地沟油对小鼠肝肾功能及脂肪代谢的影响

目的观察摄食地沟油对小鼠肝肾功能及脂肪代谢的影响。方法将72只小鼠平均分为6组,其中地沟油组与食用油组各3组,按照5、10和20μL/g剂量的地沟油或食用油连续隔天给予小鼠灌胃8周,比较两组小鼠灌胃前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平。结果地沟油的水分含量、酸价和过氧化值指标均超标。连续灌胃8周后,5μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠ALT明显高于食用油组(P0.05);10μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠AST高于食用油组(P0.05)。5、10和20μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠Scr均高于同剂量食用油组(P0.05);10和20μL/g剂量地沟油组小鼠BUN均高于同剂量食用油组(P0.05);但相同剂量地沟油和食用油组小鼠的TG和TC未见统计学差异(P0.05)。结论连续8周摄食地沟油对小鼠肝、肾功能均有明显损害作用。     

慢性酒精依赖患者肝功能异常情况的调查

目的 调查慢性酒精滥用患者肝功能损害的情况.方法 回顾性分析我院近5年接受住院治疗的酒精滥用患者,根据病史、血清学检查、和B超检查结果,统计肝功能和B超结果异常的比例.结果 69.9％的酒精滥用患者有肝功能异常,其中AST/ALT比值为(1.7±1.1);62.9％的患者有酒精相关的B超异常结果.结论 酒精滥用患者肝脏损害普遍,需引起社会更多的关注.     

重度子痫前期患者肝肾功能损害研究

目的:探讨重度子痫前期患者肝肾功能损害情况。方法:以2008年1~12月住院的119例重度子痫前期患者为重度子痫前期(S-PE)组,以同期正常单胎晚期妊娠孕妇116例为对照组,采集孕妇清晨空腹静脉血,测定血浆ALT、AST、TP、ALB、Cre及Bun。结果:S-PE组孕妇的ALT值(33.97±10.53)U/L高于对照组的(14.06±13.89)U/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);S-PE组孕妇的AST值(44.97±87.38)U/L高于对照组的(20.92±10.18)U/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);S-PE组孕妇的TP(57.55±6.37)g/L明显低于对照组的(66.24±5.05)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);S-PE组孕妇的ABL值(31.59±4.27)g/L低于对照组的(38.56±2.89)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);S-PE组Cre值(79.72±24.01)μmol/L高于对照组(58.38±6.58)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);S-PE组Bun值为(6.22±3.20)μmol/L,高于对照组的(3.53±0.90)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);S-PE组孕妇24 h尿蛋白定量为(5.69±3.26)g。结论:重度子痫前期患者由于全身小血管痉挛,导致肝肾等重要脏器功能损害,甚至产生多脏器功能衰竭,故应早诊断早治疗。     

Lead blood concentrations and renal function evaluation: study in an exposed Mexican population

The relation of blood Pb concentrations and renal dysfunction has been reported in association with interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and decreased glomerular filtration. In this report information about blood Pb concentrations and renal function tests in a population from Oaxaca, Mexico is analyzed. The main changes found were that males had higher blood Pb concentrations than females (P<0.0012); the leading variables associated with this were occupation (glazed pottery workers, P=0.0001) and the use of glazed pottery for preparing meals (P=0.0000). Variables that better explain uric acid variability were blood Pb concentrations, sex, weight, and height (r2=0.23). Hyperuricemia was associated with blood Pb concentrations above 40 microg/dL (OR=1.74, 95% CI, 1.12-2.61). SCr was associated with sex, age, and blood Pb, with coefficient r2=0.12. Our findings might be related to inadequate control of oven emissions, a situation that will require further analysis and the implementation of preventive measurements for the nonoccupational exposed population.     

