Early Results of Coronary Endarterectomy Combined with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Diffused Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

It is still a challenge for the cardiac surgeons to achieve adequate revascularization for diffused coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary endarterectomy (CE) offers an alternative choice of coronary artery reconstruction and revascularization. In this study, short-term result of CE combined with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was discussed in the treatment for the diffused CAD.

Methods:

From January 2012 to April 2014, 221 cases of CABG were performed by the same surgeon in our unit. Among these cases, 38 cases of CE + CABG were performed, which was about 17.2% (38/221) of the cohort. All these patients were divided into two groups: CE + CABG group (Group A) and CABG alone group (Group B). All clinical data were compared between the two groups, and postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. The categorical and continuous variables were analyzed by Chi-square test and Student''s t-test respectively.

Results:

Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease were more common in group A. In this cohort, a total of 50 vessels were endarterectomized. Among them, CE was performed on left anterior descending artery in 11 cases, on right coronary artery in 29 cases, on diagonal artery in 3 cases, on intermediate artery in 2 cases, on obtuse marginal artery in 5 cases. There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The intro-aortic balloon pump was required in 3 cases in Group A (3/38), which was more often than that in Group B (3/183). At the time of follow-up, coronary computed tomography angiogram showed all the grafts with CE were patent (50/50). There is no cardio-related mortality in both groups. All these patients were free from coronary re-intervention.

Conclusions:

Coronary endarterectomy + CABG can offer satisfactory result for patients with diffused CAD in a short-term after the operation.     

Very Long-term Outcomes and Predictors of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients with Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

There are limited data on longer-term outcomes (>5 years) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the drug-eluting stents (DES) era. This study aimed at comparing the long-term (>5 years) outcomes of patients with ULMCA disease underwent PCI with DES and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the predictors of adverse events.

Methods:

All consecutive patients with ULMCA disease treated with DES implantation versus CABG in our center, between January 2003 and July 2009, were screened for analyzing. A propensity score analysis was carried out to adjust for potential confounding between the two groups.

Results:

Nine hundred and twenty-two patients with ULMCA disease were enrolled for the analyses (DES = 465 vs. CABG = 457). During the median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range 5.3–8.2 years), no difference was found between PCI and CABG in the occurrence of death (P = 0.282) and the composite endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke (P = 0.294). Rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in the PCI group (P = 0.014) in large part because of the significantly higher rate of repeat revascularization (P < 0.001). PCI was correlated with the lower occurrence of stroke (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed ejection fraction (EF) (P = 0.012), creatinine (P = 0.016), and prior stroke (P = 0.031) were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age (P = 0.026) and EF (P = 0.002) were independent predictors in the CABG group.

Conclusions:

During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, there was no difference in the rate of death between PCI with DES implantation and CABG in ULMCA lesions in the patient cohort. CABG group was observed to have significantly lower rates of repeat revascularization but higher stroke rates compared with PCI. EF, creatinine, and prior stroke were independent predictors of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, and stroke in the DES group, while age and EF were independent predictors in the CABG group.     

A Comparison of the Transradial and Transfemoral Approaches for the Angiography and Intervention in Patients with a History of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: In-hospital and 1-year Follow-up Results

Background:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through transradial approach (TRA) has shown to be safe and effective as transfemoral approach (TFA) among unselected patients. However, very few studies have compared the outcomes between TRA and TFA specifically in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).

Methods:

A total of 404 post-CABG patients who had undergone angiography or PCI were included in the study. The primary endpoint was defined as angiographic success and procedure success. The secondary endpoint was defined as in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACEs), which included all cause of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, repeat revascularization, and major bleeding. Patients were followed-up for 1-year. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, MI, and repeat revascularization, at 1-year follow-up were also compared.

