剖宫产术后再次妊娠208例分娩方式临床分析

【目的】探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。【方法】对剖宫产术后再次妊娠208例孕妇的分娩方式、分娩结局及母婴并发症进行回顾性分析。【结果】208例中81例进行阴道试产,52例试产成功,成功率64.2%;再次剖宫产(RCS)156例,手术产率75%。剖宫产术后阴道分娩(VBAC)组新生儿窒息、产后出血量、先兆子宫破裂发生率与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩(VBNC)比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。RCS组产后出血量比VBAC组高,平均住院天数比VBAC组长,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。RCS组产后出血、粘连发生率均高于首次剖宫产(PCS)组(P<0.05)。【结论】剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩,不是再次剖宫产的绝对指征,符合阴道试产条件者,严密监护下阴道试产是安全的。     

分析疤痕子宫妊娠再次分娩方式的意义研究

选取2013年1月~2015年12月我院妇科收治的瘢痕子宫妊娠再次分娩的孕妇125例,详细记录孕妇分娩结局以及生产出血量,先兆子宫破裂,子宫破裂,新生儿Apgar评分以及产后并发症发生情况。结果 125例孕妇符合阴道试产指征并选择阴道试产的共69例,试产成功的共50例,占72.46%;选择性剖宫产共56例,占44.8%;试产失败后急性剖宫产的19例,占15.2%。选择性剖宫产组出血量与阴道试产成功组差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05);急性剖宫产组出血量均大于其他两组,新生儿Apgar评分小于其他两组,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。阴道试产成功组孕妇分娩后并发症总发生率为2%,再次剖宫产组孕妇分娩后并发症总发生率为21.33%,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05);选择性剖宫产组无先兆子宫破裂及子宫破裂,阴道试产组出现1例先兆子宫破裂,行加急剖宫产未发生子宫破裂,母儿结局良好。瘢痕子宫再次妊娠,阴道试产是可行的,但是临床对于其分娩方式的选择还应根据孕妇自身情况,严格按照其指征并在孕妇知情同意的情况下选择分娩方式,产程中严格以专人监护及胎心监测,母婴安全为首要原则,降低医疗风险性。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫妊娠分娩方式及结局分析

【目的】探查剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫妊娠分娩方式的利弊及对母婴结局的影响。【方法】选择本院2003年1月至2008年12月剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫妊娠住院分娩产妇268例,其中156例直接实行剖宫产（剖宫产组）,112例选择阴道试产（阴道试产组）,比较两组母婴并发症。【结果】阴道试产组中,有89例试产成功（试产成功组）,试产成功率79．4％,有23例试产失败改剖宫产（试产失败组）。阴道试产组的先兆子宫破裂率显著高于剖宫产组（P〈0．05）,产后出血及产后发热发生率和住院费用明显低于剖宫产组（P〈0．05;P〈0．01）,阴道试产失败组的先兆子宫破裂、产后出血及产后发热发生率、住院费用较阴道试产成功组明显增高（P〈0．05;P〈0．01）。【结论】经阴道试产有其优缺点,但要严格掌握指征。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道试产情况调查

【目的】探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠阴道试产的情况。【方法】回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月在本院住院分娩的847例产妇,其中瘢痕子宫(剖宫产术后)再次妊娠产妇424例为观察组,非瘢痕子宫(首胎顺产)再次妊娠产妇423例为对照组。比较两组孕妇分娩情况、产程、母婴结果及手术指征,分析瘢痕子宫分娩方式的影响因素。【结果】观察组424例中,有247例(58.25%)行阴道试产,160例(64.78%)阴道试产成功,87例(35.22%)因试产失败转为剖宫产分娩;对照组423例中,有382例(90.31%)行阴道试产,286例(74.87%)成功阴道分娩,96例(25.13%)因试产失败转为剖宫产分娩;两组阴道试产成功孕妇的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程、新生儿重度窒息与新生儿出生体质量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但观察组孕妇产后出血、子宫破裂比例明显高于对照组孕妇,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组因个人意愿行剖宫产率最高,且显著高于对照组,因前置胎盘行剖宫产率也显著高于对照组;观察组因胎儿窘迫、宫缩乏力因素行剖宫产的比率明显低于对照组,其差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组因疼痛难忍、脐带绕颈、子宫肌瘤、胎位异常、骨产道异常、妊娠高血压和巨大儿因素行剖宫产率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】剖宫产术后再次妊娠的阴道试产率和阴道试产成功率均显著低于非瘢痕子宫,个人意愿成为剖宫产术后再次剖宫产分娩的主要因素。瘢痕子宫产妇孕期应定期产检、科学饮食、防治并发症,医务人员加大阴道试产的宣传教育,减轻孕妇心理恐惧,降低剖宫产率。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式分析

目的 探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择.方法 选择北京平谷妇幼保健院2008-01-2010-01收治剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇78例,对其分娩方式、分娩结局进行回顾性分析.剖宫产术后阴道分娩10例与同期非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩10例进行对照分析;再次剖宫产68例与随机抽取同期首次剖宫产68例对照分析.结果 16例阴道试产,10例试产成功,成功率62.5%;再次剖宫产68例,手术产率87.2%.剖宫产术后阴道分娩组新生儿窒息率、产时出血量、先兆子宫破裂发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);再次剖宫产组较剖宫产术后阴道分娩组出血量大[(205.8±6.0) ml vs(172.6±15.5)ml],再次剖宫产组产后出血率(6.05%)较首次剖宫产组高(0),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 剖宫产史并非再次剖宫产的绝对指征,无试产禁忌者可在严密监护下阴道试产.     

