获益更多。     

“U型”反转套扎技术在食管胃静脉曲张治疗中的应用

目的评价“U型”反转套扎技术治疗食管胃静脉曲张的疗效。方法将191例食管胃静脉曲张患者随机分为2组：内镜下常规套扎（EVL）组101例行内镜下常规套扎;内镜下反转套扎（EVLR）组90例先行反转镜环周套扎贲门下曲张静脉,而后常规套扎食管。观察术后18个月内曲张静脉治疗效果、平均治疗次数、急诊止血率、近期再出血率及静脉曲张复发率等。结果随访期内,治疗后显效率、无效率,平均治疗次数,2组差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）,EVLR组明显优于EVL组,且EVLR组急诊止血率可达100％。但近期再出血率、静脉曲张复发率、并发症发生率、病死率与EVL组相比,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论经反转镜贲门下环周套扎法可以提高食管胃静脉曲张破裂急诊止血率,较常规套扎显效率高,治疗次数少,安全性高。     

奥曲肽降低食管曲张静脉压力及减少硬化剂注射针孔出血的临床研究

１０例肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者内镜直视下硬化剂注射针穿刺入曲张静脉内直接测压，继而外周静脉内推注奥曲肽（Ｏｃｔｒｅｏｔｉｄｅ）０．ｌｍｇ，测定其后１０分钟曲张静脉内压力变化。２０例患者静脉注射奥曲肽０．１ｍｇ，约１０分钟后行食管曲张静脉内硬化剂注射治疗，观察注射针孔出血情况并与２６例单纯硬化剂注射组作比较。结果表明奥曲肽静脉注射后１分钟内，所有用者均有效地降低曲张静脉内压力，１０分钟内平均降低５１％（１８．６５ｍｍＨｇ）。注射奥曲肽组曲张静脉硬化剂注射针孔出血较对照组明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究结果表明，奥曲肽能迅速有效地降低曲张静脉内压力，有利于控制食管静脉曲张急性出血；奥曲肽减少曲张静脉穿刺针孔出血可提高硬化剂注射治疗安全性。     

经皮经肝组织胶栓塞治疗食管静脉曲张与内镜下套扎治疗的疗效比较

目的比较经皮经肝α氰基丙烯酸正辛酯（TH胶）栓塞术（PTVE）与内镜下食管静脉套扎术（EVL）治疗食管静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法急性及近期食管胃静脉曲张出血的肝硬化患者随机分成PTVE组（52例）及EVL组（50例）进行干预治疗,观察术后上消化道再出血率、食管曲张静脉复发率及生存率。结果随访期间（PTVE组平均24个月,EVL组25个月）两组的上消化道再出血率分别为15．4％（8／52）和42％（21／50）（χ^2=8．87,P=0．005）,其中食管曲张静脉再出血率为5．8％（3／52）和24％（12／50）（χ^2=5．38,P=0．012）,两组食管静脉曲张复发率分别为17．3％（19／52）和52％（26／50）（χ^2=13．61,P〈0．001）,两组生存率相似,（χ^2=3．30,P=0．054）。结论PTVE能使曲张静脉及其穿支静脉和贲门胃底静脉周围静脉一并栓塞,术后食管静脉曲张的再出血率低于EVL治疗,具有较好临床价值。     

内镜下套扎与硬化夹心联合法治疗食管静脉曲张出血的研究

目的　了解套扎与硬化夹心联合法 (套扎 硬化 套扎 )能否获得优于单纯内镜下食管静脉曲张结扎 (EVL)的疗效。方法　对 98例肝硬化食管静脉曲张伴活动性出血或近期出血的患者随机采用单纯EVL或夹心法治疗 (EVL组 5 0例 ,夹心法组 4 8例 )。EVL组每条曲张静脉结扎皮圈不超过 3个 ,夹心法组每条曲张静脉结扎 2个皮圈 ,并在两个结扎点之间的曲张静脉内注射 1～ 3ml硬化剂。夹心法组 7例在首次内镜治疗时接受食管静脉造影检查。 7～ 10d重复 1次内镜治疗 ,直至静脉曲张消除。结果　 7例行静脉造影检查 ,其中 6例硬化剂在曲张静脉内滞留时间超过 4 5min。两种方法控制活动性食管静脉曲张出血 (EVB)的止血成功率相同 (10 0 .0 % ) ;两组间静脉曲张消除率相似 (夹心法组 93.8% ,EVL组 90 .2 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,但夹心法组一次治疗后静脉曲张消除率明显高于EVL组 (6 6 .7%比10 .0 % ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,达到消除的平均治疗次数明显减少 (1.2± 0 .4比 3.8± 1.5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,所需时间显著缩短 [(13.1± 4 .3)d比 (42 .5± 16 .7)d ,P <0 .0 1];与EVL组相比 ,夹心法组再出血率较低 (8.3%比2 8.0 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,随访期内静脉曲张复发率明显下降 (8.3%比 4 4 .0 % ,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;两组间并发症发生率相似 (夹心法组 1     