95例妊娠肝功能异常回顾性分析

目的:探讨妊娠期孕妇肝功能异常的病因、发生率以及对妊娠结局的影响。方法:分析2003～2004年4217例孕妇肝功能测试(ALT、AST、GGT、TBIL)结果,对肝功能异常孕妇追踪观察整个孕期及产后1周。结果:14个月中有4217例孕产妇进行了肝功能测试,发现95例肝功能异常。其中由妊娠相关因素引起的肝功能异常有44例(占46.32%),非妊娠特异因素引起的肝功能异常有23例(占24.21%),28例孕妇(29.47%)肝酶暂时升高原因未明。95例肝功能异常孕妇的临床诊断主要包括:妊娠剧吐11例,妊娠高血压综合征21例,母儿ABO血型不合10例,妊娠期糖尿病2例;甲、丙型肝炎各1例,乙型肝炎18例,上呼吸道感染2例。与妊娠相关的肝酶异常发生在孕中期(20.00%)和孕晚期(17.89%)相对多于孕早期(8.42%)。妊娠高血压综合征、乙型肝炎、妊娠剧吐,是引起妊娠期肝功能异常的主要病因。观察期内无一例孕妇死亡。结论:妊娠期肝功能异常的原因复杂多样,部分孕妇可有肝酶无特异性的短暂升高。由妊娠相关因素引发的肝功能异常的孕妇其转氨酶(ALT)在产后迅速恢复。     

肾病病人营养状况与肾功能的关系分析

目的 :探讨肾病病人营养状况与肾功能的关系。　方法 :对 110例住院肾病病人的身高、体重、血生化和血常规结果进行分析。　结果 :肾功能不全组病人体重分布与肾功能正常组比较有显著差异 ,低于理想体重者明显增加 ;红细胞、血红蛋白、总淋巴细胞计数水平显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸 (P <0 .0 1)、血磷 (P <0 .0 5 )水平显著升高 ;血肌酐、尿素氮与红细胞、血红蛋白水平间呈负直线相关关系 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :肾功能减退与热能 蛋白质营养不良、贫血、高血磷、高尿酸等营养障碍表现有关 ,采取合理饮食有可能延迟肾功能减退的进展     

孕期胎儿饥荒暴露与成年后肝肾功能受损的关联研究

目的 评估生命早期暴露于饥荒对现时肝肾脏功能指标水平的影响, 探讨肝肾功能体检指标是否可能作为评价宫内胎儿器官发育的生物标志物。方法 整群抽取2011 年安徽省某三级甲等医院健康体检中心1957－1963 年出生的体检者4 252 人。按照出生时间将研究对象分为3 个组。即1957－1958 年出生者983 人为饥荒前暴露组;1959－1961 年出生者1 247 人为饥荒暴露组;1962－1963 年出生者2 022 人为饥荒后对照组。采用方差分析比较组间丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、谷氨酰基转移酶（r-GGT）、天门冬氨酸转移酶（AST）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）、总胆红素（TBIL）、血浆白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、总蛋白（TP）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）、尿素氮（UREA）水平的差异及变化趋势。结果 不同年份出生的研究对象ALT、IBIL、TBIL、SCr、UREA水平的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同年份出生的男性其r-GGT、ALT、AST、ALB、SCr 水平的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）, 不同年份出生的女性其r-GGT、AST、ALB、GLB、TP、SCr、UA、UREA水平的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;男性中饥荒暴露组r-GGT、ALT、ALB、TP 水平高于饥荒前暴露组, 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。女性中饥荒暴露组r-GGT、ALB、TP、SCr、UREA、UA水平高于饥荒后对照组, 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 生命早期营养缺乏可能导致器官发育障碍、功能受损, 对成年后肝肾功能产生影响, 且可能存在性别差异。孕期女性合理膳食均衡营养对预防其子代成年后慢性代谢性疾病有深远意义。     

Mercury exposure and omega-3 fatty acid intake in relation to renal function in the US population

