医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。药名（包括中药）以《中华人民共     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文.     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文.     

医学名词术语使用规范

在科技论文的写作中,有关名词术语应规范统一,不要一义多词或一词多义。应以全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的各学科名词为准。外文新名词尚无统一译名时,可自译并在第一次引用时用括号注出原文。     

Developing optimized fMRI protocol for clinical use: comparison of different language paradigms

Purpose:

To compare the potential of five functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language paradigms in activating language areas in Persian‐speaking volunteers in order to optimize these tasks for clinically useful protocol.

Materials and Methods:

16 healthy right‐handed Persian‐speaking volunteers were studied. Each individual performed five tasks during the fMRI scan: word generation (WG), object naming (ON), word reading (WR), word production (WP), and reverse word reading (RWR). The ability of each task to activate classical language areas was assessed using group analysis. In addition, the lateralization index (LI) for each subject‐task was calculated and compared.

Results:

We found that WP, RWR, and WG robustly activated language‐related areas in the dominant hemisphere. ON and WR failed to sufficiently delineate these activation areas. Highest activation intensities in the frontal lobe (including Broca's area) were seen with WP, whereas RWR showed the highest LI among all examined tasks.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that the Persian version of WG and newly presented WP and RWR tasks can be reliably used for localization of language‐related areas in Persian speakers. This type of language evaluation may be used in presurgical planning of neurosurgical procedures in the Persian population. We recommend application of WP and RWR in future researches establishing the optimized protocol for other language speakers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

手术室移动式C形臂X线机的应用管理

移动式C形臂X线机(以下简称C臂机),常用于外科各专科手术中,以其方便、实用、定位准确的特点,深受临床医师欢迎。我院手术室自2003年开始应用C臂机,经过近四年的应用和管理,积累了一定的经验,现报告如下。1 C臂机的操作、维护、运行的管理1·1操作管理C臂机必须由放射专业技术人员操作使用和管理。机器的正常运行和管理,直接关系到手术的正常进行和机器的使用寿命。手术前需按要求全面检查,C臂机是否处于正常工作状态,控制台和监视器亮度要调至合适,其他器械准备是否就绪。放射工作人员应了解人体各部位的解剖,熟悉人体不同部位的摄影条…     

How to optimize the use of MRI in anatomic ACL reconstruction

Purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most current diagnostic imaging procedure for suspected ACL injuries. It is an accurate, highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of ACL tears, graft tears and associated injuries. However, it can also be used for various other aspects of anatomic ACL reconstruction.

Methods

Special sequences as the oblique sagittal plane should be obtained from a parallel line to the lateral epicondyle, ensuring a proper visualization of both bundles of the ACL. Another special set of images, the oblique-coronal sequence, allows for the ACL long-axis evaluation. The coronal-oblique sequence increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing isolated AM or PL bundle injuries and also helps to visualize the proximal insertion of the bundles for haemorrhage and rupture.

Results

Quantitative measurements can be taken from a proper MRI protocol, so as to determine the rupture pattern; measure insertion site size, inclination angle and autograft size; and evaluate for post-operative complications. These parameters help surgeons to objectively decide for a better graft and technique for an individualized approach and to evaluate the anatomic placement of the graft.

Conclusions

MRI can be used in different ways, serving as a very valuable tool in anatomic ACL reconstruction. Special protocols can provide accurate visualization of the double-bundle anatomy. Objective parameters to aid in pre-operative decisions and graft’s anatomic placement evaluation can be also extracted from the MR images.     

How to avoid the risk of intraoperative cartilage damage in anatomic four tunnel double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Double bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is technically demanding. In order to create four anatomical anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bone tunnels many surgeons adopt new ways of tibial and femoral bone tunnel drilling. From surgical experience, these technical changes might increase the risk for intraoperative pitfalls. An intraoperative articular cartilage damage to the medial femoral condyle or the medial tibial plateau could be disastrous for the patient. It may be caused by an insufficient anteromedial portal technique for femoral AM and PL bone tunnel drilling or flat tibial AM or PL bone tunnel reaming. Potential pitfalls may be avoided by small modifications to the surgical technique. In this present technical note, a sequence of surgical steps are described, which may help to avoid articular cartilage damage to the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau in anatomical four tunnel DB ACL reconstruction.     