Improved long-term survival following complete eradication of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Conflicting results have been reported concerning the effect of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy upon the long-term survival of cirrhotic patients with esophageal varix. The recurrence and rebleeding of esophageal varices seems to be an important factor influencing long-term survival. We investigated the long-term survival of patients after complete eradication of esophageal varices. METHODOLOGY: Forty patients treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for acute esophageal variceal bleeding were studied. The recurrence rate of varices and the long-term survival of patients in whom complete eradication of esophageal varices was obtained were compared with those of patients in whom the eradication of varices was incomplete. RESULTS: The frequency of the recurrence/deterioration rate of varices and rebleeding in the complete eradication group was significantly lower than that in the incomplete eradication group (10.7% vs. 100%, 0% vs. 58.3%, respectively, p < 0.01). Accumulated 5-year survival rate of the complete eradication group was significantly higher than that of the incomplete eradication group (68.2% vs. 43.2%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Complete eradication of esophageal varices by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is effective both in preventing variceal re-bleeding and in improving the survival of cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices.     

Ethanolamine Oleate versus Absolute Alcohol as a Variceal Sclerosant: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Forty-seven patients with esophageal variceal bleeding were randomly allocated to undergo sclerotherapy on a 3 weekly schedule with either 5% ethanolamine oleate (23 patients) or absolute alcohol (24 patients), in an attempt to compare the efficacy and safety of the two sclerosants. Sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol eradicated esophageal varices significantly earlier compared with ethanolamine oleate (12.9 +/- 5.2 vs 22.3 +/- 8.2 wk, respectively, p less than 0.001). The mean number of injection courses and the mean amount of sclerosant required for variceal obliteration was also significantly (p less than 0.001) less in the alcohol-injected group. Although the total number of rebleeding episodes were significantly (p less than 0.05) less in the alcohol-injected group, the frequency of rebleeding was not significantly different between the two groups (20.8% vs 30.4%, respectively, p greater than 0.05). Two (8.1%) patients died due to rebleeding in the ethanolamine-injected group, whereas in the alcohol group, none died. There was no significant difference in the frequency of complications with the two sclerosants. Besides the relative ease of rapid injection due to its aqueous nature, alcohol is readily available and relatively economical (total cost of sclerosant per patient; alcohol US $0.50, ethanolamine US $60). In conclusion, absolute alcohol appears to be a useful alternative to 5% ethanolamine oleate as a variceal sclerosant.     

Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, but it is associated with significant complications. Endoscopic ligation, a new form of endoscopic treatment for bleeding varices, has been shown to be superior to sclerotherapy in adult patients with cirrhosis. To determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation, the 2 methods were compared in a randomized control trial in 49 children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction who had proven bleeding from esophageal varices. Twenty-four patients were treated with sclerotherapy and 25 with band ligation. No significant differences were found between the sclerotherapy and ligation groups in arresting active index bleeding (100% each) and achieving variceal eradication (91.7% vs. 96%, P =.61). Band ligation eradicated varices in fewer endoscopic sessions than did sclerotherapy (3.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.7, respectively, P <.0001). The rebleeding rate was significantly higher in the sclerotherapy group (25% vs. 4%, P =.049), as was the rate of major complications (25% vs. 4%, P =.049). After eradication, esophageal variceal recurrence was not significantly different in patients treated by ligation than by sclerotherapy (17.4% vs. 10%, P =.67). In conclusion, variceal band ligation in children is a safe and effective technique that achieves variceal eradication more quickly, with a lower rebleeding rate and fewer complications compared with sclerotherapy.     

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation versus endoscopic injection sclerotherapy alone in the management of esophageal varices: a prospective randomized trial