It remains unclear whether exposure to low-level mercury (Hg) is associated with impaired renal function, and whether omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake could affect the association of interest. The current study examined the association of blood Hg and omega-3 FAs with renal function using data from 1046 subjects aged 40 or above from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and occurrence of albuminuria. Logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the association of interest with confounding variable adjustment. The analyses indicated that blood Hg was associated with reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m²) in a dose-response fashion (p < 0.05). The association was particularly apparent with adjustment for blood omega-3 FA levels. The adjusted odds ratio for having reduced eGFR was 2.94 (95% confidence interval = 1.04–8.33) in the highest tertile of blood Hg as compared with the lowest tertile. There was no significant association between Hg exposure and albuminuria. In summary, this study demonstrates that Hg exposure is associated with increased odds of having lower GFR in the US population aged 40 or above. A statistical association with albuminuria was not apparent. We also observed that omega-3 FA intake may play a preventive role in Hg-induced nephrotoxicity. Additional studies are warranted to determine the sources, exposure routes, and forms of Hg most responsible for observed associations.     

Normal liver function in women in the general Japanese population subjected to environmental exposure to cadmium at various levels

Objectives: Whereas it is well established that environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce kidney dysfunction, less attention has been paid to the possible disturbance of liver function by Cd exposure. The possibility that liver function is adversely affected by current levels of environmental exposure to Cd as investigated in women in the general population in Japan, where the background level of exposure to Cd is known to be high. Methods: From 1991 to 1997, 24-h food duplicate, peripheral blood and morning spot urine samples were collected from 607 non-smoking and non-habitually drinking women (age range 19–78 years) at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental pollution from heavy metals) throughout Japan. Liver function parameters in serum were examined by conventional methods. After wet-ashing, the food duplicate, blood and urine samples were analyzed for Cd intake via food (Cd-F), Cd in blood (Cd-B), and Cd in urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The geometric mean values for Cd-F, Cd-B, and Cd-U were 24.7 (27.1) μg/day, 1.76 (2.07) μg/l, and 3.94 (4.61) μg/g creatinine (values in parentheses for 41- to 60 year-old women), respectively. It as found that the three parameters of ALP, ALT, and AST activity were positively and significantly related to the age of the subjects (whereas no association as detected in cases of γ-GTP, LAP, and albumin). Accordingly, a further analysis as made with 367 women selected by age (41–60 years; about 60% of the total population). Essentially, no Cd dose-dependent changes in liver function parameters were observed in the selected population of this narrower age range. Conclusions: Overall, it seemed prudent to conclude that liver function as not disturbed by the current environmental exposure to Cd in Japan. Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 17 July 1999     

脑梗死患者肝功能和凝血功能相关性分析

目的 探究脑梗死患者的肝功能指标与凝血功能指标间存在的相关性.方法 选取2019年1-12月天津市环湖医院收治的经检查确诊为脑梗死伴肝损害患者50例作为观察组,另选同期脑梗死不伴肝损害患者50例作为对照组,采集所有受试者的外周血标本,分别对两组的肝功能指标及凝血功能指标进行测定和比较,并对脑梗死患者肝功能和凝血功能指标...     

尿路梗阻对肾功能的影响

目的探讨尿路梗阻因素对肾功能的影响.方法首先解除引起肾功能损害的梗阻因素,观察解除梗阻因素后肾功能的变化情况.结果 25例患者中,9例尿路梗阻持续2周以内者,肾功能全部自行改善;10例持续2周～3个月者中,8例肾功能自行改善;6例持续3个月以上者,全部未能自行改善.结论及时解除尿路梗阻因素,有利于肾功能的恢复;尽可能争取2周以内解除尿路梗阻因素,可避免造成肾功能不可逆性损害.     

全麻下腹腔镜肝切除术二氧化碳气腹呼吸循环肝功能的影响

目的 探讨二氧化碳(CO2)气腹对全麻下腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)呼吸循环的影响.方法 回顾分析15例LH CO2 气腹后呼吸循环及肝功能的变化.结果 与气腹前相比,气腹后所有患者SBP、DBP、HR显著升高(P＜0.05);SpO2充气后30 min和120 min显著下降(P＜0.05),放气后30 min仍显著低于充气前(P＜0.05);VT充气后30 min和120 min显著下降(P＜0.05),放气后30min恢复至充气前水平(P＞0.05);气道压在充气后30 min和120 min明显升高(P＜0.05),放气后立即下降到充气前水平(P＞0.05).结论 CO2气腹对全麻下LH呼吸循环的影响较为明显,肝功能无显著影响.     

