抗眩颗粒对小鼠脑膜微循环的影响

目的观察抗眩颗粒对小鼠脑膜微循环的影响。方法取小鼠60只,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,分别灌服抗眩颗粒、养血清脑颗粒混悬液及同体积的生理盐水,连续给药10 d。于第10天后开始测定。记录小鼠平静后2 min内的血流灌注量。取结扎前110~120 s的血流灌注量平均值作为结扎前的平均灌注量,取230~240 s的血流灌注量平均值作为结扎后的平均灌注量,并进行分析。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组脑膜微循环血流量显著减少(P<0.01)。抗眩颗粒和养血清脑颗粒均可显著改善双侧颈总动脉结扎所致的小鼠脑血流量减少(P<0.01)。结论抗眩颗粒对小鼠脑膜微循环有良好的改善作用。     

抗眩颗粒对内分泌型高血压大鼠模型的影响

目的观察抗眩颗粒对内分泌型高血压大鼠模型的影响。方法取造高血压模型成功大鼠72只,按血压高低随机分为6组,每组12只,分别灌服大、中、小剂量抗眩颗粒混悬液、养血清脑颗粒混悬液、卡托普利混悬液和同体积的蒸馏水;空白对照组灌同体积的生理盐水,连续给药7 d。于第7天造模,给药后2 h测各组大鼠血压值。结果与模型组比较,大、中、小剂量抗眩颗粒组、养血清脑颗粒组及卡托普利组大鼠血压(SBP、DBP)均显著降低。与空白对照组比较,模型组血浆ANG-2、ET水平均显著性升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,大、中、小剂量抗眩颗粒组、养血清脑颗粒组及卡托普利组大鼠血浆ANG-2水平均显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);大、中剂量抗眩颗粒组、养血清脑颗粒组及卡托普利组大鼠血浆ET水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论抗眩颗粒对内分泌型高血压大鼠有良好的改善作用。     

抗眩颗粒的制备及葛根素的含量测定

目的：探讨抗眩颗粒的制备和葛根素的含量测定方法.方法：采用水提浓缩制粒制备抗眩颗粒,采用高效液相色谱法对方中葛根的有效成分葛根素进行定量测定.结果：葛根素在12～60 μg＆#183;ml-1内呈良好的线性关系（r =0.999 6）,平均加样回收率为100.10％,RSD为1.20％（n=6）.结论：该法简单方便,精密度高,准确可靠,可用于该制剂的质量控制.     

短暂脑缺血发作对溶血磷脂酸的影响及养血清脑颗粒的作用

目的:研究短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)对溶血磷脂酸(LPA)的影响以及中成药养血清脑颗粒的作用。方法:小鼠尾静脉注射过氧化物并窒息建立TIA模型,灌胃给予不同剂量养血清脑颗粒,诱发4次后隔日断头取脑测定血浆和脑组织中LPA等的含量。结果:模型组的神经系统评分为0.969±0.790,养血清脑颗粒2g·kg~(-1)组的评分为0.500±0.408,较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。模型组小鼠血浆LPA比正常对照组明显升高,分别为(6.12±0.35)和(2.11±1.27)μmol·L~(-1),养血清脑颗粒4g·kg~(-1)组较模型组明显降低[(4.88±1.55)μmol·L~(-1),P<0.05]。模型组小鼠脑组织磷脂与对照相比明显降低,分别为(2.27±1.13)及(6.58±2.77)μmol·g~(-1),给药组小鼠可上升至(4.26±1.99)μmol·g~(-1)。结论:实验性TIA发作可导致小鼠血浆和脑组织中LPA等磷脂水平异常,养血清脑有逆转作用。     

养血清脑颗粒对收缩压影响的实验研究

目的研究养血清脑颗粒(降血压药)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用。方法用SHR模型和大鼠尾动脉脉搏测压法,观察养血清脑颗粒(31.5,15.8,7.8g·kg-1,每天灌胃给药)对SHR收缩血压的影响。结果单次灌服养血清脑颗粒约1h,开始显示降压作用,2~3h达最高降压效果;连续给药2周后,高剂量组与模型组比较即有显著性差异(P<0.05);给药8周后,试验组与模型组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论养血清脑颗粒有降低SHR收缩压的作用。     

养血清脑颗粒对自发性高血压大鼠收缩压的影响

目的:观察养血清脑颗粒对收缩压的影响,明确其降压作用及强度。方法:采用尾动脉容积无创测压法,在适应性测压结束后,计算每只大鼠的基础血压,按血压分层,再按随机数字表分为6组,每组10只,以东京都威斯特大鼠(WKY)为正常对照,于不同时间测定,并进行统计学分析。结果:单次灌服养血清脑颗粒,可以使自发性高血压大鼠收缩压下降;连续灌服养血清脑颗粒,可以抑制自发性高血压大鼠血压随年龄的增加而增加的趋势,高剂量组与模型组比较,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:养血清脑颗粒对自发性高血压大鼠收缩压发挥作用平缓,作用持久。     