Results:

The angiographic success was reached by 97.4% in the TRA group compared with 100% in the TFA group (P = 0.02). The procedure success was achieved in 99.1% in the TRA group and 97.9% in the TFA group (P = 0.68). The incidence rates of in-hospital NACE (2.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (11.5% vs. 12.0%, P = 0.88) were similar between TRA and TFA. Meanwhile, TRA was associated with a lower rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥2 bleeding (P = 0.02). In patients undergoing graft PCI, the procedure success was similar between TRA and TFA (100.0% vs. 98.7%, P = 1.00). The procedure time (25.0 min vs. 27.5 min, P = 0.53) was also similar. No significant difference was detected between TRA and TFA in terms of in-hospital NACE (0 vs. 0, P = 1.00) and 1-year MACE (21.4% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.19).

Conclusions:

Compared with TFA, TRA had lower angiographic success but had a similar procedure success in post-CABG patients. TRA was also associated with decreased bleeding and shortened hospital stay.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路顺行序贯移植术

目的探讨先吻合桥血管近端的顺行序贯非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）应用的临床意义。方法62例患者行OPCABG,将桥血管与升主动脉吻合后备用,再行左乳内动脉与前降支吻合,最后进行桥血管与其他靶血管顺行序贯式吻合。结果吻合到左前降支的桥血管：带蒂左乳内动脉57支,桡动脉2支,大隐静脉3支。采用大隐静脉桥血管顺行序贯吻合其他靶血管,3支桥47例,2支桥15例。术后1例因低心排血量综合征死亡。其余61例术后心绞痛症状全部缓解,无围术期急性心肌梗死。经3～36月随访,无新发心绞痛,生活质量提高。结论非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路顺行序贯移植术,可以避免体外循环和心脏停搏心脏停搏的弊端;每完成一个桥血管吻合口,即恢复该部位心肌的血液供应,更早改善心肌缺血缺氧状态,手术安全、有效。     

不阻断主动脉冠状动脉搭桥术疗效分析

目的报道 10例不阻断升主动脉的冠状动脉搭桥术的疗效。　方法体外循环低温室颤冠脉搭桥术2例 ;非体外循环冠脉搭桥术 8例。其中三支病变 8例 ;双支和单支病变各 1例。前降支 10例 ,回旋支 6例 ,后降支 2例 ,左主干开口 2例 ,右冠脉 7例。移植血管 :左乳内动脉 7支 ;大隐静脉 2 0支。　结果　术后 1例死于慢性左心衰 ,9例存活 ,心绞痛消失。结论不阻断升主动脉的冠脉搭桥术创伤轻 ,死亡率低 ,并发症少 ,费用低 ,尤其非体外循环冠脉搭桥术更具优越性     

Impact of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients ≥75 Years Old

Background:

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients ≥75 years old remained unclear.

Methods:

A total of 1098 elderly patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation were recruited. Patients were divided into four groups by the value of BMI: Underweight (≤20.0 kg/m²), normal weight (20.0–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m²). Major clinical outcomes after PCI were compared between the groups. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which included death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization. The secondary endpoint was defined as 1 year death. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for the potential confounders.

Results:

Totally, 1077 elderly patients with available BMIs were included in the analysis. Patients of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese accounted for 5.6%, 45.4%, 41.5% and 7.5% of the population, respectively. Underweight patients were more likely to attract ST-segment elevation MI, and get accompanied with anemia or renal dysfunction. Meanwhile, they were less likely to achieve thrombolysis in MI 3 grade flow after PCI, and receive beta-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker after discharge. In underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese patients, in-hospital MACE were 1.7%, 2.7%, 3.8%, and 3.7% respectively (P = 0.68), and 1 year mortality rates were 5.0%, 3.9%, 5.1% and 3.7% (P = 0.80), without significant difference between the groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the value of BMI was not associated with in-hospital MACE in patients at 75 years old.

Conclusions:

The BMI “obese paradox” was not found in patients ≥75 years old. It was suggested that BMI may not be a sensitive predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients.     

Psychological Correlates of Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Background

Psychological effects of Coronary Artery Bypass graft (CABG) have been of interest all over the world but there is a paucity of Indian work.

Methods

30 patients undergoing CABG at a service hospital were included. All patients filled a specially designed proforma. Mini Mental Status Examination, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Coronary scale, Seattle angina questionnaire and Euro-QOL 5D were performed before and seven days after CABG.

