Changes in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels during self-stimulation and avoidance reactions

Change in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels during self-stimulation and avoidance reactions were studied in rabbits of both sexes. Self-stimulation was accompanied by a significant fall in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. During the avoidance reaction the character of changes in the cholesterol level varied. In avoidance reactions of the aggression type the blood cholesterol was raised, whereas in reactions of the fear type it was lowered. The maximal deviation of the blood cholesterol from its initial level in all types of reactions was observed 15–30 min after stimulation.Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Circulation, All-Union Cardiological Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Neuronal Structure, Brain Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR E. I. Chazov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 211–214, March, 1979.     

Sensitivity to murine toxin and level of macrophagal 5′-nucleotidase activity

N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Mikrob Plague Research Institute, Saratov. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 297–299, March, 1992.     

Role of adrenergic structures in functional control over the cerebral circulation

An investigation of the cerebral circulation by the thermoelectric method showed that stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve leads to considerable changes in the blood supply to the brain. The changes in blood flow are biphasic in character: An initial small increase is followed by a decrease below the original level. Pharmacological analysis with and adrenoblockers showed that the constrictor response of the cerebral vessels is due to excitation of -adrenergic structures and the dilator response to excitation of -adrenergic structures. A possible mechanism of these changes is postulated.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Respiration, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 9–12, January, 1976.     

Acid phosphatase in the mucosa of the small intestine after exposure to various doses of γ-rays

It was shown by electrophoresis in agar gel and electron microscopy that acid phosphatase activity and the structure of the cells synthesizing the enzyme depend on the dose of -irradiation and the time elapsing thereafter.Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. A. Zedgenidze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 172–176, August, 1978.     

Continuity of the bulbar locomotor strip is not essential for walking

Bilateral destruction of the medulla, interrupting both locomotor strips, was carried out on mesencephalic cats. After the operation walking could still be induced by stimulation of the more rostral (and also caudal) portion of the strip, although in some experiments the threshold of walking was raised. The connection of the locomotor strip with other structures of the brain stem and spinal cord is discussed on the basis of these findings.A. N. Belozerskii Interfaculty Laboratory, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Laboratory of Physiology of Movements, Institute for Problems in Information Transmission, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. I. Kuzin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 3–6, January, 1980.     

Two-stage rocket-electrophoresis on cellulose acetate films

The method of two-stage rocket electrophoresis on gelatinized cellulose acetate film (Cellogel) was developed. The method is based on electroimmunodiffusion detection of antigen on cellulose acetate films containing monospecific antiserum of a test system, followed by detection of precipitation bands with the appearance of stained rockets if the reaction takes place in the visible zone, or with further treatment of cellulose acetate strips containing invisible precipitates with antiglobulin antibodies, complement, or a combination of both. The sensitivity of the method is increased to 30–60 ng/ml in the visible zone of reaction by simultaneously reducing the concentration of antibodies and increasing the absolute amount of antigen for electrophoresis to 50–100 l. Details of the method were worked out for human -fetoprotein.Scientific Experimental Production Group, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 369–371, September, 1979.     

Characteristics of heterologous antisera against stromal fibroblasts

Experiments with heterologous rabbit antifibroblast sera (AFS) against guinea pig stromal mechanocytes showed that culture media from subcultured stromal mechanocytes from the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus contain a specific trypsin-resistant fibroblast protein (AG-1), which is present also in normal blood serum and on the surface of the stromal fibroblasts. AG-1 is insensitive to the action of collagenase and evidently differs from the chief surface protein (CSP) of fibroblasts. AG-1 is a ₁-globulin and is probably the hitherto unknown specific surface protein of fibroblasts. Antibodies against a nonspecific fibroblast protein (AG-2) and an ₁-globulin related to AG-1 also were found in the AFS.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 454–458, October, 1978.     

A micromethod of immunodiffusion

A method of counterimmunodiffusion using a technique of horizontal micromanipulation is described by which it is possible to detect 1–10 ng protein in 0.3–1.2 l of test fluid.Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. I. Ioffe.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 630–631, May, 1977.     

Normal and pathologic antigens in human carcinoma

Summary Comparative studies of antigenic properties of cancerous tissues and of normal organs in one and the same subject demonstrated special cancer antigens in cancerous tissues, specific for these pathologically altered tissues.Presented by Prof. V. D. Timakov Active Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of the normal microflora and age and sex of rats on the serum IgG2 level

Germfree and ordinary rats, bred in the laboratory, and rats obtained from nurseries were used. IgG₂ was isolated from the serum of noninbred rats and a rabbit antiserum against it obtained. By radial immunodiffusion the quantity of this immunoglobulin was determined in the blood serum of different groups of animals. The IgG₂ content in germfree rats of the Fisher strain was only 19% of that in animals of this strain obtained from the nursery, and in females it was 10–15% higher than in males. The IgG₂ level in newborn rats within a few hours after birth was identical regardless of its concentration in the maternal blood serum. The results may be used as standards for various immunological experiments on rats.Laboratory of Gnotobiology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 335–337, September, 1978.     

