健脾疏肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝脂代谢分子网络的影响

目的:观察健脾疏肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)的疗效以及对NASH大鼠肝脂代谢分子网络的影响.方法:将40只♂SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、健脾疏肝方组、易善复组4组,采用高脂饲料造模连续8wk.模型成立后,改用普通饲料饲喂,同时健脾疏肝方组及易善复组分别予健脾疏肝方浸膏和易善复混悬液灌胃,模型组和空白组予去离子水灌胃,连续4wk;实验结束后处死全部大鼠,观察大鼠肝组织病理改变,测定大鼠肝功、血脂、肝脂以及抗氧化指标水平,观察大鼠肝组织SREBP-1c、SCAP、PPAR、PGC-1、LXR mRNA表达.结果:健脾疏肝方可有效改善大鼠肝组织脂肪变性及炎症损伤,降低肝功、血脂、肝脂水平,提高抗氧化物质,并可同时上调PPAR及PGC-1,下调SREBP-1c及SCAP mRNA表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),且在改善大鼠肝指数、体质量,降低谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平、肝甘油三酯(TG)、MDA含量,提高GSH-PX含量,上调PPAR、PGC-1mRNA表达等方面优于易善复(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:健脾疏肝方可通过网络调控NASH肝脂代谢而防治NASH,在今后研究中,可将健脾疏肝方作为基础,结合其他治法,辨证施治.     

Effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

AIM: To explore the effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet in rats. METHODS: Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group (n=9), model group (n = 9) and treatment group (n = 9). The rats of model group and treatment group were given small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, and those of control group were given normal diet. After four weeks of fat-rich diet feeding, the rats of treatment group were given Sinai san decoction. The serum levels of aminotransferase and lipid were measured, and the pathology of livers was observed by HE staining after the rats were sacrificed at eight weeks. RESULTS: The rats' livers presented the pathology of steatosis and inflammation with higher serum levels of ALT and AST in the model group. In the treatment group the serum ALT and AST levels decreased significantly and were close to the control group. The hepatic inflammation scores also decreased markedly, but were still higher than those of control group. And the degree of hepatocyte steatosis was similar to that of model group. CONCLUSION: Sinai san decoction may ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, but does not prevent the development of hepatocyte steatosis.     

Therapeutic effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in the rat

Background and rationale. Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis refers to the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver in the absence of alcohol consumption. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to be an effective treatment for a variety of liver diseases. We examined the possible therapeutic effects of G-CSF on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in rats.Material and methods. Thirty-week-old Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats received water containing 30% sucrose for 8 weeks to promote the development of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. After development of the model, the rats were injected with G-CSF (100 Mg/kg/day) or saline for 5 days. Four weeks after this treatment, serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Histology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and levels of expression of hepatic lipogenic enzymes were determined by RT-PCR.Results. The G-CSF-treated rats displayed significantly fewer lipid droplets than the saline-treated rats (P < 0.01), and their levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNAs were also lower (P < 0.01), as were their liver weight and serum levels of TG and FFA (P < 0.05).Conclusion. Our results indicate that G-CSF ameliorated non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in the OLETF rat, and this therapeutic effect involved a reduction of SREBP-1c expression. Therefore, G-CSF deserves further study as a potential treatment for non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis.     

Effects of a low-fat diet on the hepatic expression of adiponectin and its receptors in rats with NAFLD

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is correlated with obesity, but specific therapeutic interventions are lacking. Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory activity and is considered a hepatic protector. We aimed to investigate effects of a low-fat diet on the hepatic expression of adiponectin and its receptors in rats with NAFLD.Materials and methods. Sixteen male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks (HFD1 group) or 16 weeks (HFD2 group) to induce NAFLD, and these rats were compared with rats on a normal diet for 8 weeks (NC1 group) or 16 weeks (NC2 group). Another group of 8 rats was fed an HFD for 8 weeks and then switched to a low-fat diet (DIET group) until the 16th week. The expression of hepatic adiponectin and its receptors was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.Results. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) in the HFD groups increased from 3.2 ± 0.45 (8th week) to 6.2 ± 0.84 (16th week) (P < 0.001), reflecting the progression in the NAFLD histology. In contrast to the HFD2 group, the low-fat diet ameliorated the steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation. Dietary intervention augmented the expression of adiponectin and its receptors, which was down-regulated in the HFD2 group.Conclusions. The NAFLD rat model was successfully developed by feeding the animals a high-fat diet. Adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, especially in the progression from steatosis to NASH. The low-fat diet alleviated the histological lesions associated with NAFLD by up-regulating the expression of adiponectin and its receptors.     