肝功与血清学指标水平检验在70例脂肪肝诊断中的应用分析

目的对肝功与血清学指标水平检验在脂肪肝诊断中的应用进行分析研究。方法随机抽取2013年4月—2014年4月本院收治的70例脂肪肝患者设为观察组,抽取同期来我院健康检查的70例健康者设为对照组,测定并比较两组肝功与血清学指标。结果观察组患者ALT、AST、TC、TG水平明显高于对照组健康者,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脂肪肝患者肝功与血脂指标水平明显上升,肝功与血脂指标水平检测可作为临床筛查脂肪肝的有效方法,其对判断患者发病状况与预后具有重要指导意义。     

^13C-美沙西丁呼气试验定量评估非酒精性脂肪肝肝贮备功能

目的探讨^13C-美沙西丁呼气试验定量评估非酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞损害程度的方法及意义。方法雄性Wistar大鼠24只随机分为对照组（普通饮食）和模型组（高脂饮食）,分别于8和12周末对两组大鼠进行^13C-美沙西丁呼气试验检测,观察呼气峰值（DOB）、达峰时间（T）、达峰高度和60min累积呼气量（CUM_60min）各参数的动态变化;处死动物,测门静脉、腹主动脉血中内毒素（ET）水平;取肝标本做HE染色,观察其病理变化。结果8周模型组呼气试验参数与同期对照组比较无统计学意义;12周模型组DOB、CUM_60min和达峰高度与同期对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,T较对照组前移,但差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。呼气试验结果与肝脏HE染色病变一致。8周、12周模型组门静脉ET水平较同期对照组明显上升,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。腹主动脉与相应门静脉ET水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。门静脉ET水平与DOB、呼气试验丰度和CUM_60min呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论^13C-关沙西丁呼气试验有可能成为一种非酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞功能的无创性评价方法。     

台湾地区正常人群通气肺功能指标正常值范围的预测

目的建立台湾地区正常人群的通气肺功能指标的正常预测值公式。方法选取台湾地区美兆健康体检数据库中2005-2006年的资料,采用线性回归的方式分性别和年龄段分别建立肺功能指标FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC的正常预测值公式。结果共有研究对象男性24 216人,女性39 375人,年龄12~85岁,平均年龄(41.90±13.33)岁。利用各指标的均数和标准差分年龄性别计算了各年龄组人群的正常值范围下限。鉴于男女性的FVC和FEV1均在20岁出现拐点,以20岁为界限,分性别建立FVC和FEV1的正常预测值公式。以12~20岁组的男性为例,FVC正常预计值公式为,FVCprd=-5.014 6+0.092 5×年龄+0.038 0×身高+0.008 5×体重,正常人群下限计算公式为FVClln=-5.834 5+0.092 5×年龄+0.038 0×身高+0.008 5×体重。通过各年龄和身高点通气肺功能均数实测值与预测值比较,可以认为正常预计值公式基本可以反映研究对象的特征。结论本研究首次建立了中国台湾地区大规模人群通气肺功能的正常预计值公式和正常人群下限计算公式,正常预计值公式与原人群拟合情况良好。     

刺梨汁对高氟摄入大鼠肝肾脂质过氧化作用的影响

利用自由进食含氟320mg／kg饲料和饮用刺梨汁水喂养大鼠6个月的动物模型，探讨刺梨汁对高氟摄入大鼠肝肾脂质过氧化损害的影响。结果发现：刺梨汁能拮抗高氟引起的肝肾组织抗氧化能力降低，使肝肾还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性降低显著回升；拮抗肝肾组织脂质过氧化增强，使肝肾脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量升高程度显著回降；从而拮抗肝肾损害，使肝甘油三脂（TG）含量和尿γ－谷氨酰转移酶（γ—GT）活性升高显著回降。表明刺梨汁对高氟摄入大鼠肝肾脂质过氧化损害具有明显的拮抗作用。     

