双相气道正压通气模式对急性肺损伤动物模型心肺功能的影响

目的：研究双相气道正压通气模式（ＢｉＰＡＰ）对急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）动物模型心肺功能的影响。方法：１１只犬麻醉后，用油酸造成ＡＬＩ模型。采用自身对照法比较其在ＢｉＰＡＰ、压力控制反比通气（ＰＣＩＲＶ）和容量控制反比通气（ＶＣＩＲＶ）３种通气模式中的呼吸、循环参数的变化。结果：在保持相同每分通气量和平均气道压的情况下，ＢｉＰＡＰ和ＰＣＩＲＶ模式的气道峰压均分别低于相同条件下ＶＣＩＲＶ模式的气道峰压，Ｐ均＜０．０５；在平均气道压相同情况下，ＢｉＰＡＰ和ＰＣＩＲＶ模式每分通气量分别为（４．４２±０．４３）Ｌ／ｍｉｎ和（４．４３±０．３９）Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，均大于ＶＣＩＲＶ模式的（３．８４±０．２０）Ｌ／ｍｉｎ和（３．７６±０．２３）Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ均＜０．０５；ＢｉＰＡＰ模式时，肺泡死腔和肺内分流分别为（２０．２４±２．３６）和（１５．８０±２．６２），均较ＶＣＩＲＶ模式的（２４．９６±１．８７）和（２１．３６±２．２７）低（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；但ＰＣＩＲＶ模式时，上述两个指标与ＶＣＩＲＶ模式无显著性差异。结论：ＢｉＰＡＰ将压力控制通气和自主呼吸合为一体，是一种较好的治疗ＡＬＩ的通气模式。     

惠尔血联用静脉丙种球蛋白对白血病化疗后感染的影响

为了更好地治疗和预防急性白血病（ＡＬ）患者化疗后的继发感染，４４例初治ＡＬ患者被分成惠尔血联用静脉丙种蛋白组（ｒｈＣ－ＣＳＦ－ＩＶＩＧ）、惠尔血组（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）和对照组进行临床研究。结果显示：（１）ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ－ＩＶＩＧ组和ｒｈｇ－ＣＳＦ组的发热持续天数，周转血白细胞数（ＷＢＣ）〈２．０×１０＾９／Ｌ以及中性粒细胞数（ＡＮＣ）〈０．５×１０＾９／Ｌ的持续天数均明显小于对照组（Ｐ值均小于０．０     

咪唑安定对肺顺应性的影响

目的：了解咪唑安全对肺顺应性的影响。方法：将６０例成年腹腔镜手术患者（ＡＳＡ－Ⅰ￣Ⅱ级）按咪唑安全剂量不同分３组,每组２０例,咪唑安定剂量Ａ组０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｂ组０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,分别在静注咪唑安定前及注药后１,５,１０,１５和２０ｍｉｎ测定潮气量（ＶＴ）,吸气平台压力（Ｐｐ）,呼气末压（ＰＥ）,顺应性（Ｃ）和呼气末二氧化碳（ＥＴＣＯ２）。结果：与注药前相比,注药后ＶＴ,ＰＥ（除Ａ组注药后１ｍｉ     

复方红景天和参芪花粉合剂防治高原急性肺损伤的实验研究

目的：探索藏药复方红景天（ＲＣＯ）和复方参芪花粉合剂（ＡＣＯ）对高原急性肺损伤（ＡＬＩ）早期的防治作用。方法：２４只兔和１２０只小鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组（ＮＣＧ）、盲肠结扎穿孔（ＣＬＰ）致伤组（ＩＧ），ＡＣＯ防治组（ＡＣＯＧ）、ＲＣＯ防治组（ＲＣＯＧ）。致伤前后按时测定体、肺血流动力学，血气和血、组织匀浆中的血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α）各指标参数。结果：各组动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）和平均肺动脉压（ＭＰＡＰ）在致伤前已出现差异，ＲＣＯＧ和ＮＣＧ及ＩＧ比较，Ｐ均＜０．０５。术后４小时、８小时各组ＰａＯ２、ＴＸＢ２、６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α变化更明显，ＡＣＯＧ、ＲＣＯＧ与ＮＣＧ及ＩＧ比较，Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１。术后１２小时，ＡＣＯＧ和ＲＣＯＧ的平均体动脉压（ＭＡＰ）仍保持ＮＣＧ水平，与ＩＧ比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１。结论：藏药ＲＣＯ和ＡＣＯ在防治高原ＡＬＩ中可能起到重要防护作用     