复方甘枣宁预防大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的实验研究

[目的]研究复方甘枣宁对高脂饮食诱发的大鼠脂肪肝的预防作用.[方法]采用高脂饲料喂饲制作大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型,同时以复方甘枣宁灌胃,12周后检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,并作病理组织学观察,同时称体重、肝脏重,计算肝指数.[结果]复方甘枣宁明显减轻肝组织内脂肪变性,降低血清TC与AST水平.[结论]复方甘枣宁对高脂饮食诱发的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的预防作用.     

Ezetimibe decreases SREBP-1c expression in liver and reverses hepatic insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet

Ezetimibe inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption, thereby reducing serum cholesterol. Recent studies suggest that ezetimibe affects liver steatosis and insulin resistance. We investigated the impact of ezetimibe on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in C57BL/6 mice. We analyzed 4 mouse groups fed the following diets: normal chow (4% fat) for 12 weeks, normal chow for 10 weeks followed by normal chow plus ezetimibe for 2 weeks, high-fat chow (32% fat) for 12 weeks, and high-fat chow for 10 weeks followed by high-fat chow plus ezetimibe for 2 weeks. In the normal chow + ezetimibe group, ezetimibe had no impact on body weight, fat mass, lipid metabolism, liver steatosis, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. In the high-fat chow + ezetimibe group, ezetimibe had no impact on body weight or fat mass but significantly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels; liver weight; hepatic triglyceride content; and hepatic cholesterol content and increased the hepatic total bile acid content. In association with increases in IRS-2 and Akt phosphorylation, ezetimibe ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in the high-fat chow + ezetimibe group, but had no effect on insulin sensitivity in primary cultured hepatocytes. A DNA microarray and Taqman polymerase chain reaction revealed that ezetimibe up-regulated hepatic SREBP2 and SHP expression and down-regulated hepatic SREBP-1c expression. SHP silencing mainly in the liver worsened insulin resistance, and ezetimibe protected against insulin resistance induced by down-regulation of SHP. Ezetimibe down-regulated SREBP-1c in the liver and reversed hepatic insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet.     

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor prevents the development of hepatic steatosis in rats

Background and aims. Previously, we reported that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves hepatic steatosis in experimental animals. It may also have preventive effects on the development of hepatic steatosis. Therefore, we investigated the preventive effects of G-CSF by using a high-fat diet (HFD) rat model. Materials and methods. Twelve rats were fed HFD and 6 rats were fed control diet from 10 weeks of age. Once little steatosis was confirmed in the liver (after 10 weeks of feeding the HFD; at 20 weeks of age), HFD rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either G-CSF (100 Mg kg^-1 day^-1 for 5 consecutive days every other week; HFD/G-CSF rats) or saline (HFD/saline rats) for 10 weeks at 20 weeks of age. All rats were sacrificed at 30 weeks of age. Histology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and Oil Red O staining, and the expression levels of genes of associated with lipogenesis and β-oxidation enzymes were determined by qRT-PCR.Results. Histological examinations revealed that HFD/G-CSF rats had significantly lower lipid accumulation in their hepatocytes than did HFD/saline rats (p < 0.05). HFD/G-CSF rats also showed lower expression levels of genes associated with lipogenesis and higher expression levels of genes associated with β-oxidation than HFD/saline rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In conclusion, we found that G-CSF prevented development of hepatic steatosis in an HFD rat model. The preventive effect may be associated with the regulation of gene expression involved in hepatic lipogenesis and β-oxidation.     

Resveratrol and fenofibrate ameliorate fructose-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulation of genes expression