养血清脑颗粒对偏头痛患者超敏C反应蛋白的影响及疗效的观察

目的：探讨超敏C反应蛋白（CRP）的变化与偏头痛发病机制的关系，研究养血清脑颗粒治疗偏头痛疗效及对超敏C反应蛋白的影响。方法：分别对107例偏头痛患者和92例健康人进行超敏CRP的测定；再将病例组随机分为养血清脑颗粒治疗组52例和非养血清脑颗粒组55例，在给以西药西比灵治疗的同时，养血清脑颗粒组给以养血清脑颗粒4g，3次/日，给药1个月后分别进行超敏C反应蛋白的测定。结果：偏头痛患者血清超敏CRP的含量明显高于对照组，加用养血清脑颗粒后，疗效明显提高，且养血清脑颗粒有降低超敏C反应蛋白的作用。结论：超敏C反应蛋白的增高与偏头痛的发生有关，养血清脑颗粒可通过降低超敏C反应蛋白的含量起到有效的治疗作用。     

养血清脑颗粒治疗偏头痛28例

目的观察养血清脑颗粒治疗偏头痛的临床疗效。方法56例偏头痛患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用养血清脑颗粒,对照组采用氟桂利嗪治疗,疗程为8周。结果治疗组总有效率88．57％,对照组总有效率为67．86％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论养血清脑颗粒治疗偏头痛疗效显著。     

珠子参水提物对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响

目的：观察珠子参水提物对耳廓微循环的影响。方法：采用耳廓微循环观察法检测珠子参水提物对正常和血瘀模型小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。结果：珠子参水提物能明显增加耳廓微血管管径及毛细血管开放数目,能有效改善肾上腺素所致的耳廓微循环障碍。结论：珠子参水提物具有改善小鼠耳廓微循环作用。     

养血清脑颗粒在治疗高血压病中的应用

目的探讨养血清脑颗粒对高血压病患者的血压控制及患者头晕、失眠症状改善的疗效。方法将100例原发性高血压病患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,观察患者的血压控制情况及患者临床症状的改善情况。结果1）与对照组比较,治疗组4周、8周及1年收缩压及舒张压均减低,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;2）治疗组4周与8周临床症状缓解率较对照组明显提高,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。2）治疗组无一例出现不良反应。结论运用养血清脑颗粒结合其他降压药物能够有效地降低血压,稳定血压,并能够很好的缓解高血压病患者的头晕、失眠症状,而且安全可靠。     

降糖通脉无糖型颗粒对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的验证降糖通脉无糖型颗粒降血糖的作用。方法应用四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病小鼠模型,进行降血糖及糖耐量药效学试验。结果四氧嘧啶尾静脉注射3d后,所有试验的糖尿病小鼠的血糖含量均超过25mmol／L。连续给药21d后,各组小鼠血糖含量,模型对照组血糖明显高于空白对照组,降糖通脉各组和盐酸二甲双胍组明显低于模型对照组。结论降糖通脉无糖型颗粒降血糖的作用明显,并可提高糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量。     

甘露醇和β-七叶皂苷钠致兔耳静脉和周围组织损伤的研究

目的：比较甘露醇和β-七叶皂苷钠所致兔耳静脉及周围组织的损伤。方法：将健康家兔12只，随机分为3组，每组4只。甘露醇组静脉注射20％甘露醇5ml；β-七叶皂苷钠组静脉注射0．02％β-七叶皂苷钠5ml；对照组静脉注射0．9％氯化钠注射液5ml。每组均注射2次／d，上午注射左耳缘静脉，下午注射右耳缘静脉，共注射3d。分别观察各组在第1天、第3天兔耳缘静脉血管和周围组织的损伤以及第4～7天时各自的恢复程度。结果：病理切片显示：第1天时，甘露醇组及对照组兔耳血管和周围组织无明显改变；而β-七叶皂苷钠组兔耳血管明显扩张，出血。第3天时，在注射部位0．5cm范围内，甘露醇组和β-七叶皂苷钠组兔耳血管及周围组织的损伤均有加重：甘露醇组为血管内皮细胞破坏，血管内瘀血，周围组织炎症水肿；β-七叶皂苷钠组血管扩张及炎症反应。对照组无明显变化。第4天，甘露醇和β-七叶皂苷钠组周围组织炎症及水肿各有不同程度的恢复；第5天和第7天，甘露醇组出现2例在距离注射部位约2cm和3．5cm处，一块约1cm×1cm、另一块约0．6cm×0．4cm的局部组织坏死；而β-七叶皂苷钠无1例发生局部组织坏死。结论：甘露醇致血管出现损伤的时间较β-七叶皂苷钠延迟，但对血管和周围组织产生损伤的程度较β-七叶皂苷钠重。     