Results

43.3% had significant anxiety and 30% had significant depression before CABG. Following CABG, 36.67% of the patients had significant anxiety while 40% had significant depression. On the Seattle angina questionnaire, physical limitation reduced from 71.6 ± 7.9 to 53.1 ± 14.6. There was significant improvement in treatment satisfaction from 37.8 ± 6.1 to 59.4 ± 4.2 following CABG. On th euro quality of life scale (EQ5D) health status improved from 38.17 ± 9.51 before CABG to 68.5 ± 5.28 after CABG.

Conclusion

There is a significant incidence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing CABG, both before and after surgery.Key Words: CABG, anxiety, depression     

不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术与缺血预处理的心脏保护效果

[目的]探讨缺血预处理及不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术在冠状动脉外科中的心脏保护作用.[方法]43例常规体外循环搭桥手术及32例不停跳手术患者.不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者随机分为缺血预处理组和对照组.缺血预处理组采用2周期阻断前降支2min,然后开放3min.对比常规手术与不停跳冠状动脉搭桥手术术后心功能及心肌酶改变.[结果]术后右室射血分数和心指数在不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术中明显优于常规体外循环搭桥手术.不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术组术后心脏肌钙蛋白释放也显著性降低.在不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者,缺血预处理显著性降低术后心脏肌钙蛋白释放.[结论]不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术有利于术后心功能恢复.缺血预处理有效保护不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(附30例报告)

目的总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)初步临床经验。方法回顾性总结采用该移植术的30例临床资料。结果30例均顺利完成OPCABG,平均搭桥2.8根,1例术后死亡(死亡原因为低心排综合征),29例均顺利康复出院,术后随访3~6个月,无心绞痛及心脏相关事件发生。结论OPCABG由于避免了体外循环损伤,减少了手术创伤和全身炎症反应,术后病死率低。     

左主干行冠状动脉旁路移植手术中远期效果分析

目的 总结2002~2008年行冠状动脉旁路移植手术的冠心病左主干患者远期桥血管通畅率。 方法 2002~2008年冠心病左主干患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术共73例,男性57例,女性16例,患者年龄65.7±8.1岁。包括心肌梗死31例、左心室室壁瘤11例,合并瓣膜病变4例,术前使用主动脉气囊反搏(IABP)5例。行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术共5例,冠状动脉旁路移植术+瓣膜置换术共4例,冠状动脉旁路移植术+室壁瘤切除并左心室成形术共6例,机器人冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。其中体外循环下手术65例,非体外循环手术8例。左乳内动脉与左前降支吻合,大隐静脉与靶血管吻合,静脉吻合口超过两个(含)时做序贯吻合。术后随访行冠状动脉64-CT或冠状动脉造影复查桥血管通畅率。 结果 术后死亡2例(病死率2.7%),死因分别为恶性心律失常和多器官衰竭。痊愈出院71例,随访患者53例,失访18例,随访率74.6%,随访时间4个月~11年,平均随访时间73.2±30.2个月。随访期间死亡8例,其中3例为心源性死亡,心源性病死率5.7%,余者为其他疾病死亡。10例再发心绞痛,2例心肌梗死,2例脑梗死。 39例患者行桥血管CT或造影,动脉桥通畅率97.4%,静脉桥通畅率82.8%。 结论 冠心病左主干患者病情重,行冠状动脉旁路移植术可有效改善冠脉血运,远期效果良好。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术209例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法:对209例冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术,选择性冠状动脉造影检查显示:1支病变9例,2支病变17例,3支以上病变183例。行体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术86例,非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术123例。结果:本组共移植血管668支,每例患者移植血管1～8支,平均3.20支。应用主动脉球囊反搏9例;术后呼吸机辅助时间3～98h,平均7.6h。手术死亡6例,病死率为2.91。死于低心排血量综合征3例,多脏器功能衰竭2例,呼吸衰竭1例。203例患者出院时症状明显改善及消失。随访115例(56.56)。随访时间2个月至5.1年,心绞痛消失109例,复发6例。结论:综合患者的病情特点及医疗条件,人文地决定相应的手术方式;结合病人的年龄恰当选择旁路移植血管;均可优化冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果。对改善和提高冠心病患者生活质量有着重要的作用。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠心病25例临床分析

