Acute and Chronic Histological Changes of the Small Bowel Secondary to <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. jejuni</Emphasis> Infection in a Rat Model for Post-Infectious IBS

Background  

Campylobacter jejuni has been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in humans, effects which may be because of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). In this study, we characterized both acute and chronic-phase histological changes of the small bowel in rats exposed to wild-type C. jejuni 81-176, or a strain that does not produce CDT, by using a validated rat model of PI-IBS.     

The Impact of Post-Infectious Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Symptoms on the Health-Related Quality of Life of US Military Personnel Returning from Deployment to the Middle East

Background and Aim  

Mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are important health impact measures following military deployment. While conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to adversely affect QOL, little is known about the effect of post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID). Our aim was to evaluate the risk of PI-FGID and its impact on HRQOL among military personnel returning from deployment.     

Soluble Mediators Released from PI-IBS Patients’ Colon Induced Alteration of Mast Cell: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species

Background  

Growing evidence suggests that patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) have increased mast cell activation, and that mucosal soluble mediators are involved in the pathophysiology of visceral hyperalgesia. In addition, previous findings show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protease-activated receptors (PARs) are mediators of persistent hyperalgesia.     

Risk of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in U.S. Military Following Self-Reported Diarrhea and Vomiting During Deployment

Introduction  

Military personnel are frequently deployed to regions of the world with high travelers’ diarrhea (TD) rates. Pathogens associated with TD have been linked to several post-infectious sequelae, including functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD), such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia. Furthermore, stress associated with deployment may potentiate the increased FGD risk.     

Severity of Giardia infection associated with post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms two years after

Background  

A high rate of post-infectious fatigue and abdominal symptoms two years after a waterborne outbreak of giardiasis in Bergen, Norway in 2004 has previously been reported. The aim of this report was to identify risk factors associated with such manifestations.     

Associations between drugs and small‐bowel mucosal bleeding: Multicenter capsule‐endoscopy study

Background and Aim

Although several drugs may induce small‐bowel mucosal injuries, it is unclear whether these injuries contribute to overt small‐bowel bleeding. This study was designed to evaluate the associations between drug use and small‐bowel mucosal injury and between these mucosal injuries and overt bleeding in a disease‐relevant population.

Methods

We retrospectively studied patients with suspected small‐bowel diseases who underwent capsule endoscopy between 2010 and 2013. Drug exposure, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed before capsule endoscopy. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for small‐bowel mucosal injury and small‐bowel overt bleeding.

Results

In total, 850 patients were analyzed during the study period. Median age was 64 years, and 544 patients (64.0%) were men. Among the patients with small‐bowel mucosal injury (n = 60) and without mucosal injury (n = 705), use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.01–3.31) was significantly associated with an increased risk of small‐bowel mucosal injury compared with non‐use. Patients with small‐bowel mucosal injury with overt bleeding (n = 85) and without overt bleeding (n = 60) were compared, and no significant difference between the groups in the usage rates for NSAIDs, thienopyridine, other antiplatelets, anticoagulants, acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride, or steroids was revealed, even after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion

Although the use of NSAIDs was significantly associated with an increased risk of small‐bowel mucosal injury, no significant associations were observed between the use of such drugs and small‐bowel overt bleeding.     

A candidate probiotic with unfavourable effects in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial

Background  

Some probiotics have shown efficacy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum MF1298 was found to have the best in vitro probiotic properties of 22 strains of lactobacilli. The aim of this study was to investigate the symptomatic effect of L. plantarum MF1298 in subjects with IBS. Primary outcome was treatment preference and secondary outcomes were number of weeks with satisfactory relief of symptoms and IBS sum score.     

Clostridium difficile infection of the small bowel��two case reports with a literature survey

Introduction  

Diseases associated with Clostridium difficile range from antibiotic-related diarrhea to pseudomembranous enterocolitis, and are serious nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. The C. difficile infection has thus far been regarded as a disease typically affecting the colon. However, the literature contains an increasing number of reports describing infections of the small bowel with fulminant clinical courses and high mortality rates of 60–83%. We think this situation is not very well known.     

Elevated expression of c-fos in central nervous system correlates with visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a new target for IBS treatment

Background and aims  

Although visceral hypersensitivity is a major pathophysiological feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), its molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. c-fos is a well-established marker of cell activation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that norepinephrine (NE) system is dysregulated in IBS; however, very little is known on its mechanism. It is our hypothesis that elevated expression of c-fos in central nervous system (CNS) correlates with visceral hypersensitivity in rat model of IBS. Furthermore, we explored the changes of NE system in IBS patients.     

Gastroparesis in patients with inactive Crohn's disease: a case series

Background  

Few studies have described patients with foregut dysmotility in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this case series was to evaluate clinical characteristics of 5 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and symptoms and signs of upper gut dysmotility.     

Effects of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus reuteri</Emphasis> BR11 Mutant Deficient in the Cystine-Transport System in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background  

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with altered composition of the gut microbiota. Lactobacillus reuteri BR11 (BR11) has recently been reported to reduce the severity of experimental IBD because of its probiotic properties possibly attributed to a mechanism of thiol production via its unique cysteine/cystine-transport system.     

The actin-bundling protein Fascin is overexpressed in inflammatory bowel disease and may be important in tissue repair

Background  

Fascin is associated with increased cell motility in colorectal tumours but is absent from the normal colonic epithelium. We examined the expression of fascin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its location at regions undergoing restitution and regeneration. Tissue repair is essential for disease remission and we sought to determine the effects of therapeutic modalities on fascin expression and function using an in vitro model.     

Effect of a multispecies probiotic supplement on quantity of irritable bowel syndrome-related intestinal microbial phylotypes

Background  

Probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), possibly by stabilizing the intestinal microbiota. Our aim was to determine whether IBS-associated bacterial alterations were reduced during multispecies probiotic intervention consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Bifidobacterium breve Bb99. The intervention has previously been shown to successfully alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS.     

Association of p53 codon 72 genetic polymorphism with the risk of ulcerative colitis in northern Iran

Purpose  

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large bowel of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of bloody diarrhea and mucus associated with a negative stool culture for bacteria, ova, or parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of p53 codon 72 genetic polymorphism with the risk of UC in northern Iran.     

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study therapeutic effects of probiotic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> Nissle 1917 in subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Purpose  

To study the therapeutic effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and identify subgroups benefiting most.     

Diagnostic Role and Clinical Association of ASCA and ANCA in Brazilian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background  

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisae antibody (ASCA) and perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (pANCA) remain the most well-established markers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and both may be associated with disease phenotype.     

Efficacy of mechanical bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol in prevention of postoperative complications in elective colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis

Purpose  

The aim of this study was to estimate efficacy of mechanical bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in prevention of postoperative complications in elective colorectal surgery.     

Long-term follow-up of nonspecific small bowel ulcers with a benign course and no requirement for surgery: is this a distinct group?

Background  

Nonspecific small bowel ulcers are rare and surgical intervention is often believed to be elective. Since the extensive investigation of the small bowel in the 1990s, there have been limited reports of these ulcers and the updates have been unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features and natural histories of nonspecific small bowel ulcers through prospective observational study.     

The Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Mediterranean Fever Gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">MEFV</Emphasis>) Mutations in Turkish Children

Background and Aims  

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) concordance has been investigated in a few studies. We investigated MEFV mutations and prevalence of FMF disease in Turkish children with IBD and their relationship with the disease severity.     

Anorectal function and dyssynergic defecation in different subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Purpose  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate anorectal function in different subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including those with mixed bowel habits.