外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病疗效观察

目的:观察外周血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的疗效、探讨移植相关并发症的预防及处理.方法:回顾分析了我院自2005年5月～2006年3月,其中2例采用HLA相合的同胞异基因外周血干细胞移植(AlloPBSCT),9例采用自体外周血造血干细胞移植(Auto-PBSCT).结果:全部病例均成功获得造血重建,中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L,平均时间为11.3 d,血小板≥20×109/L平均时间为16.3 d;无严重并发症发生,无严重GVHD发生,中位随访时间11(2～24)个月,无复发及死亡病例.结论:外周血干细胞移植是治疗恶性血液病安全、有效的方法.     

G-CSF动员后异基因骨髓联合外周血干细胞移植治疗血液病

目的 探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的异基因骨髓与外周血干细胞混合移植后造血重建、移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、复发及生存情况.方法 45例血液病患者进行了动员后的异基因骨髓联合外周血干细胞混合移植,人白细胞抗原(HLA)全合37例,1～3个位点不合8例.38例恶性病中32例采用清髓性预处理,6例为减低强度预处理;7例重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)均采用环磷酰胺联合兔抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)及甲泼尼龙预处理.采用环孢素联合霉酚酸酯预防移植物抗宿主病,HLA不全相合患者加用ATG.供者给予G-CSF连续5天皮下注射,注射后第5天采集外周血干细胞,第7天采取骨髓血.结果 45例患者均获得快速造血重建,中性粒细胞绝对计数≥0.5×109/L,血小板≥20×109/L的中位时间分别为移植后的12(8～18)天和16(10～28)天.10例发生了急性GVHD(22%),Ⅱ度以上1例.可评估的42例患者中16例出现了慢性GVHD,7例为广泛型(16%).复发9例,死亡11例,其余34例中位随访时间16月(10～46月),可评估的2年无病生存率为75%.结论 G-CSF动员后的异基因骨髓联合外周血干细胞移植治疗血液病可获快速造血重建,移植相关死亡率及重度急、慢性GVHD的发生率低,复发率不增高.     

APBSCT治疗淋巴系统恶性血液病临床研究

采用自体外周血造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗5例恶性淋巴瘤和2例急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL).干细胞动员采用大剂量VP16或MOEP方案 G-CSF;经过CVB或CVBA方案预处理后行APBSCT治疗.结果 全部病例均成功获得造血重建,移植后外周血中性粒细胞达到绝对数(ANC)≥0.5×109/L平均时间为11 d,Plt达到≥20×109/L平均时间为16 d.随访1～8个月,无复发及死亡病例.提示APBSCT是治疗淋巴系统恶性血液病安全、有效的方法.     

HLA半相合非清髓性造血干细胞与间充质干细胞共移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血1例

目的:观察HLA半相合非清髓性造血干细胞与间充质干细胞(MSC)共移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效及安全性。方法:1例24岁男性SAA患者。应用非清髓性预处理方案,进行HLA半相合异基因外周血造血干细胞和MSC共移植。移植rhG-CSF动员的供者外周血单个核细胞9.22×108/kg,CD34 细胞8.56×106/kg,及体外扩增培养的供者骨髓MSC2.12×105/kg。结果:移植后 12d中性粒细胞数>0.5×109/L, 21d WBC4.5×109/L,Hb99g/L,PLT108×109/L。经HLA配型,红细胞亚型和VNTR检测,为供者型完全嵌合体。随访14个月,无急、慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生。结论:HLA半相合非清髓性造血干细胞与MSC共移植治疗SAA是安全有效的方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病临床观察

目的观察异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-SCT)治疗恶性血液病的疗效.方法选择HLA-A、B、DR位点完全相同的同胞作为供者,对13例恶性血液病患者进行allo-SCT,其中急性白血病10例,慢性白血病2例,恶性淋巴结瘤1例.采用BUCY预处理方案7例,TBI CY预处理方案4例,非清髓预移植方案2例.输入CD34细胞数(4.6～11.4)×106/kg.患者均用环孢菌素A加甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病.结果 11例清髓性移植患者移植后9～19天外周血白细胞≥1.0×109/L,14～34天血小板≥20×109/L.移植后4例死于移植相关并发症,9例完全缓解,中位生存期26(8～73)个月.结论 allo-SCT治疗恶性血液病疗效可靠.     