目的总结本科1999年6月~2006年12月行重症冠心病患者施行CABG 25例临床经验。方法25例患者中合并陈旧性心肌梗死6例,急性心肌梗死5例,合并二尖瓣和/或主动脉瓣病变5例,心肌梗死后巨大室壁瘤2例,左室功能重度减退(EF<30%)6例。20例在中低温体外循环(CPB)下进行CABG手术,同时行瓣膜置换术5例。5例在非CPB下进行搭桥。结果本组术后早期死亡3例,其中围手术期心肌梗死2例,胸骨哆开后呼吸功能衰竭1例。另并发肺部感染4例,经积极抗感染,加强营养支持后好转。术后静脉桥分支出血心包填塞1例,二次手术止血后好转。结论要提高重症患者的CABG手术的成功率,必须重视术前合并症的处理,术中加强心肌的保护,无合并其他心内手术者,尽可能行OPCABG,要选择适宜的血管移植材料,重视吻合技巧的训练。     

心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术在老年人中应用的临床效果观察

目的探讨心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术在老年人中的应用.方法通过对89例60岁以上老年患者施行了不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术（OPCAB）,与同期80例行体外循环下的冠脉搭桥术（CPB）老年患者进行术前术后一般状况的对比.结果 OPCAB组平均年龄、术前肌酐高于正常的比例、术前有脑梗死史的比例显著高于CPB组.OPCAB组患者手术死亡率显著低于CPB组（1.12%VS5.00%）,术后房颤发生率也显著低于CPB组（5.61%VS11.2%）.结论 OPCAB在老年患者中应用,尤其对于术前有肾功能异常、呼吸系统疾病、中枢神经系统疾病及严重动脉硬化的老年患者,能够获得更多的手术治疗机会和良好的临床效果.     

心脏瓣膜置换同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术107例临床分析

目的总结笔者所在科室同期行心脏瓣膜置换和冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)的患者围术期临床特点及处理方法。方法回顾性分析1998年4月～2011年3月期间冠心病合并瓣膜病患者107例,男性82例,女性25例,平均年龄60岁(39～78岁),术前心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级者18例,心功能Ⅲ级者72例,Ⅳ级者17例。二尖瓣病变71例,主动脉瓣病变24例,二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变12例。冠状动脉单支病变57例,2支病变29例,多支病变21例,左主干病变11例。合并左房血栓22例。行二尖瓣置换53例,二尖瓣成形9例,主动脉瓣置换24例,双瓣置换12例,其中26例同时行三尖瓣成形术,22例同时行左房血栓清除术。桥血管共计152支,其中动脉桥44支,平均血流量28.6±5.1ml/min。静脉桥108支,平均血流量23.3±4.8ml/min。对上述患者的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果术后死亡2例(病死率1.9%),死亡原因分别为恶性心律失常和严重感染。二次开胸止血2例。围术期应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pumping,IABP)6例(5.6%)。心脏超声显示术后左房及左室内径较术前明显缩小(分别为P=0.029和P=0.001)。75例患者术后随访4个月～13年,患者心功能改善,心绞痛症状消失。结论对于冠心病合并瓣膜病患者,充分的术前评估,正确的术中、术后处理,可以降低心脏瓣膜置换同期行CABG的病死率。     