Effect of thymosine on human lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro

During incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy blood donors with thymosine there is an increase in the number of high-avidity active lymphocytes with receptors for sheep's red blood cells and of lymphocytes with receptors for the C'3-component of complement and for the FC-fragment of immunoglobulins; the proportion of cap-forming immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes also increases. The role of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations and of their precursors as target cells for the action of thymosine is discussed.Division of Immunology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 192–194, February, 1980.     

Role of alimentary hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of some disturbances of lipid metabolism

Alimentary hyperglycemia in rabbits is accompanied by elevation of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride level and also by a progressive rise in the serum concentration of pre--lipoproteins, carriers of endogenous triglycerides. Feeding hyperglycemic animals with cholesterol for a short time leads to earlier and more marked atherogenic changes in the body than similar feeding of normoglycemic animals.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 281–283, March, 1976.     

Ultrastructure of conjugates of cytolytic T lymphocytes and target cells

Conjugates of target cells and cytolytic T lymphocytes, isolated on the 11th day after alloimmunization, were investigated. Conjugates were formed by small and medium-sized lymphocytes, in the cytoplasm of which mature secretory granules, crystalloid structures, and lipids were found. The lymphocyte was spherical in shape and its area of contact with the target cell did not exceed 5–15%. Cytolysis of the target cells was observed after incubation for 30–60 min. The lymphocyte became flatter, its nucleus became oval in shape, and the area of its contact with the target cell increased. Meanwhile, hypertrophy and a change in the orientation of the Golgi complex were found in the zone of contact with the target cell, fusion of the secretory granules with the lipids and crystalloid structures took place, and immature secretory granules and vacuolar degeneration of the mitochondria appeared. Peeling of the lymphocyte membrane was observed, and structures connected with it and called membranosomes are described. It is suggested that secretory processes are activated in the cytoplasm of cytolytic T lymphocytes during their interaction with target cells.Laboratory of Systemic Blood Diseases, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Electron Microscopy, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 560–565, May, 1978.     

Immunogenicity of polymers of H antigen obtained by different methods

The properties of two polymers obtained from flagellin by different methods — precipitation by ammonium sulfate followed by centrifugation or treatment with glutaraldehyde in solution followed by gel chromatography — were studied. Molecules of the former (POL) and the latter (GLUT) are similar in shape but POL has a higher molecular weight. The preparations contain a common H antigen and are similar in serologic activity. POL has very high priming activity for mice. GLUT is highly immunogenic only within a narrow dose range, is less immunogenic than POL, and differs from POL in forming a certain quantity of 7S antibodies.Department of Chemotherapy, All-Union Research Institute for the Search for New Antibiotics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Physical and Chemical Methods of Investigation, I. I. Mechanikov Moscow Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. F. Gauze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 551–554, May, 1978.     

Effect of propranolol on some mechanisms regulating cardiac output

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats propranolol reduced the venous return to the heart while increasing the capacity of the systemic venous circulation. Myocardial -adrenoreceptor blockade is not the only cause, of this effect.Division of Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, Academician I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 307–309, September, 1979.     

Telomeric fusion of chromosomes in cells treated with colcemid and 5-bromodeoxyuridine

After combined treatment of an aneuploid line of Chinese hamster cells for 24 h with colcemid (0.05 g/ml) and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (50 g/ml) specific chromosomes with two or more centromeres, not present after treatment of the cells with these substances separately, were found in tetraploid metaphases of the second mitotic division. These chromosomes were the result of telomeric fusion of the chromosomes. The possible link between this phenomenon and telomeric association of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus and also with chromosomal disturbances in the Louis—Bar syndrome (ataxia-telangiectasia) is discussed.Laboratory of General Cytogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 9, pp. 1142–1144, September, 1976.     

Relations between musuclar and connective tissue components of the rat heart in experimental myocardial infarction

After the first day of experimental myocardial infarction in rats the volume and mean number of connective tissue stromal cells are increased in the intact zones of the left ventricle; on the second day of the experiment these indices reach their maximum, and by the 20th day they are equal to the values for the myocardium of control animals. On the third day of the experiment the number of muscle nuclei per standard area of cross section is increased, evidently as the result of amitotic division of the myocyte nuclei, for the number of paired nuclei is increased at the same time.Central Pathological Anatomical Laboratory, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 486–488, April, 1977.     

Changes in 3β-OH-steroid dehydrogenase activity in the adrenals of rat fetuses decapitatedin utero

Activity of 3-OH-steroid dehydrogenase in the adrenal cortex of 21-day rat fetuses in the control and 3 days after decapitationin utero was estimated quantitatively by microspectrophotometry. Activity of the enzyme, calculated per conventional cell in the zona fasciculata was considerably higher than in the developing zona glomerulosa. After hypophysectomy the 3-OH-steroid dehydrogenase activity was reduced in both zones of the adrenal.Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation and Laboratory of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1317–1320, November, 1976.     

Effect of cesium,lithium, and rubidium on some actions of morphine

The effect of cesium, lithium, and rubidium chlorides on the analgesic action of morphine (in the vocalization test) and on the course of dependence on it (by the two bottle test) was investigated. The chlorides were shown to reduce both the threshold of the pain response and the duration of analgesia produced by morphine. Cesium chloride was most active in this respect. All the compounds studied reduced the coefficient of morphine preference. The greatest effect was observed with cesium chloride, which reduced the preference coefficient to one-fortieth of the control level.Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 42–44, July, 1978.