镇咳平喘颗粒镇咳、祛痰作用的实验研究

目的观察镇咳平喘颗粒的主要药理作用。方法采用小鼠因氨水所致咳嗽法、豚鼠因枸橼酸所致咳嗽法观察其镇咳作用;小鼠呼吸道酚红排痰量法、大鼠毛细管排痰量法观察其祛痰作用。结果镇咳平喘颗粒可以延长小鼠因氨水所致的咳嗽潜伏期及因枸橼酸所致豚鼠的咳嗽潜伏期,同时减少咳嗽次数;可以增加小鼠呼吸道的酚红排痰量及增加大鼠毛细管的排痰量。结论镇咳平喘颗粒具有镇咳、祛痰作用。     

参芍颗粒对急性心肌缺血的影响

目的观察参芍颗粒对犬急性心肌缺血的影响.方法结扎犬冠状动脉前降支,造成急性心肌缺血模型,观察不同剂量对模型犬心肌缺血不同时间血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)和心肌梗死程度的影响.结果参芍颗粒可明显缩小犬N-BT染色所显示的梗死面积,降低心肌缺血模型犬血清的LDH和CPK.结论参芍颗粒能明显改善急性心肌缺血模型犬的心肌缺血程度,缩小心肌梗死范围,具有保护心肌的作用.     

Effect of calcium agonists and antagonists on cerebellar granule cells

In cerebellar cultures, comprising predominantly granule neurones, dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca²⁺ agonists were potent stimulators of voltage-sensitive ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake. Their effect was maximal in partially depolarized cells; at 15 mM K_e⁺ half maximal stimulation occurred at about 5 × 10⁻⁸ M BAY K 8644 and 10⁻⁷ M(+)-(S)-202 791. Organic Ca²⁺ antagonists were effective inhibitors of voltage-sensitive calcium entry into granule cells: the order of potency in blocking uptake induced by sub-maximal concentration of K⁺ and BAY K 8644 was nifedipine > (−)-202 791 > D600. BAY K 8644 also stimulated the release of glutamate, the transmitter of the granule cells, from depolarized cells. Granule cells are therefore a class of neurones whose responsiveness to organic Ca²⁺ effectors is similar to that of cardiac and smooth muscle. The discrepant findings on the effect of calcium effectors in various preparations of nervous tissues may thus reflect a differential distribution of voltage-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels in different neuronal cell types.     

Crosslinking of drug-alginate granules. Part 2. Effect of granule preparation and composition on granule properties

Paracetamol-alginate (Keltone HVCR) (1:1) granules were prepared by a wet granulation process followed by crosslinking of dried granules in calcium chloride solution. The effect of shear (planetary (low), Brabender (high)), binder quantity (1:2, 1:1 water:powder) and drug particle size (PS 98, 275 microm) were studied using a factorial design. Supporting studies were carried out varying binder quantity and alginate grade (viscosity). In the pre-treated granules, drug entrapment was mainly influenced by drug PS, where the smaller particles showed better embedding. After crosslinking, drug particle size continued to be the most important factor influencing drug recovery. All factors influenced early stage release where high shear, high binder, small drug PS granules showed least release and the low shear, low binder and large drug PS granules showed greatest release. Some significant two-factor interactions were found. Granule consolidation (shown by SEM) and particle embedding increased with binder quantity and reduced as the alginate viscosity was increased. Crosslinking, as shown by Na and Ca contents was >90%. The impact of granule consolidation on drug entrapment and recovery was relatively small (<10%) when compared to its effect on early stage drug release (>60%) which may be important if these granule systems are to be used for taste improvement.     

Effects of calcium antagonists on alpha-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstrictions of the canine intermediate auricular artery

The effects of calcium antagonists, diltiazem (DI) and verapamil (VE), on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses of the isolated and perfused canine intermediate auricular artery were examined by use of the stainless steel cannula inserting method. KCI (3 mg)-induced contractile responses were dose-dependently inhibited by DI and VE. Norepinephrine (0.1 microgram)-induced vasoconstrictions were also dose-dependently inhibited by both DI and VE. DI and VE shifted dose-response curves for phenylephrine and clonidine to the right with suppression of maximal responses. At large doses, DI and VE suppressed clonidine-induced contractions more than phenylephrine-induced ones, but not significantly. It is concluded that not only alpha 1- but also alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstrictions of the canine intermediate auricular artery are dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium ions, the present results may provide in vitro proof for the effectiveness of calcium antagonists on skin circulatory disturbances such as Raynaud's phenomenon and the isolated and perfused canine intermediate auricular artery would be a good in vitro model for investigating responsiveness of the skin supplying artery.     

香附理气颗粒对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的研究香附理气颗粒对正常小鼠的细胞免疫及体液免疫的影响。方法采用LPS刺激脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖、碳粒廓清、溶血素抗体生成等实验,研究香附理气颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果香附理气颗粒能明显提高正常小鼠的碳粒廓清指数和吞噬指数,增加脾脏、胸腺指数,明显促进溶血素抗体的生成,显著增加脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖活化。结论香附理气颗粒对正常动物的免疫功能有一定的增强作用。