内窥镜大隐静脉获取术在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)中应用内窥镜获取大隐静脉的手术技巧及可行性和安全性。方法首都医科大学宣武医院心脏科2007年1月至2008年2月行择期CABG术患者118例,根据患者意愿分为内窥镜大隐静脉获取术(EVH)组(40例)和全程切开大隐静脉获取术(OVH)组(78例)。对2组患者高危因素和术后合并症进行比较,并对EVH组所取静脉进行组织学评价。结果2组患者下肢切口合并症高危因素的差异无统计学意义,但合并症总发生率EVH组较OVH组低,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组患者静脉获取时间相当,获取的静脉长度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EVH组更多地采用了序贯吻合血管桥技术以保证完全再血管化的需要。组织学评估结果显示,内窥镜获取的大隐静脉内膜完整,质量可靠。2组患者术后平均随访5.8个月,均未再发生心肌梗死。冠状动脉CT检查结果显示,EVH组桥血管共73支,仅2支存在局限性轻度内膜增生,未见桥血管闭塞。结论EVH技术在降低术后下肢伤口合并症方面有明显优势,适用于存在高危因素的患者。内窥镜大隐静脉获取术可能成为冠状动脉旁路移植术的常规静脉获取手段。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房纤颤的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植手术患者在术后住院期间新发心房纤颤的发病特点并对相关的危险因素进行分析。方法回顾2010年1月—2011年6月910例在我院心外科非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者,监测术后患者的心电示波、心电图,分析患者性别、年龄、病史、术前用药、术前B型钠尿肽水平、肌酐水平、冠状动脉病变情况、超声心动图显示的左房径、左室舒张末期内径、射血分数、术中静脉桥及动脉桥的支数、术后机械通气时间、术后4 h肌钙蛋白Ⅰ水平,观察上述因素与患者术后住院期间新发心房纤颤的关系。结果在910例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者中,术后住院期间新发心房纤颤154例,发生率16.9%。单因素分析结果显示:年龄(P=0.016)、术前最后一次B型脑钠肽水平(P=0.002)、静脉桥数(P=0.015)和桥血管数/病变血管数(P<0.001)与冠状动脉旁路移植术后的新发心房纤颤相关,P<0.05的相关危险因素进入二元Logistic回归分析,结果显示:年龄(OR=1.087)、术前最后一次B型脑钠肽水平(OR=1.002)、桥血管数/病变血管数(OR=0.042)与术后新发心房纤颤独立相关。以B型脑钠肽水平作ROC曲线,曲线下面积0.670,说明术前最后一次B型脑钠肽水平对于术后新发心房纤颤具有中度的预测价值。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房纤颤原因较多,高龄、术前最后一次B型脑钠肽水平高和患者的再血管化程度不完全是术后新发心房纤颤的独立危险因素,而B型脑钠肽水平对术后新发心房纤颤具有中度的预测价值。     

Beating Heart versus Conventional Coronary Bypass Surgery: Our Experience

Background

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) has become the standard surgical treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in most centres in India. It is clear from the current evidence that, in certain patients, OPCAB offers advantages over conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Experience of this procedure in the Armed Forces is highlighted. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 nonrandomized consecutive patients taken up for OPCAB and 200 conventional CABG between Jan 2005 and Dec 2007 was done. The European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (euroSCORE) was used in all patients. Perioperative morbidity and mortality was compared in the two groups.

Result

OPCAB was possible in 192 (96 %) out of 200 patients taken up for this procedure. Eight patients required cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to complete the revascularization. Incidence of reoperation for bleeding was 2.5% in OPCAB and 6% in CABG In the CABG group 2% patients developed severe bleeding complications, 3% required ventilation for more than 24 hour, 1% required renal replacement therapy, 1% had acute respiratory distress syndrome and 3.5% had neuro-psychiatric manifestations. Incidence of these complications in OPCAB patients was lower or NIL. Overall mortality in the OPCAB group was 1.5% and 2% in the CABG group. However only one patient out of 192 (0.5%) who underwent successful OPCAB died, while two patients out of eight who required conversion to CPB in this group died. Incidence of stroke, deep sternal infection and mortality was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

OPCAB is safe, effective and can be offered to more than 90% patients as the primary strategy for surgical myocardial revascularization. It has lower overall morbidity than conventional CABG Its main limitations are hemodynamic instability and inability to find a deeply embedded target vessel. Both these factors affect the outcome adversely making conventional CABG a better option in these situations.Key Words: Off-pump coronary artery bypass!, Coronary artery bypass     

