中医对传染性非典型肺炎的认识与防治原则

传染性非典型肺炎属于中医“瘟疫”的范畴，根据“非典型肺炎临床诊断标准”，中医可以将其定名为“肺毒疫”。肺毒疫的病因为“疫疠肆虐”、“正气不足”；病理因素有：疫疠、热毒、湿浊、瘀血、正气虚等；病机演变由肺卫表证→肺及半表半里→肺及脾胃→疫毒闭肺→肺及营血→逆传心包→肺气阴两虚等。根据本病的临床证候，适时辨证，制定防治原则。l、控制传染源；2、减少易感人群；3；重视“辨病”与“辨证”相结合；4、重视“辨证”与“辨质”相结合；5、抓住主要病变部位：6、寻找传变规律；7、掌握变化，注重轻重；8、重视恢复期的治疗。     

周仲瑛教授辨治新发肺系疫病学术思想探讨

国医大师周仲瑛教授临证70余年,为中医药治疗病毒感染性疾病进行了富有成效的探索.周老强调疫毒是新发肺系疫病的关键病因,外感疫毒引动肺内伏邪是基本病机,病机演变基本符合三焦和卫气营血传变的规律,并认为三焦传变可能是新发肺系疫病主要的传变方式,临床辨治以三焦辨证为主导,重视审证求机,治疗倡导以祛邪解毒为先,注重整体观、三因...     

温病学问答

问:卫气营血和三焦辨证在温病学中有何重要意义? 答:卫气营血和三焦辨证,都是经过长期医疗实践总结出来的辨证方法。它为温病的辨证施治提供了客观依据,是指导温病临床的基本法则。其重要作用是: ①概括温病的病机及传变规律。人体感受温热病邪后,致使卫气营血的功能失调及有关脏腑的实质受损害。临床反映出由卫至气而营及血,或从上焦传中焦到下焦,病情由浅入深、由轻到重、从外向内、由上及下的传变规律。把握这一病     

漫谈中医的辨证（十九）——三焦辨证

清代医家吴鞠通,继叶天士卫气营血辨证方法之后,又根据《内经》三焦部位划分的概念,创立了温病的“三焦”辨证方法。它以三焦为纲,将温热病的证候归纳为上焦病证、中焦病证、下焦病证,并将卫气营血的分证贯穿其中,着重阐述三焦所属脏腑在温热病发生发展过程中的病理变化、证候表现及其传变规律。     

薛雪《湿热病篇》“层次”辨证规律探讨

对湿热病的治疗，医家们多宗三焦辨证和卫气营血辨证，作为湿热病之专著（湿热病篇）（下称《湿篇》），其对湿热病的辨证治疗，除卫气营血、三焦辨证的内容外，更有依病邪侵犯的浅深层次而进行辨证施治的内容。探讨（湿热病篇）的湿热病辨证规律，既能加深了解三焦辨证和卫气营血辨证方法在湿热病辨证施治中的作用，又能开拓、启迪湿热病辨治的思路。1对湿热病邪馒犯的浅深层次的认识“湿热之邪，不自表入里，故无表里之分”，言湿热之邪侵袭人体的途径不是由表入里，是与伤寒相比较而言的，但虽说湿热病邪侵犯人体“无表里之分”，却正如…     

大肠癌中医辨证文献研究

目的:寻求大肠癌中医辨证施治规律、便于规范大肠癌的中医治疗;方法:本文就近30年来国内公开发表的中医药治疗大肠癌的相关文献进行筛选、整理、统计和分析;结果:病因中正虚是以脾虚、肾虚为主,邪实以热毒、瘀血、湿热为主;辨证分型主要为脾肾阳虚证、气血两虚证、肝肾阴虚证、湿热证、瘀毒证;结论:大肠癌的中医辨证施治是有规律可循,但目前的文献报道难以反应中医辨证治疗的演变规律。     

浅述湿温证的临床辨证和治疗

对湿温证的辨证，各家有各家的观点，如吴又可倡有表里前后不同的“九传”。吴氏所谓“九传”实际是指有9种类型，且明确指出“众人均有不同”，不是每个人都有“九传”。薛生白则以经络表里三焦而分证。吴鞠通亦分三焦而论治。笔者认为，对湿温证的辨证与其它湿病一样，认为叶天士的卫气营血辨证法则最为可用，它能执简驭繁，且其所指病变的指征，亦较明确。     

王志刚主任医师通过“三焦辨证”治疗甲状腺功能亢进症临床经验

总结王志刚主任医师通过"三焦辨证"治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床经验。其认为甲状腺功能亢进症的基本病机为毒郁津亏、痰瘀互结、虚实夹杂,以毒郁津亏、阴虚为本,气滞、痰凝、血瘀为标,病理演变符合三焦传变的规律。通过"三焦辨证"分期论治,立足整体观念,辨治准确,临床疗效颇佳。     

读温病条辨后的体会(二)

四、以“温热”、“湿温”为例来讨论温病辨证施治的基本法则:前已述明“温热”及“湿温”是本书的两大纲,故作者以“温热”、“湿温”为例来讨论温病证治的基本内容。我们知道温病以三焦立论,在临床经过中是按三焦(上焦→中焦→下焦)传变(但不一定都传变),在传变过程巾可以发生“转化”,这些均于前面已加讨论而再重申者,乃引以为例,说明作者是根据此原则来探讨温病证治的。“温热”和“湿温”,各可分为病在上焦,病在中焦和病在下焦;上、中、下焦各有一定的临床表现——主证,从现代医学观点来分析温病各个阶段的主证,基本上     

辨证论治流行性出血热

流行性出血热根据其传染性及流行趋势发展的特点看，当属中医学温病学中的疫病，属于中医外感热病中“疫疹”，“疫毒发斑”等病的范畴。本病是温热疫毒之邪与寒或湿邪相合，在人体正气不足的情况下由口鼻或皮毛侵入机体，由表入里分布三焦、经络、脏腑、酿成卫气营血四个阶段转化的过程。湿、热、瘀、毒几乎存在于疾病的全过程，病程有顺传逆传、变证险证之分。正邪相争，温热疫毒内伏，气滞血瘀，阴阳失衡，肾精亏耗为本病的基本病理过程。辩证分型论治。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.