AIM: To evaluate the effect of resveratrol, alone and in combination with fenofibrate, on fructose-induced metabolic genes abnormalities in rats. METHODS: Giving a fructose-enriched diet(FED) to rats for 12 wk was used as a model for inducing hepatic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Adult male albino rats(150-200 g) were divided into a control group and a FED group which was subdivided into 4 groups, a control FED, fenofibrate(FENO)(100 mg/kg), resveratrol(RES)(70 mg/kg) and combined treatment( FENO + RES)( half the doses). A l l treatments were given orally from the 9th week till the end of experimental period. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), liver index, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance(HOMA), serum and liver triglycerides(TGs), oxidative stress(liver MDA, GSH and SOD),serum AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured. Additionally, hepatic gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3(SOCS-3), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase(FAS), malonyl Co A decarboxylase(MCD), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and adipose tissue genes expression of leptin and adiponectin were investigated. Liver sections were taken for histopathological examination and steatosis area were determined.RESULTS: Rats fed FED showed damaged liver, impairment of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, ox ida t ive s t re s s a nd dy s l ipide m ia. As fo r ge ne expression, there was a change in favor of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development. All treatment regimens showed some benefit in reversing the described deviations. Fructose caused deterioration in hepatic gene expression of SOCS-3, SREBP-1c, FAS, MDA and TGF-β1 and in adipose tissue gene expression of leptin and adiponectin. Fructose showed also an increase in body weight, insulin resistance(OGTT, HOMA), serum and liver TGs, hepatic MDA, serum AST, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α compared to control. All treatments improved SOCS-3, FAS, MCD, TGF-β1 and leptin genes expression while only RES and FENO + RES groups showed an improvement in SREBP-1c expression. Adiponectin gene expression was improved only by RES. A decrease in body weight, HOMA, liver TGs, AST/ALT ratio and TNF-α were observed in all treatment groups. Liver index was increased in FENO and FENO + RES groups. Serum TGs was improved only by FENO treatment. Liver MDA was improved by RES and FENO + RES treatments. FENO + RES group showed an increase in liver GSH content.CONCLUSION: When resveratrol was given with half the dose of fenofibrate it improved NASH-related fructose-induced disturbances in gene expression similar to a full dose of fenofibrate.     

Effect of lactulose on establishment of a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model

AIM: To explore the relationship between changes of intestinal environment and pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group (n = 24), treatment group (n = 12), and control group (n = 6). The rats of model and treatment groups were given high-fat diet, and those of the control group were given normal diet. Furthermore, the rats of treatment group were given lactulose after 8 wk of high-fat diet. Twelve rats of the model group were killed at 8 wk of high-fat diet. At the 16 wk the rats of treatment group, control group, and the rest of the model group were killed. The serum levels of aminotransferase were measured and the histology of livers was observed by H&E staining. RESULTS: The livers of rats presented the pathological features of steatohepatitis with higher serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the model group after 16 wk. Compared to the model group, the serum levels of ALT and AST in treatment group decreased significantly and were close to the normal group, and the hepatic inflammation scores also decreased markedly than those in the model group after 16 wk (5.83±2.02 vs3.63±0.64, P<0.05), but were still higher than those in the model group after 8 wk (3.63±0.64 vs 1.98±0.90, P<0.05). However, the degree of hepatic steatosis had no changes in treatment group compared to the model group after 16 wk. CONCLUSION: Lactulose could ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by fat-rich diet, but could not completely prevent the development of steatohepatitis. It is suggested that intestinal environmental changes such as intestinal bacteria overgrowth, are one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of NASH.     

熊去氧胆酸对节制饮食防治大鼠肥胖高脂血症性脂肪性肝炎的影响

目的 探讨熊去氧胆酸对节制饮食防治肥胖、高脂血症性脂肪性肝炎的影响。方法３５只ＳＤ大鼠持续１０周高脂饮食后，分为３组。模型组（ｎ＝１０）继续给子高脂饮食；低热卡饮食组（ｎ＝１０）恢复普通饮食，但仅给正常需要量的１／３，２周后处死；熊去氧胆酸组（ｎ＝１５）在 ＬＣＤ的同时经口给予熊去氧胆酸（２５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）。另设９只普通饮食饲养大鼠作正常对照。结果 与正常组相比，模型组大鼠体章、肝重明显增加、血脂和转氨酶升高，肝组织学检查示脂肪性肝炎；与模型组相比，低热年饮食组大鼠体重、肝重及肝组织脂肪变显著减轻，但血脂紊乱和肝组织炎症坏死改善并不明显；而熊去氧胆酸组血脂异常和ＡＳＴ以及肝组织炎症坏死程度均较低热卡饮食组减轻。结论 熊去氧胆酸有助于促进节食减肥大鼠血脂和脂肪性肝炎的康复。     

Effects of a Long-Term High-Fat Diet and Switching from a High-Fat to Low-Fat,Standard Diet on Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Sprague-Dawley Rats

To investigate the effects of a long-term high-fat diet and switching from high-fat to a low-fat diet on hepatic fat accumulation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 3-week-old male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 45% fat (kilocalories) for 43 weeks (HDHD group), an HFD for 23 weeks followed by a low-fat, standard diet (LFD) containing 10% fat for 20 weeks (HDLD group), and an LFD for 43 weeks (LDLD group). Histopathologically, steatosis and lobular inflammation was obvious in the HDLD and HDHD groups at 46 weeks of age, and ballooning hepatocytes and Mallory hyalines were seen in the HDHD group. Mild fibrosis was observed in 5 of 13 (38%) rats in the HDHD or HDLD groups. Our results demonstrate that a long-term high-fat diet can induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in SD rats. Switching to a low-fat, standard diet prevented the progression of NASH, although steatosis was not improved.     