1650例男性患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期临床回顾性研究

目的 冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）是治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（以下简称冠心病）主要手段之一,主要手术方式包括体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（on-pump CABG,ONCABG）和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump CABG,OPCABG）.本文拟通过回顾性分析1 650例男性患者施行OPCABG和不停跳ONCABG临床资料进行两种手术方式的临床效果分析.方法 采用首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院麻醉科2007年至2009年CABG数据库的有关数据.比较OPCABG组和不停跳ONCABG组近期疗效,并分别以术后死亡和术后应用连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement treatment,CRRT）为因变量进行Logistic危险因素回归分析.结果 OPCABG组搭桥时间和总手术时间均小于ONCABG组（P〈0.01）.OPCABG组搭桥数大于3的病例明显多于ONCABG组（20.9% vs 13.3%） （P〈0.01）,应用CRRT（1.33% vs 3.98%）和主动脉内球囊反搏（3.23% vs 6.63%）患者的比例较ONCABG组显著减少（P≤0.01）,两组术后院内病死率差异无统计学意义.CABG术后发生院内死亡的独立危险因素为术前左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）〈40%（P=0.000,OR=8.321）、年龄〉70岁（P=0.003,OR=4.870）和术后应用CRRT（P=0.000,OR=45.500）.术后应用CRRT的独立危险因素为术前高血压病史（P=0.049,OR=2.665）、术前肾功能异常（P=0.045,OR=3.598）,OPCABG可以减少2/3的术后CRRT的使用率（P=0.008,OR=0.333）.结论 OPCABG可以降低术后CRRT和IABP的使用率,缩短手术时间.因此在年龄〉70岁,术前肾脏功能下降,心功能差等患者施行OPCABG手术对早期恢复是有益的.     

Improvement in left ventricular function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis

INTRODUCTION

The effects of reduction of left ventricular (LV) systemic afterload following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) were investigated, using echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).

METHODS

We compared the preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic assessments of 23 patients with severe AS who had undergone isolated AVR (n = 13) or concomitant AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 10). Conventional echocardiographic evaluations and TDI at the lateral mitral annulus were performed.

RESULTS

Echocardiography was performed at a median of 120 (interquartile range: 66–141) days after AVR. There was significant reduction in aortic transvalvular mean pressure gradient after AVR. Although LV dimensions, mass and ejection fraction remained unchanged, LV diastolic and systolic functions improved (as observed on TDI). Early diastolic (E’), late diastolic (A’) and systolic (S’) mitral annular velocities increased significantly (p < 0.05). There was significant improvement in TDI-derived parameters among the patients who had isolated AVR, while among the patients who had concomitant AVR with CABG, only S’ had significant improvement (p = 0.028).

CONCLUSION

TDI was able to detect improvements in LV systolic and diastolic function after AVR for severe AS. There was less improvement in the TDI-derived diastolic parameters among patients who underwent concomitant AVR with CABG than among patients who underwent isolated AVR.     

动脉旁路移植术后静脉桥再狭窄通路的机制

  目的  探索动脉旁路移植术后静脉桥再狭窄形成的信号通路机制。  方法  40只家兔随机分2组，假手术组和模型组，假手术组分离颈静脉、颈动脉，不做移植，模型组游离颈静脉，截取一段颈静脉方向调转后与颈动脉做端侧吻合，结扎两吻合口间的颈动脉，建立动脉旁路移植兔模型，移植后2 d、2周假手术组取出颈静脉，模型组取出移植静脉，肉眼观察，组织切片HE染色量化管腔狭窄程度，免疫组化检测p-p38表达水平，进行对比分析。  结果  与假手术组比较，模型组移植静脉2周后管腔显著性狭窄（P < 0.05），静脉移植后2 d、2周p-p38表达均显著性升高（P < 0.05），其中移植后2 d显著高于移植2周（P < 0.05）。  结论  冠状动脉旁路移植静脉桥再狭窄信号传导机制可能通过p38-MAPK通路。