子痫前期及子痫患者血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰbα及肝肾功能测定分析

目的:通过对子痫前期及子痫患者血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰbα及肝、肾功能指标进行检测分析,探讨该疾病血管内皮细胞损伤、血小板活化状态及肝肾功能受损情况。方法:采用全血法流式细胞术分别检测32例重度子痫前期及子痫患者、16例轻度子痫前期患者、22例孕晚期妇女入院未用药前GPⅠbα水平,并采用全自动生化分析仪测定其Cr、BUN、UA、ALT、AST、TP、ALB、ALP水平。结果:重度子痫前期及子痫组与孕晚期组及轻度子痫前期组比较GPⅠbα、TP、ALB明显降低,Cr、BUN、UA、ALT、AST明显增高,并有显著性差异(P<0.01);轻度子痫前期组与孕晚期组相比TP降低(P<0.05),UA、ALB降低(P<0.01);各组ALP无明显差异(P>0.05)。GPⅠbα水平与Cr、BUN、ALT、AST变化呈负相关。结论:子痫前期子痫的患者存在血管内皮细胞损伤、血小板活化状态,随着病情的发展出现一定程度的肝肾功能损伤。     

氟对大鼠MDA含量、肝功及光镜结构的影响

目的研究不同浓度氟对大鼠丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝功及光镜结构的影响。方法在饮水中加入不同剂量的氟化钠喂饲大鼠1月后,测定血清氟含量、尿氟含量、肝组织中MDA含量、血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活力。结果与对照组相比,各剂量组大鼠血氟浓度相应增加,存在剂量-效应关系(R=0.884,P﹤0.01),但各剂量组间血氟浓度差异无统计学意义;各剂量组大鼠尿氟浓度相应增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),存在剂量-效应关系(R=0.921,P﹤0.01);各剂量组大鼠MDA含量升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),存在剂量-效应关系(R=0.797,P﹤0.01);各剂量组大鼠AST含量逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),存在剂量-效应关系(R=0.889,P﹤0.01);各剂量组大鼠ALT含量逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),存在剂量-效应关系(R=0.729,P﹤0.01);肝细胞光镜结构改变。结论过量氟可导致大鼠肝细胞发生脂质过氧化作用。     

Longitudinal associations between lead dose and renal function in lead workers

Background

Existing research on the lead dose range associated with nephrotoxicity in the occupational setting is inconsistent and primarily cross-sectional in design.

Objective

To determine if lead dose predicts change in renal function in a large population of current and former lead workers.

Methods

Three evaluations were performed between 1997 and 2001. Lead dose was assessed with blood and tibia lead. Renal outcomes included blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and calculated creatinine clearance. We used generalized estimating equations to model change in renal function between each evaluation in relation to tibia lead at the beginning of each follow-up period and concurrent change in blood lead, while adjusting for baseline lead dose and other covariates.

Results

At baseline, mean (SD) age and duration of occupational lead exposure were 42.0 (9.3) and 8.8 (6.3) years, respectively, in 537 current and former lead workers followed over a mean of 2.1 years. Mean (SD) blood and tibia lead were 31.3 (14.4) μg/dl and 35.0 (37.8) μg/g bone mineral, respectively. Women (25.9%) were older and more likely to be former lead workers than men. In males, serum creatinine decreased and calculated creatinine clearance increased over the course of the study. Mean blood lead was not significantly different between evaluations 1 and 3 in either sex, however, tibia lead decreased in women. Blood and tibia lead were significantly associated with change in renal function. In males, serum creatinine decreases and calculated creatinine clearance increases were greatest in participants whose blood lead declined.

Conclusions

Both acute and chronic occupational lead dose measures were associated with change in renal function measures prospectively.