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation is a technique by which endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is first carried out for a target esophageal varix using an endoscope equipped with a device for endoscopic variceal ligation, and subsequently, endoscopic variceal ligation is performed for the varix together with the injection site of the sclerosing agent. The aim of this prospective, randomized trial was to compare endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy techniques in utility for patients with esophageal varices. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four patients with esophageal varices who were to undergo either an elective treatment of bleeding esophageal varices or a prophylactic treatment of non-bleeding esophageal varices underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation (n = 12) or without ligation (n = 12). The patients were followed for a mean of 19.9 +/- 8.1 months in the endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation (EISL) group and 19.5 +/- 5.4 months in the Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) group. RESULTS: The red color sign disappeared in 10 patients in the EISL group and 3 in the EIS group (P = 0.004) after initial treatment. The length of time required for initial treatment was 16.3 +/- 4.7 min for the EISL group and 27.2 +/- 6.2 min for the EIS group (P = 0.0003). For treatment-related complications, no significant difference was noted between the 2 groups and no serious complication were noted in the 2 groups. The total quantity of ethanolamine oleate used to attain the endpoint was 17.3 +/- 7.9 mL for the EISL group and 25.2 +/- 9.7 mL for the EIS group (P < 0.05). The cumulative non-relapse rate for 2 years following attainment of the endpoint [F1, RC(-)] was 81.5% for the EISL group and 47.5% for the EIS group, producing no significant difference between the 2 groups. The cumulative non-bleeding and survival rates were 100% in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ligation is more useful for esophageal varices than endoscopic injection sclerotherapy alone.     

Recurrence of esophageal varices following endoscopic treatment and its impact on rebleeding: comparison of sclerotherapy and ligation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to sclerotherapy because of its lower rebleeding and complication rates. However, ligation is not without drawbacks due to a higher tendency to variceal recurrence. We conducted a randomized cohort study to delineate the long-term history of variceal recurrence following ligation and sclerotherapy, and to clarify the impact of recurrence on rebleeding and on the consumption of endoscopic treatment resources. METHODS: Two hundred cirrhotic patients with esophageal variceal bleeding were randomized to undergo maintenance endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy or ligation. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-one patients achieved variceal eradication and were regularly followed up for 2.2 to 6.7 (mean: 5.1 +/- 1.2) years. The demographic data, hepatic reserve, bleeding severity, and endoscopic features of both sclerotherapy (n=70) and ligation (n=71) showed no difference. Forty (57.1%) patients who underwent sclerotherapy experienced 58 recurrences of esophageal varices, in contrast to the 46 (64.8%) patients who underwent ligation and experienced 81 episodes of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that within 2 years variceal recurrence was more frequent for ligation than sclerotherapy, and the difference decreased thereafter. Multiple recurrence appeared more common with ligation (1/2/3/4/5 episodes of recurrence: 46/23/8/3/1 vs. 40/14/3/1/0, p=0.08). On multifactorial analysis, the endoscopic treatment method and red wale markings were the two factors determining variceal recurrence. Rebleeding from recurrent esophageal varices was unusual and showed no difference between the two groups (7/58 vs. 6/81, p>0.05). Rebleeding from gastric varices was more common after eradication by sclerotherapy (7/19 vs. 1/16, p=0.085) than by ligation. The number of sessions required for eradication of recurrent varices was no different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early recurrence and multiple recurrence of esophageal varices are more likely in patients undergoing endoscopic ligation, compared to sclerotherapy; however, the recurrence did not lead to a higher risk of rebleeding or require more endoscopic treatment.     

Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to combined ligation and sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: A multicenter prospective randomized trial

Patients who have bled from varices remain at risk for rebleeding. There is interest in methods that would enable rapid eradication of varices. The present trial was designed to study whether combining ligation with sclerotherapy will allow quicker eradication of varices than either modality alone. Patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomized into ligation or combination therapy groups. Patients in the ligation group were treated with endoscopic rubber band ligation alone. In combination group patients, each variceal column was ligated distally and 1 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Subsequent treatment sessions were at 7- to 14-day intervals until varices were eradicated. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of 25 patients in the ligation group were similar to those of 22 patients in the combination group. Follow-up was up to 30 months. Active bleeding was controlled in 100% of patients in the ligation group and 75% of those in combination group (P = NS). It took 3.3 +/- .4 (range, 1-7) sessions to eradicate varices with ligation and 4.1 +/- .6 (1-7) with combination therapy (P = NS). Survival (four deaths in ligation group, 8 in combination group), rebleeding rate (25% vs. 36%), and varix recurrence (16% vs. 23%) also were similar. There were more complications with combination therapy, including deep ulcers (65% vs. 20%; P < .05); dysphagia (30% vs. 0%; P < .05), with three strictures requiring dilation; and pain (30% vs. 10%; P = NS). Our results show that sclerotherapy combined with ligation offers no benefit over ligation alone. The higher complication rate with combination therapy does not warrant this approach.(Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):71-4)     

Efficacy of absolute alcohol injection compared with band ligation in the eradication of esophageal varices