不同造血干细胞移植方法治疗恶性血液病疗效观察

目的 探讨不同移植方式对恶性血液病的疗效.方法 对30例恶性血液病患者施行造血干细胞移植(HSCT),其中自体HSCT(Auto-HSCT)14例,同基因HSCT(Syn-HSCT)2例,异基因HSCT(Allo-HSCT)14例.预处理方案包括马利兰/环磷酰胺、马法兰/足叶乙甙/阿糖胞苷/环磷酰胺、氟达拉滨/阿糖胞苷/马法兰/环磷酰胺、卡莫司汀/足叶乙甙/阿糖胞苷/环磷酰胺、大剂量马法兰.结果患者均获造血重建.Auto-HSCT和Allo-HSCT后中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L的中位时间分别是12.4、16.3 d,血小板≥20×109/L的中位时间分别是15.7、19.5 d;发生急、慢性移植物抗宿主病各7例;随访2～40个月,Auto-HSCT复发7例、死亡6例,Allo-HSCT复发2例、死亡5例.结论 HSCT是治疗恶性血液病的有效方法,Auto-HSCT是治疗复发性淋巴瘤的有效手段,Allo-HSCT是慢性粒细胞自血病的首选治疗方法;HLA不全相合Allo-HSCT可解决供者来源少的难题.     

减低剂量预处理对异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病疗效观察

目的:探讨应用减低剂量的氟达拉宾、白消安和环磷酰胺(FBC)方案预处理对异基因造血干细胞移植(alloHSCT)治疗恶性血液病疗效的影响。方法:19例恶性血液病患者移植前进行减低剂量的FBC预处理。采用磷酸氟达拉宾(Flud)30mg/m2·d-1静脉滴注5d。白消安(Bu)0.6mg/kg、4次/d,共3d。环磷酰胺(CTX)30mg/kg·d-1静脉滴注,共2d,随后施行HLA配型的同胞或父亲供者的造血干细胞移植。术后采用环孢素及霉酚酸酯预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果:全部患者的造血功能均获得快速重建。白细胞升至1.0×109/L以上,中位时间为(11.4±4.6)d。中性粒细胞升至0.5×109/L以上,中位时间为(11.9±6.7)d;血小板升至20×109/L以上,中位时间为(12.2±3.5)d。供者细胞完全植入15例,混合嵌合性植入4例,1例出现宿主排斥移植物(HVG)反应,进行供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)2次后,达到完全供者嵌合。11例出现急性GVHD(57.89%),7例出现慢性GVHD(36.83%),2例HLA配型不完全相合者死于急性GVHD。结论:减毒的FBC预处理方案allo-HSCT治疗恶性血液病疗效肯定,并发症少,是治疗恶性血液病的有效方法。     

间充质干细胞与造血干细胞移植相关研究的进展

骨髓中主要存在2种主要类型的干细胞:造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cells,HSC)及非HSC或间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)。HSC移植可重建患者造血系统和免疫系统,因此,临床上HSC移植用于治疗各种恶性血液病、遗传性血液病、再生障碍性贫血及免疫缺陷病等。     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的临床研究

应用自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)治疗恶性血液病11例,并随机选择病种、年龄及性别相似的13例应用常规化疗的恶性血液病作为对照.结果显示所有患者均造血重建,白细胞降至0的中位时间为6(3～10)天,持续5(1～14)天,中性粒细胞恢复至＞0.5×109/L的时间为18(13～24)天.在不输血小板情况下,维持血小板计数＞20×109/L中位时间为23(17～42)天.中位持续完全缓解时间(CCR)667.7(83～1885)天.3年无病生存率46%,而对照组3年无病生存率仅为18%,P＝0.035.提示自体造血干细胞移植可提高生存质量,明显提高无病生存率.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

目的：探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo—HSCT)治疗恶性血液病的疗效、造血重建、免疫重建及长期生存的情况。方法：血液系统恶性疾病患者12例，其中同胞HLA相合异基因骨髓移植(Allo-BMT)及外周血干细胞移植(Allo—PBSCT)7例；无亲缘关系HLA不全相合脐血移植(UCBT)5例。结果：11／12例受者获造血重建，UCBT患者造血重建速度较同胞PBSCT或BMT慢，1例UCBT移植后46d造血功能未重建，回输自体骨髓后恢复自体造血。11例Allo—HSCT受者免疫功能重建开始于移植后30d，死亡2例，均为移植后复发病例。结论：Allo—HSCT是目前治愈恶性血液病的最佳方法，对于无同胞HLA相合的供者，选择较高细胞数量、HLA1～2个位点不合的UCBT仍然安全有效。     

Cotransplantation of HLA-identical mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in Chinese patients with hematologic diseases

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be employed to support hematopoietic reconstitution and mitigate graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) in transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and safety of cotransplantation culture-expanded MSCs and HSCs from the same human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor in Chinese patients with hematologic diseases. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy donors were cultured and expanded ex vivo. Immunophenotype, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and karyotype of the harvested MSCs were detected on those who had been cotransplanted with HSCs and MSCs from the same donor. Hematopoietic reconstitutions, complications, and clinical outcomes were observed after cotransplantation in these patients. (1.77 ± 0.40) × 10⁶/kg (donor’s weight) MSCs were successfully expanded from 23.6 ± 5.96 ml of bone marrow samples. They had normal karyotypes with bi-lineages differentiation potential, and were CD73, CD90, and CD105 positive. Twelve patients underwent cotransplantation with no observable adverse response during and after the infusion of MSCs. Hematopoietic reconstitutions were rapid. Two patients developed grade II–IV acute GVHD, and two extensive chronic GVHD. Four patients suffered from cytomegalovirus infection but were cured eventually. Up to now, seven patients have been followed as long as 29–57 months and five patients died. It is concluded that MSCs can be expanded effectively by culture and it is safe and feasible to cotransplant patients with allogenic culture-expanded MSCs and HSCs.     