Westernized-like-diet-fed rats: effect on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and glimepiride

Wersternized diet, containing high fat diet intake combined with high consumption of softdrinks, is accused with the emerge of modern epidemic obesity and diabesity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of this diet combination on the homeostasis of glucose, lipids, and some adipohormones in rats and to simulate the metabolic perturbations induced by the unhealthy Westernized diet intake, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. To achieve this, we divided male Wistar rats (80-120 g) into two main groups: the first was fed commercial normal fat diet and the second received an in-house-prepared high-fat diet (HFD), combined with fructose in drinking water for a period of 6 weeks, followed by a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) to produce frank hyperglycemia. The effect of this diet alone or after 2 weeks of treatment with rosiglitazone or glimepiride on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and levels of resistin and leptin was studied. The HFD/fructose/STZ diet elevated fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, as well as serum triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Hepatic TG and TC levels, as well as serum activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were increased, suggesting a diet-induced hepatic steatosis, beside the increased levels of serum resistin and leptin. Rosiglitazone corrected the altered parameters measured, except for liver TGs; similarly, glimepiride reinstated the inverted parameters but raised insulin level and, consequently, the HOMA index. These results show that this diet could be used to induce an effect that mimics human type 2 diabetes with its metabolic disturbances and is suitable for screening the antidiabetic agents used for management of this disease.     

饮食调整治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

目的:观察单纯饮食改变治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的作用。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为3组(每组n=10):正常组喂普通饲料;模型组喂高脂饲料;饮食治疗组在高脂饮食12周后恢复正常饲料喂养。16周后处死动物。结果:正常饮食能显著降低造模大鼠的体重、肝指数、转氨酶,还能改善肝脏脂肪变性和炎症坏死的程度。结论:单纯恢复正常饮食即可治疗大鼠NASH。     

茴三硫防治非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的实验研究

目的 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）可发展为纤维化、肝硬化、目前尚缺乏有效防治药物。研究茴三硫对大鼠NASH模型形成的影响，为临床防治NASH提供新方法。方法 60只SD大鼠随机平均分为6组，每组10只：正常组喂普通饲料；模型组高脂饲料；茴三硫预防组喂高脂饲料同时，加用茴三硫。余30只大鼠在高脂饮食12周后复分为：茴三硫治疗组，喂高脂饲料同时加用茴三硫；饮食治疗组即恢复正常饲料喂养；茴三硫＋饮食治疗组，恢复正常饮食同时予茴三硫治疗。16周后处死动物。称动物体重、肝脏湿重、检测血清转氨酶，光镜下评估肝脂肪变性和炎症活动程度。结果 茴三硫治疗、饮食治疗、茴三硫＋饮食治疗能显著降低造模大鼠的体重（P＜0．05）、肝指数（P＜0．05）、转氨酶（P＜0．01），还能改善肝脏指肪变性和炎症坏死的程度（P分别＜0．05和＜0．01）。茴三硫预防组的上述各项指标则与无显著差异。结论 茴三硫、饮食治疗NASH有效，两种方法联用可增强疗效。预防性应用茴三硫并无必要。     

Amelioration of Steatohepatitis with Pentoxifylline in a Novel Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Model Induced by High-Fat Diet

We sought to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on steatohepatitis in a novel experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group received only standard rat diet (control group); groups 2 (placebo group) and 3 were given HFD, ad libitum. After week 4, 0.5 mL of physiologic serum was injected subcutaneously to the placebo group and 50 mg/kg/d PTX was given intraperitoneally to the third group (group PTX). After 6 weeks all rats were humanely killed. Serum biochemistry, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasma, and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Histopathologically, steatosis, ballooning degeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis were determined. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-α levels were significantly higher in placebo group than in the control group. Tumor growth factor-β levels, however, were comparable in the placebo and control groups. On histopathologic examination, steatosis, inflammatory cells per square millimeter, and ballooning degeneration were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the control group. No fibrosis or Mallory bodies were found in the placebo group. AST, ALT, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-α levels were significantly lower in PTX group compared to the placebo group. Histopathologically, steatosis, mean number of inflammatory cells/mm² and ballooning degeneration in PTX group were also significantly lower than in the placebo group. In conclusion, PTX strikingly ameliorates steatohepatitis in this novel NASH model not only by inhibiting the TNF-α but also suppressing the oxidative stress markers.     