98例剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩方式的临床分析

目的 探讨剖宫产后再次妊娠如何选择合理的分娩方式,以降低剖宫产率,提高产科质量.方法 回顾分析2007年12月～2009年12月分娩的98例剖宫产后再次妊娠孕妇的产前、产时、产后情况.结果 98例中要求再次剖宫产有41例,因子宫切口愈合不良、前次手术后有产褥热史2例,因产科因素、产科并发症、合并症而再次手术者46例,9例阴道试产,8 例试产成功,成功率 88.89%.再次剖宫产组89 例与同期首次剖宫产组90例相比,腹腔粘连情况、手术时间、术中出血量差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;剖宫产后阴道分娩组9例与无剖宫产史的阴道分娩孕妇10例相比,产程、产时出血、先兆子宫破裂、新生儿Apgar评分无差异.结论 剖宫产后阴道分娩是安全的,导致再次剖宫产率升高的主要原因是医患双方对剖宫产后再次妊娠阴道试产认识不足,掌握剖宫产后再次妊娠阴道试产指征,转变观念,提高认识,方可提高剖宫产后阴道试产成功率,以减少母婴并发症.     

剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩118例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠的最佳分娩方式。方法对118例剖宫产后再次妊娠孕妇的分娩方式进行回顾性分析。结果118例中,选择剖宫产72例;行阴道试产46例,其中29例试产成功,成功率63%;先兆子宫破裂3例、宫缩乏力6例、胎儿宫内窘迫等改行剖宫产5例。结论有剖宫产史的孕妇如无剖宫产指征,符合试产条件者,严密监护下阴道试产是安全的。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式的选择

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法 选择本院2005年1月至2007年12月瘢痕子宫再次妊娠妇女156例,将阴道分娩50例（A组）,再次剖宫产106例（B组）与随机抽取同期的非瘢痕子宫孕妇阴道分娩50例（c组）及首次剖宫产106例（D组）,对其产后出血、母婴结局进行比较。结果 156例中68例选择阴道试产,试产成功50例,试产成功率为73．5％。A组与C组在新生儿窒息、产后出血与先兆子宫破裂的比较差异无统计学意义。B组在产后出血、住院时间与D组差异有统计学意义。结论 瘢痕子宫并不是手术指征,适合试产条件的在严密监护、孕妇配合家属理解下阴道试产是安全的。     

158例剖宫产后再次妊娠分娩方式的临床分析

【目的】探讨剖宫产后再次妊娠如何选择合理的分娩方式,以降低剖宫产率,提高产科质量。【方法】回顾分析2006年1月至2008年10月在本院分娩的158例割宫产后再次妊娠孕妇的产前、产时、产后情况。【结果】158例中要求再次剖宫产有53例（无手术指征）,因子宫切口愈合不良手术有39例,因产科因素,产科并发症、合并症手术有48例,18例阴道试产,12例试产成功,成功率为66．67％。阴道分娩组与剖宫产组产妇产后出血量,恶露天数,住院天数比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,产褥感染率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】医惠对剖宫产后再次妊娠阴道试产认识不足是导致再次剖宫产的主要原因,掌握剖宫产后再次妊娠阴道试产指征,转变医患观念,提高认识,方可提高剖官产后阴道试产成功率,才能减少母婴并发症的发生。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠的合理分娩方式的选择

目的探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠的合理分娩方式,以降低再次剖宫产率。方法选取2011年1月至2015年1月收治的180例剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇,根据妊娠是否合并胎盘附着位置异常、子宫切口愈合不良、重度子痫前期等各种高危因素,分为高危组和低危组,高危组孕妇均行再次剖宫产术,低危组孕妇分为再次剖宫产组和经阴道分娩组,对低危组孕妇再次分娩方式、妊娠结局、住院费用及新生儿窒息率进行综合比较。结果 180例孕妇中高危组42例,低危组138例,低危组中再次剖宫产105例(76.1%),经阴道分娩33例(23.9%);经阴道分娩组产妇产时出血量、住院时间、住院费用优于再次剖宫产组(P0.05);经阴道分娩组产褥病率为3.0%,低于剖宫产组(P0.05);两组先兆子宫破裂发生率与新生儿窒息率比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对剖宫产术后再次妊娠孕妇应行仔细检查,低危孕妇可合理选择阴道试产,降低再次剖宫产率。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.