老年女性动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死患者性激素及血脂变化的研究

目的：研究老年女性动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死（ＡＴＣＩ）患者体内性激素与血脂的变化规律。方法：测定４６例老年女性ＡＴＣＩ患者（Ａ组）、４３例老年健康女性（Ｂ组）和４１例正常育龄行经的年轻健康女性（Ｃ组）的血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、促卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）和促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）;同时测定了血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）。结果：Ａ组与Ｂ组、Ｃ组比较显示,Ｅ２、ＨＤＬＣ水平显著降低,ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＬＤＬＣ水平则显著增高（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。线性相关分析,Ｅ２与ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬＣ水平呈显著负相关,而与ＨＤＬＣ水平呈显著正相关。结论：老年女性ＡＴＣＩ患者存在着严重的性激素失调及脂代谢异常,可能为老年女性ＡＴＣＩ患者发病的原因之一     

脑血管病患者血氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白与脂质,脂蛋白及载脂…

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定了７１例脑血管病（ＣＶＤ）患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＭＬＤＬ）浓度，对比分析了患者血ＯＭＬＤＬ、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、载脂蛋白Ａ－Ｉ（ａｐｏＡ－Ｉ）、ａｐｏＢ１００的浓度、变化及异常率，并分析了ＯＭＬＤＬＩ浓度与其它指的相关性。结果：ＣＶＤ患者血ＯＭＬＤＬ浓度显著高于对照组，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ浓度显著升高     

急性缺血性脑梗塞患者脑脊液中β2—微球蛋白含量的变化

测定４４例急性缺血性脑梗塞（ＡＩＣＩ）患者和２４例正常对照者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）β２微球蛋白（β２ＭＧ）的含量。结果：ＡＩＣＩ组ＣＳＦβ２ＭＧ的含量（１．５０±０．３８ｍｇ／Ｌ）明显高于正常组（１．１４±０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；８例严重偏瘫的大片梗塞患者ＣＳＦβ２ＭＧ含量升高更著（１．９１±０．３４ｍｇ／Ｌ）；ＡＩＣＩ组中２０例患者治疗后ＣＳＦβ２ＭＧ含量（１．１８±０．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ）明显低于治疗前（１．４６±０．３９ｍｇ／Ｌ）。作者推测ＡＩＣＩ患者ＣＳＦβ２ＭＧ含量升高可能与中枢神经系统内发生免疫反应有关。     

ROC曲线评价血清脂类在冠心病及脑血管病患者中的检测意义

测定了６０以上健康老年人６８例，２８例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）和２６例脑血管病（ＣＶＤ）患者血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃｈ、ＡｐｏＡＩ、ＡｐｏＢ、Ｌｐ（ａ）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃｈ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃｈ（Ｌ／Ｈ）、ＡｐｏＢ／ＡｐｏＡＩ（Ｂ／Ａ）等九项脂类指标。应用ＲＯＣ曲线对其在ＣＨＤ和ＣＶＤ中的检测意义进行评估。筛选出ＣＨＤ的优选检测指标依次为Ｂ／Ａ〉ＡｐｏＢ〉Ｌｐ（ａ）〉ＡｐｏＡＩ〉ＴＧ；ＣＶＤ的优选指标依次为Ｂ／Ａ〉Ｈ     

原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒感染状况

对６４例ＡＦＰ＞４００μＧ／Ｌ原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）患者与ＡＦＰ＜５０μｇ／Ｌ１５６例非ＰＨＣ者进行ＨＢＶ标志物检测。结果表明：１．ＨＰＣ患者合并ＨＢＶ感染者远远多于无ＰＨＣ者ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率为８２．８％，对照组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性主继７．６９％，ＰＨＣ病例ＨＢＶ流行率显著高于对照组Ｐ＜０．０１，有慢性肝炎病史者为ＰＨＣ高危对象。２．ＰＨＣ患者男性多于女性。     

狼疮肾炎患者血中抗磷脂抗体与血栓素变化的观察

目的：观察血抗磷脂抗体（ａＰＬ）与前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）在狼疮肾炎（ＬＮ）中的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法：用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和放射免疫法分别检测ＬＮ患者血ａＰＬ、６酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α）和血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）水平。结果：５１例ＬＮ中３５例ａＰＬ阳性（６８．６％）,ａＰＬ与血栓形成、系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）活性及皮肤血管炎显著相关。ａＰＬ阳性组ＴＸＢ２〔（２５６５．８７±５９３．４７）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕较ａＰＬ阴性组〔（７１８．７４±１３７．６３）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕和正常对照组〔（４２１．３７±１０８．５９）ｎｇ／Ｌ〕均显著升高（Ｐ均＜０．０１）;６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２比值均显著降低（ａＰＬ阳性组：０．５７０±０．０６９;ａＰＬ阴性组：１．０３０±０．０７７;对照组：１．９１０±０．１１７;Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论：ａＰＬ与ＬＮ患者的血栓形成有明显关系,其原因可能与体内ＰＧＩ２ＴＸＡ２平衡破坏及ＴＸＡ２升高有关。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.