Chemotherapy-induced mesenchymal stem cell damage in patients with hematological malignancy

Hematopoietic recovery after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) in the treatment of hematological diseases may be slow and/or incomplete. This is generally attributed to progressive hematopoietic stem cell failure, although defective hematopoiesis may be in part due to poor stromal function. Chemotherapy is known to damage mature bone marrow stromal cells in vitro, but the extent to which marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are damaged by HDC in vivo is largely unknown. To address this question, the phenotype and functional properties of marrow MSCs derived from untreated and chemotherapeutically treated patients with hematological malignancy were compared. This study demonstrates a significant reduction in MSC expansion and MSC CD44 expression by MSCs derived from patients receiving HDC regimens, thus implicating potential disadvantages in the use of autologous MSCs in chemotherapeutically pretreated patients for future therapeutic strategies. The clinical importance of these HDC-induced defects we have observed could be determined through prospective randomized trials of the effects of MSC cotransplantation on hematopoietic recovery in the setting of HDC with and without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.     

Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation restores hematopoietic function following marrow ablative therapy

From ten patients with advanced malignant disease involving the bone marrow, autologous hematopoietic stem cells were collected from the peripheral blood during eight four-hour pheresis procedures and cryopreserved. No manipulations to increase the number of stem cells circulating in the blood were used during the collections. Following marrow ablative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, the autologous cells were thawed and infused intravenously (IV). WBCs reappeared in the circulation at a median of eight days (range seven to 11 days) after stem cell infusion. Two patients died early, whereas the other eight reached normal numbers of circulating granulocytes that have persisted for up to greater than 20 months. These eight patients became independent of RBC transfusions (hemoglobin concentration greater than 10 g/dL) at a median of 27 days (range 11 to 58 days) after transplantation. One patient received platelet transfusions for counts less than 50 x 109)/L, one patient developed a clinical picture of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and six patients maintained a platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L at a median of 23 days (range 14 to 25 days) following stem cell infusion. This technique allows patients ineligible for autologous bone marrow transplantation due to unacceptable anesthetic risks, prior pelvic irradiation, or bone marrow metastases to receive marrow ablative therapy.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗假肥大型肌营养不良症疗效分析

目的探讨自体骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植治疗假肥大型肌营养不良症临床效果。方法对316例假肥大型肌营养不良症患者皮下注射粒细胞集落刺激因子,动员4天后采集骨髓,提取的单个核细胞（MNC）,总量为（5．72±1．89）×10^8,培养骨髓单个核细胞7—10天,最终得到间充质干细胞含量为（1．90±0．96）×10^8。应用四肢肌肉内注射的方式进行干细胞移植。结果干细胞移植治疗1年后肌力增加者占总患者数的81．3％。临床升级人数占27．5％。血清肌酸激酶（CK）降低率81．0％,血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）降低率86．1％。结论自体MSCs移植可使部分假肥大型肌营养不良症患者肌力改善,生活自理能力增加,血清CK、LDH水平下降,其安全性高,无不良反应,是治疗假肥大型肌营养不良症的一种新方法。     

Cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhances human myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice

OBJECTIVE: For approximately 5% of autologous transplant recipients and a higher proportion of allogeneic transplant recipients, low level and delayed platelet engraftment is an ongoing problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which can be derived from bone marrow as well as other organs, are capable of differentiation into multiple cell types and also support hematopoiesis in vitro. Because cotransplantation of marrow-derived stromal cells has been shown to enhance engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that cotransplantation of MSC could enhance platelet and myeloid cell development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested this hypothesis by transplantation of CD34-selected mobilized human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice with or without culture-expanded human MSC and evaluated human myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic engraftment with flow cytometry and in vitro cultures. RESULTS: We find that MSC cotransplantation enhances human cell engraftment when a limiting dose (<1 x 10(6)) of CD34 cells is administered. This enhancement is characterized by a shift in the differentiation of human cells from predominantly B lymphocytes to predominantly CD13(+), CD14(+), and CD33(+) myeloid cells with a corresponding increase in myeloid CFU in the marrow. Megakaryocytopoiesis is enhanced by MSC cotransplantation as assessed by an increase in both marrow CFU-MK and circulating human platelets. In contrast, MSC do not affect the percentage of human bone marrow cells that expresses CD34(+). CONCLUSIONS: Cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells with CD34(+)-selected hematopoietic stem cells enhances myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis.     