Combined high-fat diet and sustained high sucrose consumption promotes NAFLD in a murine model

Background. The study of NAFLD in humans has several limitations. Using murine models helps to understand disease pathogenesis.Aim. Evaluate the impact of 4 different diets in the production of NAFLD with emphasis on a combined high-fat plus sustained high sucrose consumption.Material and methods. Eight week-old male Wistar rats were divided in four groups and fed for 90 days with the following diets: 1) Control chow diet (C); 2) High-fat cholesterol diet (HFC) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 3) High-fat cornstarch diet (HFCO) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 4) Chow diet + 20% sucrose in drinking water (HSD). Metabolic changes, leptin levels, liver histology, hepatic and plasma lipid composition, fasting plasma glucose and insulin and liver gene expression of FAS, SREBP-1 and PPAR-α were evaluated.Results. The HFC diet had the highest grade of steatosis (grade 2 of 3) and HSD showed also steatosis (grade 1). Liver weight TG and cholesterol concentrations in liver were greater in the HFC diet. There were no increased levels of iron in the liver. Rats in HFC gained significantly more weight (P < 0.001). All experimental groups showed fasting hyperglycemia. HFC had the highest glucose level (158.5 ± 7 mg/dL) (P < 0.005). The HSD and the HFCO diets developed also hyperglycemia. HSD had significantly higher fasting hyperinsulinemia. Serum leptin was higher in the HFC diet (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the HFC diet with combination of high fat and high sucrose is more effective in producing NAFLD compared with a high sucrose diet only.     

血红素加氧酶-1在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎进展中的作用

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在非洒精性脂肪性肝炎进展中的作用及其机制.方法 选用健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,采用胆碱-蛋氨酸缺乏饮食(MCD)4周建立小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型,以胆碱-蛋氨酸充足饮食设立对照组,并以MCD加HO-1激动剂血晶素或抑制剂锌原卟啉进行干预实验.小鼠血清ALT和AST采用全自动生化仪酶法测定.HE染色观察肝脂肪变、炎症活动及纤维化程度;逆转录聚合酶链反应和Western blot检测HO-1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α和白细胞介素(IL)-6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达.结果 MCD喂养小鼠血清ALT及AST明显异常,出现中～重度肝细胞脂肪变性,伴有点状和灶状肝细胞坏死、炎性细胞浸润、轻度汇管区纤维组织增生及窦周纤维化;HO-1、TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达较对照组显著增强,相对表达量分别为1.13±0.11、1.74±0.05,0.20±0.01、1.92±0.10,0.58±0.02、2.06±0.05对比0.43±0.02、0.75±0.05,0.08±0.00、0.59±0.02,0.22±0.01、0.91±0.02(P＜0.01);应用血晶素小鼠随肝脏HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达的上调及TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及其蛋白表达的下调(P＜0.01),肝脂肪变及炎症活动度均显著减轻;而应用锌原卟啉小鼠,肝脏HO-1 mRNA及蛋白表达明显受抑制,TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及蛋白表达则明显增强(P＜0.01),肝脂肪变及炎症亦随之显著加重.结论 抗氧化基因HO-1靶向性激活可阻止非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的发生及进展.     

丹栀逍遥散对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠LKB1/AMPK/ACC通路及肝脂肪变性的影响