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sclerotherapy is an absolute indication for treating esophageal varices. Re-bleeding is common during the treatment period, before all varices become eradicated. AIM: To compare two techniques of endoscopic esophageal varices eradication: sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol and banding ligation. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Forty-six patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices were prospectively randomized into two treatment groups: endoscopic sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol and banding ligation. Patients were included if they had large varices with signs of high bleeding risk. Informed writing consent was obtained from every patient and the Ethics Committee of Federal University of S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil, approved the study. After eradication, all patients were followed up to 1 year to look for re-bleeding episodes and variceal recurrence. RESULTS: Both groups were similar except that male gender was more common in the sclerotherapy group. There was no statistical difference regarding variceal eradication (78.3% in sclerotherapy group vs 73.9% in the ligation group), recurrence (26.7% vs 42.9%, respectively) and death related to any cause (21.7% vs 13.9%). In the sclerotherapy group more sessions were need to obtain complete variceal eradication. In this group we did observe a high re-bleeding rate (34.8%) and more ulcers associated with retrosternal pain right after the procedure. There was no difference regarding overall morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Banding ligation requires fewer sessions than sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol to eradicate esophageal varices. Both methods are equally efficient regarding variceal eradication and recurrence during a short follow-up period.     

食管静脉曲张密集结扎术和硬化及结扎联合术的疗效对照观察

比较内镜下食管静脉曲张密集结扎术和内镜下硬化及结扎联合术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。４２例食管静脉曲张破裂出血病情稳定的病人分为两组，２２例患者接受ＤＥＶＬ，２０例病人行ＥＳ＋ＥＶＬ，两组具有可比性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。第１次治疗，ＤＥＶＬ组每个病人平均结扎１１．３２个点，每根曲张静脉平均结扎２．８３个点；ＥＳ＋ＥＶＬ组首先静脉内注射硬化剂，然后行结扎，第１次治疗平均每根曲张静脉注射硬化剂１．０３次（点），结扎１．０１个点。结果：第１次治疗后，ＤＥＶＬ组食管静脉曲张消失率为５０％，ＥＳ＋ＥＶＬ组为３５％，两组比较无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）；第１、４、１２及２４周的再出血率，ＤＥＶＬ组为４．５％、４．５％、４．５％、４．５％，ＥＳ＋ＥＶＬ组为１０％、１５％、１５％、２５％，两组无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＤＥＶＬ和ＥＳ＋ＥＶＬ均为治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血、根除食管静脉曲张的有效方法，ＤＥＶＬ的操作较容易、并发症较少、再出血率较低，内镜下食管静脉曲张密集结扎术将取代内镜下硬化剂注射疗法，成为治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的首选方法。     

内镜静脉曲张结扎术与十四肽生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效比较

目的 比较内镜静脉曲张结扎术与十四肽生长抑素在治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的效果.方法 将2003年1月至2006年4月广东省江门市中心医院消化科收治的80例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者分为内镜治疗组(40例)和十四肽生长抑素治疗组(40例).内镜治疗组在内镜下用多环连发皮圈结扎器行静脉曲张结扎术(EVL),然后静脉滴注垂体后叶素7 d;生长抑素治疗组先以十四肽生长抑素持续静脉滴注72 h,再以垂体后叶素静脉滴注持续4 d.结果 内镜治疗组中39例72 h内止血(97.5%).1个月内再出血4例(10%,其中1周内再出血3例),发生肝肾综合征1例,肝性脑病1例,死亡2例(5%).生长抑素治疗组72 h完全止血32例,1个月内再出血5例(12.5%),出现肝肾综合征5例(12.5%),P＞0.05;肝性脑病6例(15%),P＜0.05;死亡6例(15%),P＞0.05.结论 食管静脉曲张皮圈结扎治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血优于生长抑素治疗,尽早EVL治疗能减少肝性脑病的发生.     

Comparison of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy with sequential endoscopic band ligation plus low-dose sclerotherapy for secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and band ligation both have certain limitations such as, respectively, esophageal complications and early recurrence of varices. METHODS: From February 1994 to March 1996, all consecutive patients with portal hypertension due to either cirrhosis or noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and a history of variceal bleeding were included in a prospective study and randomly assigned to receive either endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy alone or endoscopic variceal band ligation plus low-dose endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. RESULTS: Of 69 patients, 34 were randomly assigned to receive endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy alone; 35 received endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Complete variceal eradication rates (85% vs. 80%) and the number of endoscopic sessions required for eradication (6.61 +/- 2.94 vs. 7.85 +/- 3.31) were similar in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy groups, respectively. The mean volume of sclerosant required in the combined group (54.94 +/- 33.74 mL) was significantly less than that in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy group (81.91 +/- 34.80 mL). The complication and recurrent bleeding rates were significantly higher in the endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy group than those in the combined group (20% and 16% vs. 3% and 3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal band ligation plus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy were comparable in eradicating varices but the combined technique was associated with significantly lower complication and recurrent bleeding rates.