MSCs分化为功能性肝细胞的研究进展

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stemcells,MSCs)来源于中胚层间充质,广泛存在于骨髓、脐带组织、脐血、外周血、脂肪等组织中.在特定条件下,可以分化为骨、脂肪、神经细胞及肝细胞等多种细胞,进而作为一种替代器官移植的新的治疗方法.近年来,肝硬化等终末期肝病的发病率日益上升,成为影响人类健康的重大疾病之一.肝源紧张、免疫排斥限制了肝移植的临床应用,然而众多研究证实MSCs对肝纤维化、肝硬化等肝病的治疗作用可能与其分化为功能性肝细胞有关,但具体机制尚不十分清楚.本文就MSCs的分化能力及其分化的调控、分子机制和不同来源干细胞对肝纤维化的治疗作用作一综述.     

Generation of mature hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells

A number of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders are associated with the abnormal production of mature blood cells or primitive hematopoietic precursors. Their capacity for continuous self-renewal without loss of pluripotency and the ability to differentiate into adult cell types from all three primitive germ layers make human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) attractive complementary cell sources for large-scale production of transfusable mature blood cell components in cell replacement therapies. The generation of patient-specific hematopoietic stem/precursor cells from iPSCs by the regulated manipulation of various factors involved in reprograming to ensure complete pluripotency, and developing innovative differentiation strategies for generating unlimited supply of clinically safe, transplantable, HLA-matched cells from hiPSCs to outnumber the inadequate source of hematopoietic stem cells obtained from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood, would have a major impact on the field of regenerative and personalized medicine leading to translation of these results from bench to bedside.     

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

More than 30 years have passed since the first clinical application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to treat hematological diseases. In recent years, the availability of peripheral blood and cord blood as additional sources of stem cells other than bone marrow has expanded the applicability of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition to differences in stem cell content, immune cells in the grafts from the three sources are different in quality and quantity. As a consequence, transplants from different sources have different kinetics of hematological recovery. Stem cell sources also influence risks for developing graft-versus-host disease. In this paper, we review recently reported results of thus diversified allogeneic hematopoietic, stem cell transplantation.     

间充质干细胞对狼疮肾炎T淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用

目的 探讨间充质干细胞(MSCs)在体外对狼疮肾炎(LN)外周血T淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用.方法 从人骨髓中分离培养MSCs,采用流式细胞仪(FCM)分析鉴定MSCs的纯度.在植物血凝素(PHA)刺激下,LN外周血T淋巴细胞与不同数量的MSCs共培养.分组:A组:T淋巴细胞;B组:MSCsI+T淋巴细胞(MSCsl:T=1:5);C组:MSCs2+T淋巴细胞(MSCs2:T=1:20);D组:MSCs3+T淋巴细胞(MSCs3:T=1:100).用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测各组T淋巴细胞的增殖情况,FCM分析各组T淋巴细胞CD28和CD152的表达及T淋巴细胞调亡情况,实时定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测各组T淋巴细胞的干扰素(IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)-10、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1基因的水平.结果 在体外,MSCs对由PHA诱导的LNT淋巴细胞的增殖、凋亡均有抑制作用,且抑制作用与MSCs呈剂量依赖性.MSCs抑制T淋巴细胞CD28表达,对CD152的表达无明显影响.MSCs能促进LN患者T淋巴细胞TGF-β1基因的表达,抑制IL-10、IFN-γ基因的表达.结论 MSCs可能通过抑制T淋巴细胞增殖、减少T淋巴细胞凋亡、抑制T淋巴细胞CD28表达和促进T淋巴细胞TGF-β1,基因表达及抑制IL-10、IFN-γ基因表达来下调LN的免疫反应.     

Human mesenchymal stem cells support unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells and suppress T-cell activation

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to interact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune cells, and represent potential cellular therapy to enhance allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We investigated the role of human MSCs in NOD-SCID mice repopulation by unrelated human hematopoietic cells and studied the immune interactions between human MSCs and unrelated donor blood cells in vitro. When hematopoietic stem cell numbers were limited, human engraftment of NOD-SCID mice was observed only after coinfusion of unrelated human MSCs, but not with coinfusion of mouse mesenchymal cell line. Unrelated human MSCs did not elicit T-cell activation in vitro and suppressed T-cell activation by Tuberculin and unrelated allogeneic lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Cell-free MSC culture supernatant, mouse stromal cells and human dermal fibroblasts did not elicit this effect. These preclinical data suggest that unrelated, human bone marrow-derived, culture-expanded MSCs may improve the outcome of allogeneic transplantation by promoting hematopoietic engraftment and limiting GVHD and their therapeutic potential should be tested in clinic.