目的:探讨丹栀逍遥散对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肝脏激酶B1(LKB1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)通路及肝脂肪变性的影响。方法:SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、水飞蓟宾组(26.25 mg·kg^-1)、丹栀逍遥散高、中、低剂量组(38.0、19.0、9.5 g·kg^-1),每组13只。采用高脂饲料连续喂养8周复制非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)大鼠模型。模型复制成功后水飞蓟宾组和丹栀逍遥散各剂量组大鼠开始灌胃给予相应的药物,连续给药4周,给药结束后进行取材和相关指标的检测。给药期间,观察各组大鼠的精神状况、毛色、饮食、活动等一般状态,记录给药前后大鼠体重变化;取大鼠肝、肾、脾脏并称重,计算脏器指数;生化法检测肝组织中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量;苏木精-伊红染色(HE)观察各组大鼠肝组织病理变化;Western blot检测肝组织中LKB1、AMPKα1、AMPKα2、ACC及其磷酸化水平。结果:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠毛色发黄暗淡,精神萎靡;体重增量、肝脏指数、肝组织中ALT、AST、TG、TC、NEFA水平均显著升高(P<0.05),肝细胞排列紊乱,胞界不清晰,较多的脂肪空泡;肝细胞中LKB1、p-LKB1、AMPKα1、p-AMPKα1、AMPKα2、p-AMPKα2、p-ACC蛋白表达水平明显降低,ACC蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,水飞蓟宾组和丹栀逍遥散高、中剂量组大鼠一般状态有不同程度的改善,体重增量、肝脏指数、肝组织中ALT、AST、TG、TC、NEFA水平均显著降低(P<0.05),病理损伤程度减轻;肝细胞中LKB1、p-LKB1、AMPKα1、p-AMPKα1、AMPKα2、p-AMPKα2、p-ACC蛋白表达水平明显升高,ACC蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。结论:丹栀逍遥散可能通过LKB1/AMPK/ACC信号通路,降低脂肪的合成,改善肝功能,减轻NAFLD模型大鼠肝脂肪变性。     

卡托普利对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响

目的 研究卡托普利对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响。方法 随机将64只大鼠分为对照组16只(普通饲料喂养和生理盐水灌胃)、模型组16只(高脂饲料和生理盐水灌胃)、卡托普利处理组16只和罗格列酮处理组16只。给药6 w后取血清和肝组织,检测肝组织细胞色素氧化酶P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA水平及血清丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。结果 模型组肝细胞体积增大,见广泛性脂肪变性和细胞水肿,而卡托普利处理组大部分肝细胞排列正常,可见少量的脂肪变性,部分细胞水肿;卡托普利处理组血清AST、ALT、TC和TG水平分别为(94.1±15.6)U/L、(27.3±6.2)U/L、(1.4±0.2)mmol/L和(1.0±0.2)mmol/L,显著低于模型组【分别为(134.4±35.1)U/L、(35.2±7.1)U/L、(1.8±0.4)mmol/L和(1.4±0.2)mmol/L,P＜0.05】;卡托普利处理组肝湿重、肝指数和肝组织CYP2E1 mRNA水平分别为(11.7±2.1)g、(2.3±0.3)%和(1.8±0.2),显著低于模型组【分别为(14.3±2.0)g、(2.6±0.2)%和(2.3±0.1),P＜0.05】;卡托普利处理组血清MDA水平为(7.6±2.5)nmol/L,显著低于模型组【(12.1±2.6)nmol/L,P＜0.05】,而血清GSH水平为(41.0±17.5)mg/L,显著高于模型组【(22.2±10.2)mg/L,P＜0.05】。结论 卡托普利可有效减轻非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性程度,可能与纠正脂代谢紊乱、恢复肝功能、增强抗氧化应激能力有关。     

Preventive role of genistein in an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive role of genistein, a phytoestrogen with a wide variety of pharmacological effects, in an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) received only a standard rat diet, group 2 (placebo) was given a high fat diet (HFD) plus 0.5 mL/day saline subcutaneously, and group 3 (genistein group) a HFD plus subcutaneous genistein injection at dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. All rats were killed after 6 weeks. Serum aminotransferases, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Additionally, steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation of the liver were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001 for each), plasma and liver tissue MDA and plasma TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.001, <0.001, <0.01, respectively) were found to be higher in the placebo group than in the control group. TGF-beta levels, however, were comparable in the placebo and control groups (P > 0.05). Histopathologically, steatosis, inflammatory cells per mm(2) and ballooning degeneration were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the control group (P < 0.001 for each). Nevertheless, AST and ALT (P < 0.05 for each), plasma and liver tissue MDA (P < 0.05 for each) and plasma TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the genistein group compared to the placebo group. Histopathologically, steatosis (P < 0.05), inflammatory cells per mm(2) and ballooning degeneration (P < 0.01 for each) in the genistein group were also significantly lower than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Genistein, a strong antioxidant agent, significantly decreased the plasma TNF-alpha level and remarkably prevented the emergence of NASH by improving the biochemical and histopathological abnormalities via attenuating oxidative stress.