HPLC-CAD法测定川芎茶调散中绿原酸、阿魏酸、阿魏酸松柏酯、洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素

目的建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾检测器(HPLC-CAD)法同时测定川芎茶调散中绿原酸、阿魏酸、阿魏酸松柏酯、洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素。方法采用资生堂Capcell Pak MGⅡC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:80%甲醇-10 mmol/L甲酸铵,梯度洗脱;体积流量:1.0 m L/min;柱温:40℃;CAD雾化器温度:35℃,采集频率:10 Hz,过滤常数:5.0;进样体积:20μL;稀释剂:70%甲醇。结果绿原酸、阿魏酸、阿魏酸松柏酯、洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素的质量浓度分别在0.51～10.20μg/m L(r=0.999 4),0.53～10.60μg/m L(r=0.999 3),2.52～50.40μg/m L(r=0.999 5),5.05～101.00μg/m L(r=0.999 4),5.01～100.20μg/m L(r=0.999 8),1.02～20.40μg/m L(r=0.9995)、0.62～12.40μg/m L(r=0.9993)线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.46%、98.65%、98.48%、98.74%、98.60%、98.69%、98.58%,RSD值分别为1.62%、0.87%、1.03%、1.20%、1.25%、0.69%、0.66%。结论方法准确、重复性好,为川芎茶调散的质量研究提供了更加全面的方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定脑心舒口服液中杂质5-羟甲基糠醛含量

目的建立测定脑心舒口服液中杂质5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)含量的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱为Phenomenex Luna C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为284 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。结果 5-HMF质量浓度在0.204~76.65μg/m L(r=0.999 7,n=7)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%(n=6),平均加样回收率为99.18%,RSD为1.61%(n=9)。结论该方法操作简便、结果准确,精密度、稳定性、重复性、耐用性均好,可用于脑心舒口服液中杂质5-HMF含量的测定。     

反相HPLC-内标法测定头孢呋辛酯的含量

建立反相HPLC(RP-HPLC法)-内标法测定头孢呋辛酯的高效液相色谱检测方法.用C18色谱柱(4,6mm×150mm,5μm),柱温:室温,流动相为0.2 mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液-甲醇(62∶38),流速1.0ml/min,内标为奥硝唑,检测波长为278nm.结果头孢呋辛酯在50.0～300.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=3),平均回收率为98.95%,RSD为0.96%,精密度RSD为0.97%.该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、专一性强,可用于头孢呋辛酯片的含量测定.内标法可以消除仪器和操作产生的误差,使结果更准确.     

HPLC法测定安立生坦中R异构体

目的建立HPLC法测定安立生坦中R异构体的方法。方法采用HPLC法,用硅胶键合蛋白质型手性色谱柱ULTRON ES-OVM(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调节p H至4.0)-乙腈(80∶20)为流动相;检测波长220 nm;柱温30℃;体积流量为1.0 m L/min;进样体积20μL。结果安立生坦R异构体在0.501~4.008μg/m L与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 3),平均回收率为98.62%,RSD值为2.82%(n=12)。结论本法操作简便快速,结果准确可靠,可用于安立生坦中R异构体的控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定复方苯海拉明滴鼻液中3种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定复方苯海拉明滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱、呋喃西林、盐酸苯海拉明含量的方法。方法:采用反向高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3 C_18,流动相为0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(p H 7.0)-乙腈(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为256 nm,柱温35℃,进样量为20μL。结果:盐酸麻黄碱、呋喃西林、盐酸苯海拉明检测质量浓度线性范围分别为122.1~366.3μg/m L(r=0.999 9)、5.2~15.5μg/m L(r=0.999 8)、31.5~94.5μg/m L(r=0.999 4);定量限分别为2.442、0.010、2.520μg/m L,检测限分别为0.810、0.003、0.830μg/m L;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<1.0%;加样回收率分别为99.2%~101.7%(RSD=0.9%,n=9),96.4%~102.0%(RSD=1.7%,n=9),100.2%~101.9%(RSD=0.4%,n=9)。结论:该方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,适用于复方苯海拉明滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱、呋喃西林、盐酸苯海拉明含量的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定维地西林涂剂中盐酸丁卡因的含量

目的:建立维地西林涂剂中盐酸丁卡因的质量控制方法,保障安全用药。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱:Diamonsil-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.4%三乙胺溶液(用稀磷酸调节pH值至3.0)(55∶45);流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长311 nm;进样量20μL;柱温30℃。结果:盐酸丁卡因在0.494～12.350μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性方程为Y=0.065X+0.0086(r=0.9995),平均回收率为99.8%,RSD=0.96%(n=6)。结论:本研究所建方法快速、简便、重现性好,适用于维地西林涂剂中盐酸丁卡因的含量测定。     

复方醋酸氟轻松乳膏的含量测定研究

目的建立复方醋酸氟轻松乳膏中尿囊素和冰片的定量方法。方法尿囊素采用Intersil ODS-3 C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇:水(2:98),检测波长为210nm,流速为1.0m L/min,外标法计算。冰片以水杨酸甲酯为内标物,采用气相色谱法,DB-WAX毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.53mm×1.0μm),柱温130℃,进样口温度220℃,FID检测器,检测器温度为280℃。结果尿囊素和冰片的线性范围分别为0.05015~1.003 mg/m L和0.4728~4.728mg/m L,回归方程分别为Y=130310X+1418.5(r=0.9998)和Y=1.2213X-0.0082(r=1.0000)。尿囊素和冰片的平均回收率分别为102.12%(RSD=0.59%)和100.25%(RSD=0.60%)。结论本方法简便、快捷,灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于本制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定龙凤宝胶囊淫羊藿苷的含量

目的建立前龙凤宝胶囊的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱:Waters RP18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(23∶77),流速:1.0 m L/min,检测波长:270 nm,柱温:40℃。结果淫羊藿苷在10~500μg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999);平均加样回收率为99.64%,RSD=0.3%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC-MS/MS法快速测定人血浆中氟哌噻吨浓度及生物等效性研究

目的 建立测定人血浆中氟哌噻吨浓度的高效液相串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),用于氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片的生物等效性研究.方法 以Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸):0.02mol/L甲酸铵水溶液(80:20,V:V),流速:0.8ml/min;柱温:40℃,以醋酸乙酯:二氯甲烷(4:1,V:V)为提取剂.样品经电喷雾离子源正离子化后.通过三重四级杆串联质谱仪.采用选择性反应监测(SRM)对氟哌噻吨(m/z 435.2→305.1)和氯普噻吨(m/z 316.2→231.1)进行测定.结果 氟哌噻吨的高(1μg/L)、中(0.5μg/L)、低(0.05μg/L)3个浓度的平均回收率分别为101.01%、96.19%和106.63%,日内(n=5)、日间(n=3)RSD均小于15%;分析方法的最低定量限为0.025μg/L.线性范围为:0.025～2.5μg/L,回归方程为:F=0.6625ρ+0.0049,r=0.997(n=7),权重为1/ρ2.结论 该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血浓监测和药动学研究.     

胃蛋白酶合剂中羟苯乙酯的含量测定

目的:建立胃蛋白酶合剂中羟苯乙酯含量测定的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用色谱柱为Accurasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-水(50∶50)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为256 nm。结果:羟苯乙酯在2.0~20μg/m L浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9,n=5),平均回收率为98.45%,RSD为0.31%(n=9)。结论:所建立的方法简便、专属性强、重现性好,可有效控制蛋白酶合剂的质量。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.