Exploring the controversy in child abuse pediatrics and false accusations of abuse

There is a controversy in child abuse pediatrics between an established corps of child abuse pediatricians aligned with hospital colleagues and law enforcement, and a multi-specialty challenger group of doctors and other medical professionals working with public interest lawyers. The latter group questions the scientific validity of the core beliefs of child abuse pediatricians and believes that there are a substantial number of false accusations of abuse occurring. An unproven primary hypothesis, crafted around 1975 by a small group of pediatricians with an interest in child abuse, lies at the foundation of child abuse pediatrics. With no scientific study, it was hypothesized that subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and retinal hemorrhage (RH) were diagnostic of shaking abuse. That hypothesis became the so-called “shaken baby syndrome.” Through the period 1975–1985, in a coordinated manner, these child abuse specialists coalesced under the American Academy of Pediatrics and began working with district attorneys and social workers, informing them of the ways in which their hypothesis could be applied to prosecutions of child abuse and life-altering social service interventions. In a legal context, using then-prevailing evidentiary rules which treated scientific expert testimony as valid if it was “generally accepted” in the field, they represented falsely that there was general acceptance of their hypothesis and therefore it was valid science. As the ability to convict based on this unproven prime hypothesis (SDH and RH equals abuse) increased, some defense attorneys were professionally compelled by their own doubts to reach out to experts from other fields with experience with SDH and RH, trauma, and biomechanics, for second opinions. Medical and legal challenges to the established thinking soon emerged, based on both old and new evidenced-based literature. As the intensity of the controversy increased, the probability of false accusation became more apparent and the need to address the issue more pressing. Since false accusations of child abuse are themselves abusive, efforts to eliminate such false accusations must continue.     

Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of the human language pathways: Moving into the clinical realm

The functional correlates of anatomical derangements are of interest to the neurological clinician. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) is a relatively new tool in the arsenal of functional neuroimaging, by which to assess white matter tracts in the brain. While much import has been given to tracking corticospinal tracts in neurological disease, studying language pathway interconnections using DTT has largely remained in the research realm. Hardware and software advances have allowed this tool to ease into clinical practice, with several radiologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons now familiar with its applications. DTT images, although visually appealing, are founded in mathematical equations and assumptions, and require a more than basic understanding of principles and limitations before they can be integrated into routine clinical practice. Cognitive pathways like that of language, that are normally hard to assess and especially more so when pathologically affected, have been at the receiving end of several opposing and often controversial hypotheses, and the past decade has seen the clarification, validation or rejection of several of these by the in vivo charting of functional connectivity using DTT. The focus of this review is to illustrate DTT of the language pathways with emphasis on practical considerations, clinical applications, and limitations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1041–1053 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Reckless behaviour related to the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy): Apropos of a fatal accident during car-surfing

Summary A 26-year-old man died from severe brain contusion after falling from a moving car during an attempt at car-surfing. Toxicological urine screening was positive for amphetamines, the blood analysis revealed a MDMA level of 0.63 mg/l and a blood alcohol concentration of 1.23 g/l. The case is another example of the bizarre and reckless behaviour which may result from the euphorogenic activity of ecstasy and the circumstances in which it is commonly used.     

The science behind the quest to determine the age of bruises—a review of the English language literature

Bruises are common injuries that can have medicolegal significance. There are those that maintain it is not possible to estimate the age of bruises. However, appreciation of the biological processes related to the resolution of a bruise suggests that these may provide information regarding the age of a bruise. Potential methods for determining the age of bruises—visual observation, colorimetry, spectrophotometry and histology—are reviewed. The observation of yellow (not orange or brown) indicates a bruise is not recent, but the abilities of visual observation are limited by the physiology of the human eye. Analysis of spectrophotometric data may provide more useful and objective information. Histological examination may be appropriate only in the postmortem situation. The lack of published information limits this as a tool for estimating the age of bruises. It is not known how the wide range of factors that can influence bruise formation and resolution could affect estimation of bruise age.     

Trends in the use of time for physical activity in Finland and other countries

The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in the use of time for physical activity among 10- to 64-year-olds in Finland in the 1980s and between different seasons in 1987–1988. Additionally, some results of international comparative studies on the use of time for physical activity have been included. The data for the Finnish population was based on two time-use studies conducted in 1979 and 1987–1988 in Finland. The method used for the data collection was a time-budget diary in which the respondents registered their use of time on different activities during the day nationwide. The results indicate that women's time use for physical activity as a mean value per day increased by 12.5%, whereas men's total use of time for these activities remained unchanged. The seasonal comparison showed that the least time for physical activity is used in winter, when the time used for watching television and for passive leisure are at their highest.